• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.71-86
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• 2003

Objectives : The aim of this study was to investigate the classification methods of the external treatments of atopic dermatitis for Children. Methods: We surveyed the oriental medical book concerning the atopic dermatitis for Children. Results : 1. The oriental herbal medications for the atopic dermatitis used with Ryuhwang(硫?), WoongHwang(雄黃), KyoungBun(輕粉), WhangBaek(黃栢), SeokGo(石膏) and so on. 2. The frequently used type of external prescription is solid or liquid. 3. The external preparations were frequently painted or washing with to the lesion of dermatitis. For the wet type of atopic dermatitis, the solid prescription were sprinkled on the lesion or irrigated with the liquid. For the dry type, the mixed prescription of the solid and liquid were painted on the lesion.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.231-239
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• 2016

Objectives : Pruritus is a skin disorder that usually occurs in the elderly. The purpose of this study is to report the effect of external preparation containing Ponciri fructus and Radix lithospermi on senile pruritus and xeroderma with liver cirrhosis.Methods : We treated 85-years-old liver cirrhosis patient suffered from itching sensation on the whole body with external preparation containing Ponciri fructus and Radix lithospermi and oral administration of Sodalgeonbitang for 37 days.Results : Despite discontinuing western medical treatment of topical steroids and oral antihistamine, pruritus and erythema of the patient were significantly improved.Conclusions : As for external application, decoction of Ponciri fructus and Radix lithospermi might be effective used for treatment senile pruritus and xeroderma.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.313-337
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• 1999

In oriental medicine, 'chi(痔)' is 'the prolapsed nodule' in 'Ku-gyu(九竅)', but in this paper, I will write about prolapsed nodule only in anus or around it, chi-jil(痔疾), it called hemorrhoid in western medicine. So in the literatual studies on chi(痔) in anus or around it, the results are as follows. 1. The etiology and pathogenesis of ch.i-jil(痔疾) is wind, wetness, dryness, and heat caused by inrregular diet habit, severe drinking and sexual action, deficiency of ki(氣) and hyeol(血). 2. Characteristic symptoms of chi-jil(痔疾) is the prolapsed nodule in the anus or around it, and general symptoms are hematochezia, pain, hernia, swelling, abcess, and mucosal secretion. 3. Chi-jil(痔疾) is classified eight types by characteristic symptom, shape, etiology and pathogenesis. They are mac-chi(脈痔), jang-chi(腸痔), ki-chi(氣痔), hyeol-chi(血痔), joo-chi(酒痔), mo-chi(牡痔), bin-chi(牡痔), and loo-chi(屢痔)(or young-chi(영痔), choong-chi(蟲痔)). Additionally, they are divided into two parts, internal and external chi-jil(痔疾), as likely as classification of internal and external hemorrhoid in western medicine. 4. Treatment of chi-jil(痔疾) is two methods, internal treatment and external treatment. Internal treatment is per os herb-pharmacotheraphy, external treatment is surgical or the other external pharmacotheraphy. There are several external treatment, these are fumigation-theraphy(熏痔法). irrigation-theraphy(洗痔法), paint-theraphy(塗痔法). withering-theraphy(枯痔法), bending-therphy(結紮法) and incisal -theraphy(切開法).

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.117-125
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• 2022

Background: External-cause mortality is an important public health issue worldwide. Considering its significance to workers' health and inequalities across industries, we aimed to describe the state of external-cause mortality and investigate its difference by industry in Republic of Korea based on data for 2018. Methods: Data obtained from the Statistics Korea and Korean Employment Information System were used. External causes of death were divided into three categories (suicide, transport accident, and others), and death occurred during employment period or within 90 days after unemployment was regarded as workers' death. We calculated age- and sex-standardized mortalities per 100,000, standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) compared to the general population and total workers, and mortality rate ratios (RRs) across industries using information and communication as a reference. Correlation analyses between income, education, and mortality were conducted. Results: Age- and sex-standardized external-cause mortality per 100,000 in all workers was 29.4 (suicide: 16.2, transport accident: 6.6, others: 6.6). Compared to the general population, all external-cause and suicide SMRs were significantly lower; however, there was no significant difference in transport accidents. When compared to total workers, wholesale, transportation, and business facilities management showed higher SMR for suicide, and agriculture, forestry, and fishing, mining and quarrying, construction, transportation and storage, and public administration and defense showed higher SMR for transport accidents. A moderate to strong negative correlation was observed between education level and mortality (both age- and sex-standardized mortality rates and SMR compared to the general population). Conclusion: Inequalities in external-cause mortalities from suicide, transport accidents, and other causes were found. For reducing the differences, improved policies are needed for industries with higher mortalities.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.18 no.3 s.30
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• pp.70-80
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• 2005

1) Objective External treatments have various curative effects. So it had been used to cure various patients. But, it has a limited sphere of application in the present South Korea. Therefore we would like to bring out its sphere of application and detailed method in the oriental medicine classics. 2) Conclusions From long time ago people have used external treatment to cure various disease. According to the ${\lceil}Nei-Jing{\rfloor}$, hot compress therapy, fumigation therapy and bathing therapy had been used to cure blockage syndrome, muscle disease, carbuncle and cellulitis. Thereafter, a sphere of external treatment had gradually enlarged. (1) After all its sphere had included dermatologic, psychologic, internal, ophthalmic, otolaryngologic, obstetrics, gynecologic, pediatric and surgical diseases. (2) External treatment methods have contained hot compress therapy, fumigation therapy, bathing therapy, application therapy, medication bag therapy, medication plug therapy, medication massotherapy, aroma therapy and so on. (3) Medication types of external treatment have contained ointment, juice, infusion, powder, suppository and so on.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.97-107
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• 2016

Objectives The purpose of this study is to investigate recent clinical studies on the effect of external therapy for infantile anorexia. Methods We searched for the study at CNKI by a keyword 'xiaoaryanshizheng' after 2010. 40 clinical studies which were using one external therapy method were selected. Result Selected 40 clinical studies were divided into six types of external therapy. The subjects for these clinical studies were between three months and 14 years old children. The number of the subjects was between 20 and 260. The period of treatment was between three days and three months. Only using one external therapy for infantile anorexia had 84.62%-100% cure rate. Conclusions Based on these clinical studies, external therapy has been shown as an effective treatment on infantile anorexia.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.146-150
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• 2010

Purpose: Pilon fracture has several serious complications such as joint stiffness, arthrosis and delayed angular deformity. We report short-term results of new treatment modality using distracted dynamic external fixators and early controlled ankle motion. Materials and Methods: Eight cases of severe pilon fractures for which we tried small plate fixation and additional distracted dynamic external fixators from July 2007 to June 2009 were included. Half passive continuous ankle joint motion was allowed under free hinged ring fixators after the operation. The external fixators were removed after two or three months from the surgery. We investigated joint space by radiograph, joint pain, range of motion, patient's satisfaction of treatment protocol. Results: Joints were distracted when external fixators were applied and mean 28% of space loss developed after removal of external fixators. In most of cases, satisfactory alignments were maintained. Regarding range of joint motion, mean dorsiflexion angle was 15 degrees and mean plantarflexion angle was 32 degree in the condition of wearing external fixators. There was mean 8% reduction of range of motion but no further progression of ankle stiffness after removal of external fixators. Dorsiflexion was not improved after that, but plantarflexion angle was improved 10% even after removal of external fixators. Patients were generally in compliance with the treatment protocols with high level of satisfaction. Conclusion: We got good results with distracted dynamic external fixators and early continuous half-passive joint motion for pilon fractures in terms of joint pain and range of motion. Therefore we suggest this new protocol as an alternative modality for severe pilon fractures.

• The Journal of Korean Medical History
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.88-95
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• 2007

External treatments have various curative effects. According to the existing researches, We have read that many external treatments have been related to obstertic and gynecologic diseases. But systemic description is very rare about external treatment of obstertic and gynecologic diseases. Therefore we would like to describe that. We have found out many sentences that have been related to external treatments about complicating childbirth and the puerperium. Comparatively often had been refered diseases are Hard Labor(難産), Dizziness(血暈) and Metroptosis(玉門不斂).

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.31-51
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• 2007

External treatments have various curative effects. According to the existing researches, We have read that many external treatments have been related to obstertic and gynecologic diseases. But systemic description is very rare about external treatment of obstertic and gynecologic diseases. Therefore we would like to describe that. We have found out many sentences that have been related to external treatments about genital organic diseases disease. Comparatively often had been refered diseases are Uterine Prolapse(陰脫), Erosion of Vulva(陰瘡), Puritus Vulvae(陰痒), Mass in Abdomen and Coldness of Genitals(陰冷).

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.54 no.3
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• pp.184-190
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• 2016

The osseointegration of titanium implants has been examined over the past 50 years. Many implant systems have been introduced and have become popular to the implant dentistry. The designs of the connection between implant fixture and abutment are divided into external vs internal connection. From beginning, the $Br{\aa}nemark$ system was characterized by an external hexagon. Internal connection has been developed to reduce stress transferred to the bone. These differences may have impact on the clinical procedures and protocols, laboratory and components costs, and incidence of complications. Therefore, the clinician has to know the different biomechanical features and understand their implications to produce successful implant-supported prosthesis with an external or an internal connection system.