• Journal of Naturopathy
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.48-55
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• 2021

Purpose: People with intellectual disabilities are vulnerable to the use of receptive and expressive vocabulary. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect on the receptive vocabulary and the expressive vocabulary after teaching reading education to adults with intellectual disabilities living in facilities using picture fairy tales. Methods: The subjects of this study were 12 adults with intellectual disabilities under the age of 20 to 40 residing in residential facilities. They were divided into 6 test groups and 6 control groups, and gave a total of 12 sessions of 60 minutes per session, and reading instruction using picture fairy tales. Results: In the test group that conducted reading activities using picture fairy tales, the use of the receptive vocabulary was significantly improved, and the use of the expressive vocabulary was significantly improved. There were no significant results in all of the control groups. Conclusions: This study had the effect of improving the use of receptive vocabulary and expressive vocabulary after teaching reading using picture fairy tales for the disabled. It is estimated that this result will be the basis for research in this field.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.41-47
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to examine how speakers use VOT and f0 to distinguish tense, lax, and aspirated stops in isolated sentence reading and paragraph readings. To do so, a total of 20 males between the ages of 20-25 years old were asked to read (1) isolated sentences, (2) information-oriented text and (3) emotional expressive texts in which the stop pronunciation's VOT value and f0 were measured thereafter. The main results are as follows. In the isolate sentence reading, lax stops, and aspirated stops were distinguished by both VOT and f0, but for the Korean men that read reading texts, VOT is not a cue to distinguish between lax and aspirated stops. In general, the VOT differences between lax stops and aspirated stops were smaller for information-oriented texts and emotional expressive texts than that of the isolate sentence reading. In the paragraph reading that induces a natural utterance, the f0 dependence is greater for the distinction between lax and aspirated stops.

• Speech Sciences
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.119-129
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• 2001

Language is one aspect of cognition, along with attention and concentration, learning and memory, visuospatial abilities, and executive function. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of language intervention by cognitive approach on language expressive performance in a patient with conduction aphasia. This study used several tasks such as Attention and concentration task, visual memory tasks, memory tasks, categorization, divergent thinking, self-monitoring and evaluate thinking. The effects of treatment were evaluated by periodic probing of both trained and untrained familiar words in three tasks; picture naming, answering to questions and telling stories. The results showed improvements both in trained and untrained words. Therefore, we concluded that expressive language performance of this aphasic patient is amenable to this intervention, and that cognitive therapy approach can be useful.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.175-181
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• 2015

This study aims to compare the differences between 'consonant inventory size' and 'phonological variability' in order to examine the phonological development and characteristics of the late-talkers and typically developing expressive language agematched children and to consider the correlations between them. The study participants included fifteen late-talkers and fifteen typically developing expressive language age-matched children(TED group). The results are as follows. First, as regards consonant inventory size, there was a significant difference between late-talkers and TED group. The late-talkers' consonant inventory size was less than TED group. Second, as regards phonological variability, there was a significant difference between late-talkers and TED group. The late-talkers' phonological variability was higher than TED group. Third, in the case of late-talkers, there was no significant correlation between consonant inventory size and phonological variability; however in the case of TED group, there was a significant negative correlation between consonant inventory size and phonological variability. Therefore, phonological ability should be considered in evaluation and intervention of late-talkers.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.38C no.2
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• pp.213-218
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• 2013

One of the most popular approaches to parameter adaptation in hidden Markov model (HMM) based systems is the maximum likelihood linear regression (MLLR) technique. In our previous study, we proposed factored MLLR (FMLLR) where each MLLR parameter is defined as a function of a control vector. We presented a method to train the FMLLR parameters based on a general framework of the expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm. Using the proposed algorithm, supplementary information which cannot be included in the models is effectively reflected in the adaptation process. In this paper, we apply the FMLLR algorithm to a pitch sequence as well as spectrum parameters. In a series of experiments on artificial generation of expressive speech, we evaluate the performance of the FMLLR technique and also compare with other approaches to parameter adaptation in HMM-based speech synthesis.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.115-122
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• 2017

This study attempts to determine the extent to which late talkers are at the risk of delayed phonological development, in order to identify groups at risk and to find factors affecting delayed phonological development. A group of 1,452 children (51% boys, 49% girls) were recruited from the nationwide Panel Study on Korean Children. The current study collected data from 418 children who were previously identified as late-talkers (LT) at their age of three on average (Time 1: expressive vocabulary test) and three years later (Time 2: phonological test). Their phonological outcomes of the Time 2 were analyzed and then compared to those of a group of 1,056 children with typical language development (NLT: no late-talkers) at the age of three in terms of the number of incorrect consonants, and the speech sound disorders rating scores. LT showed a lower articulation score than NLT, and boys showed a lower score than girls. These findings indicate that the late onset of speech and the gender of young children could be potential risk factors of speech sound disorders.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.27-37
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• 2018

A satirical cartoon is a time-limited medium in the context of specific social phenomena. On the other hand, satirical cartoons based on 'Sewolho' was published with 74 works by Kyunghyang Shinmun and 46 works by Joongang Ilbo. This is because it is a social phenomenon with a special meaning that satirical cartoons based on 'Sewolho' is a political issue that is called out of time constraints. In this study, I compared and analyzed the expressive elements of Kyunghyang Shinmun and Joongang Ilbo in the social phenomenon 'Sewolho'. The elements of the character, frame, and speech bubble which are the picture elements of satirical cartoons, combine to form the narrative structure. And the elements of the Speech, name and commentary which are also the same. The results of this study are meaningful that the analysis of the narrative structure through the expressive elements of satirical cartoons is meaningful by comparing and analyzing the satirical cartoons of two newspapers with different tendencies.

• Speech Sciences
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.37-45
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• 2003

This study attempted to determine the effects of a context-based drawing task on the language expression of a severe Wernicke's and Broca's aphasic. The subjects in this study showed a poor auditory comprehension and naming performance. They also showed paraphasia and perseveration. This study focused on improving language expression by a drawing task based on conversation at hand. Ten target words were chosen which were easily drawnable and familiar to the subjects. The results showed that the context-based drawing task was effective on improving the subjects' confrontation naming ability and expressive language ability in terms of explanation of sentences. In addition, the Broca's aphasic showed improved naming ability when the contextual cues were given and he was supposed to spontaneously name words.

• Speech Sciences
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.255-261
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to investigate correlation of auditory development and language development of children with hearing impairment Eighteen subjects with severe or profound hearing loss participated in this study. They were 22-to 55-month-olds who had hearing parents with no additional disabling conditions. The test material was the Meaningful Auditory Integration Scale (MAIS) and MacArthur Communicative Development Inventory-Korea (MCDI-K). A Pearson Correlation Coefficient was determined through a statistical analysis. The results followed as; firstly there was a strong correlation between auditory development and receptive language development. Secondly, there was a strong correlation between receptive language development and expressive language development. Finally, there was a strong correlation between auditory development and education onset time. Therefore, auditory training is important method for auditory rehabilitation and education onset time is important variation for auditory development.

• Speech Sciences
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.225-234
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• 2001

The Korean Metaphonological Assessment, adapted from the Metaphonological Abilities Battery (MAB; Hesketh, 2000b) was administered to examine the development of metaphonological skills of 60 normally developing Korean pre-school children aged from 3 to 6. The tasks were specifically designed to evaluate their skills to detect rhymes, onsets, and segments. A gradual improvement of total scores was observed in children from 3 to 5, with evidence for developmental refinements of metaphonological abilities in the ages of 5 and 6. Subjects were found to develop segmenting skills at a relatively early age and gradually progressed toward detecting onsets and then rhymes. The differences in the order of development from the previous studies with English-speaking children were discussed. This preliminary study also aimed to provide foundational information for investigating the link between expressive phonological impairments, metaphonolgocial skills, and literacy in Korean-speaking children.