• 원예과학기술지
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.590-597
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• 2013

장미 꽃의 향기정도에 따른 주요성분과 향기발산 위치를 구명하기 위하여 본 연구를 수행하였다. 향기정도는 약한 품종('필립'과 '비너스베리'), 중간 선발계통('GR07-135') 및 강한 품종('허니블루') 3수준으로 구분되었다. 품종과 선발계통 별 주요 향기성분은 '필립'은 3,5-dimethoxytoluene(DMT)와 benzene,1,3,5-trimethoxy 성분이었으며, '비너스베리'는 megastigma-4,6(Z),8(E)-triene 성분이었고, 'GR07-135'는 DMT, benzene,1-ethenyl-4-methoxy 및 phenylethylalcohol 성분이었으며, '허니블루'는 germacrene-D와 DMT 성분이었다. 향축면 표피세포는 원추형의 유두상 돌기 모양이 있었고 배축면 표피세포는 편평한 모양이었다. 3품종과 1선발계통 모두 두꺼운 세포벽이 있었고, '허니블루'를 제외한 2품종과 1선발계통은 왁스로 덮인 큐티클층이 있었다. 향축면 표피세포에 '필립'은 전분립이, '비너스베리'는 오스미움 소체가, 'GR07-135'은 전분립, 색소체 및 액포가, '허니블루'는 색소체낭, 색소체 및 액포가 있었다. 결과적으로 방향성 장미 꽃 향기의 주요성분은 품종에 따라 달랐으며, 생성과 발산은 유두돌기가 있는 향축면 표피 세포내의 색소체와 액포가 관련되어 있었다.

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.26-39
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• 2020

Visual Representation Competence Taxonomy (VRC-T) was developed in previous study(Yoon, 2018) to provide a framework conducive to assess visual representation competence and to devise appropriate educational activities for it. This study is an extension of the previous study. It aimed to explore the usefulness of VRC-T and revise it by analyzing the patterns of visual representation use in science lessons. The researcher collected lesson plans on shadow principle from 11 pre-service and 13 in-service elementary teachers and conducted individual interviews regarding what visual representations they considered and how they tried to use them in science lessons. VRC-T was used as an analytical framework to examine the types and cognitive processes of visual representations. As a result, new categories were added and the revised VRC-T was completed (VRC-TR). It was also found that both pre- and in-service teachers mainly focused on 'interpreting' the 'descriptive representation' while designing their lesson plans. Additionally, in-service teachers showed more limited use of visual representations compared to pre-service teachers. In-service teachers largely relied on the national science textbooks, while pre-service teachers reflected their own learning experiences in their teacher-training program. These results showed that teachers' use of visual representations heavily relied on their prior learning and teaching experiences. The VRC-TR presented in this study and examples of class activities in each category can be helpful for teachers and researchers who want to use visual representations more effectively.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.2338-2356
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• 2019

Vehicular ad-hoc network (VANET) is the name of technology, which uses 'mobile internet' to facilitate communication between vehicles. The aim is to ensure road safety and achieve secure communication. Therefore, the reliability of this type of networks is a serious concern. The reliability of VANET is dependent upon proper communication between vehicles within a given amount of time. Therefore a new formula is introduced, the terms of the new formula correspond 1 by 1 to a class special ST route (SRORT). The new formula terms are much lesser than the Inclusion-Exclusion principle. An algorithm for the Source-to-Terminal reliability was presented, the algorithm produced Source-to-Terminal reliability or computed a Source-to-Terminal reliability expression by calculating a class of special networks of the given network. Since the architecture of this class of networks which need to be computed was comparatively trivial, the performance of the new algorithm was superior to the Inclusion-Exclusion principle. Also, we introduce a mobility metric called universal speed factor (USF) which is the extension of the existing speed factor, that suppose same speed of all vehicles at every time. The USF describes an exact relation between the relative speed of consecutive vehicles and the headway distance. The connectivity of vehicles in different mobile situations is analyzed using USF i.e., slow mobility connectivity, static connectivity, and high mobility connectivity. It is observed that $p_c$ probability of connectivity is directly proportional to the mean speed ${\mu}_{\nu}$ till specified threshold ${\mu}_{\tau}$, and decreases after ${\mu}_{\tau}$. Finally, the congested network is connected strongly as compared to the sparse network as shown in the simulation results.

• 융합정보논문지
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• 제11권8호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2021

본 논문에서는 병렬 인터페이스형 디지털/아날로그 변환회로에 외부 소자를 추가해 1개 비트를 확장하는 방법을 제시했다. 이를 위해 디지털/아날로그 변환회로의 원리를 살펴보고 개별 소자를 추가해 1개 비트를 확장하는 경우에 발생되는 문제점을 분석했으며, 연산증폭기 회로를 이용한 디지털/아날로그 소자의 비트 확장 방법을 제시했다. 제시한 방법은 연산증폭기의 고정밀도 특성을 이용함에 따라 소자에 오차가 발생하더라도 출력파형의 전체적인 크기에만 영향을 미치고 각 비트 사이에서 발생하는 전압역전 현상은 발생하지 않는 특징을 지닌다. 제시한 방법의 효과를 확인하기 위해 실험회로를 구성해 출력의 절대전압 측정과 상대적 오차 측정을 실시한 결과 0.0756%의 전압오차가 나타남으로서 개별소자 추가에 의해 1개 비트 확장 시 요건인 0.195%를 충분히 충족함을 확인했다.

• Management Science and Financial Engineering
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.53-75
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• 2002

In this Paper, an attempt is made to establish a learning framework for robust planning and real-time execution control. Necessary definitions and concepts are clearly presented to describe real-time operational control in response to Plan disruptions. A general mathematical framework for disruption recovery is also laid out. Global disruption model is decomposed into suitable number of local disruption models. Execution Pattern is designed to capture local disruptions using decomposed-reverse neural mappings, and to further demonstrate how the decomposed-reverse mappings could be applied for solving disrubtion recovery problems. Two decomposed-reverse neural mappings, N-K-M and M-K-N are employed to produce transportation solutions in react-time. A potential extension is also discussed using the proposed mapping principle and other hybrid heuristics. Experimental results are provided to verify the proposed approach.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.275-302
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• 2011

This is a review paper on mathematical modeling of actively controlled piezo smart structures. Paper has four sections to discuss the techniques to: (i) write the equations of motion (ii) implement sensor-actuator design (iii) model real life environmental effects and, (iv) control structural vibrations. In section (i), methods of writing equations of motion using equilibrium relations, Hamilton's principle, finite element technique and modal testing are discussed. In section (ii), self-sensing actuators, extension-bending actuators, shear actuators and modal sensors/actuators are discussed. In section (iii), modeling of thermal, hygro and other non-linear effects is discussed. Finally in section (iv), various vibration control techniques and useful software are mentioned. This review has two objectives: (i) practicing engineers can pick the most suitable philosophy for their end application and, (ii) researchers can come to know how the field has evolved, how it can be extended to real life structures and what the potential gaps in the literature are.

• 전자공학회논문지A
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• 제32A권2호
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• pp.31-37
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• 1995

A ray-based approach is developed to calculate the scattering from inhomogeneous dielectric objects. This approach is a natural extension of the "shooting and bouncing ray(SBR)" technique developed earlier for calculating the radar cross section of cavity structures and complex targets. In this formulation, a dense grid of rays representing the incident field is shot toward the scatterer. The curved trajectory, amplitude, phase and polarization of the ray fields inside the inhomogeneous object are computed numerically based on the laws of geometrical optics. The contributions of the exting rays to the exterior scattered field are then calculated by using the equivalence principle in conjunction with " a ray-tube integration" scheme. The ray-based approach is applied for the effect of an arcjet plasma plume on satellite reflector performance and backscattering from inhomogeneous objects.

• 한국지능시스템학회논문지
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.804-806
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• 2007

The usual arithmetic operations on real numbers can be extended to arithmetical operations on fuzzy intervals by means of Zadeh's extension principle based on a t-norm T. Dombi and Gyorbiro proved that addition is closed if the Dombi t-norm is used with two bell-shaped fuzzy intervals. Recently, Hong [Fuzzy Sets and Systems 158(2007) 739-746] defined a broader class of bell-shaped fuzzy intervals. Then he study t-norms which are consistent with these particular types of fuzzy intervals as applications of a result proved by Mesiar on a strict f-norm based shape preserving additions of LR-fuzzy intervals with unbounded support. In this note, we give a direct proof of the main results of Hong.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.54-67
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• 1997

Now, this time we regarde as daylife is a part of culture in novelty view of modern culture study. Specially, we can see terms about style surfing supermarket style through visulization process for critic, combination, reconstruction, of modernism, that is post modernism. Not new style show up any more but displayed union of past style history complex, slices of decoration series. A designer group called as memphis, they designed such like that. Our view for fashion could be new in the technology, mixed media, cyber situation is stimulated us and accepted in extened concept of culture. In this study, I approched as a view of streetism cyber punkism haute couture Romanticism linked extension concept of culture. Haute couture fashion has the most historical, and constructive and decorative aspects, and regarded as principle of construction of deconstruction. And this season trend is romantic & emotional image are complexed.

• 한국지능시스템학회논문지
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• 제11권6호
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• pp.528-531
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• 2001

그래프에서 최단경로를 찾는 문제는 그래프 이론분야에서 고전적인 문제이다. 전통적인 최단경로 문제에서 간선의 가중치값을 정확히 결정하는것이 어려운 경우에는 퍼지 가중치를 이용하여 문제를 해결할수 있다. 그리고 이러한 퍼지 가중치값을 결정하는데 있어 또 다른 불확실성이 존재하는 경우에는, 타입 2-퍼지 가중치를 이용하여 간선이 가중치를 표현할수 있다. 본 논문에서는 타입-1 퍼지 가중치 그래프에서의 최단경로문제를 타입 2 퍼지 가중치 그래프의 경우로 확장하고, 확장된 그래프에서 최단경로를 찾기 위한 모델을 제시하였다.