• 대한간호학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.633-640
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• 1995

The trends in nursing practice are not disease-oriented approaches but holistic, humanistic approaches such as human touch, which is an easily applied, economic, and efficient intervention. The purposes of this paper were to clarify the meaning of the concept "touch" to define the precise attributes of “touch” which could be a basis for nursing interventions. This study uses Walker & Avant's process of concept analysis. The concept of touch can be defined as follows : Touch is a process of communication and physical contact with intention, which is transfered by tactile senses. Attributes of touch are defined as 1) It is transferred by tactile senses. 2) A process of communication 3) A expressive pathway of emotion 4) It has intention. Antecedents of "touch" consist that 1) the touch provider understands the touch receiver's perception of past experiences of touch : 2) the touch provider is concerned about the touch receiver and comes up to the touch receiver : 3) the touch provider wants to deliver his /her emotions ; 4) the touch receiver needs the ability to differentiate the tactile senses. In regard to the consequences of touch, it is expected to keep the touching action between the touch provider and receiver, to feel empathy, to able to perceive the consumer's needs, to feel comfort, intimacy, trust, and to calm down the physiological variables. That is performing the nursing as a caring science.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.72-79
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• 2009

Due to characteristics of modern society including technological development, various methods engaging interaction between people and manmade environment have become one of the major issues raised in various fields of deign so called interactive design. Interactive design started as the interface between human and computer system, but now expanded to interior design field enhancing spatial experience of users. Now, many corporates are looking into interactive design to bridge the gap between company or brand identity and consumers as marketing tool. The current study investigates interactive concepts and characteristics of corporate participated public spaces and tries to define their design methods according to spatial marketing strategies. Using theoretical inquiry, cultural events and delivery of corporate identity information were defined as two major spatial strategies through cognitive or behavioral approaches. Moreover, digital, constructive, and expressive presentations were found to be most common design methods. Through this theoretical framework, 7 selected samples in Korea are analyzed in order to find detailed design characteristics. It is hoped that this study may serve in understanding current design approaches of interactive corporate public spaces and useful guideline when designing interactive public spaces not only as means of marketing strategies but even for public goods.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.3-34
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• 1994

In this paper we describe a new data modeling language we call $O^{2}LDM$. $O^{2}LDM$ incorporates features from object-oriented and logic approaches. In $O^{2}LDM$ there is a rich collection of objects organized in a type hierarchy. It is possible to compose queries that involve field selection, function application and other constructs which transcend the usual, strictly syntactic, matching of PROLOG. We give the features of $O^{2}LDM$ and motivate its utility for conceptual modeling. We have a prototype implementation for the language, which we have written in ML. In this paper we describe an executable semantics of the deductive process used in the language. We work some examples to illustrate the expressive power of the language, and compare $O^{2}LDM$ to PROLOG.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.279-300
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• 2012

Uncertainty and dynamism surrounding pervasive systems require new and sophisticated approaches to defining, detecting, and handling complex exceptions. This is because the possible erroneous conditions in pervasive systems are more complicated than conditions found in traditional applications. We devised a novel exception description and detection mechanism based on "situation"- a novel extension of context, which allows programmers to devise their own handling routines targeting sophisticated exceptions. This paper introduces the syntax of a language support that empowers the expressiveness of exceptions and their handlers, and suggests an implementation algorithm with a straw man analysis of overhead.

• 영어영문학
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• 제60권2호
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• pp.339-363
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• 2014

This essay reconsiders the subject of Romantic self-consciousness in a post-de Manian perspective. Self-consciousness is an attribute of Romantic lyricism whereby the poetic speaker I remains conscious of how (s)he feels or lives here and now. This self-reflective feature of Romantic poetry has been controversially interpreted either as self-centered solipsism or as self-expressive objectivism. The question is stirring more disputes among Romantic critics after the advent of New Historicism and Feminism. These two historicistic approaches reprove Romantic poetry for a lack of the sense of history and ascribes it to Romantic self-consciousness. They argue that Romantic poets in general displace historical materiality into an object of internal consciousness, so negating absurd social realities "merely to gain their own immortal soul." This essay targets to overcome this negative stance on Romantic self-consciousness with a "subversive" return to Paul de Man's criticism of Romantic internality.

• 한국HCI학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국HCI학회 2007년도 학술대회 1부
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• pp.667-674
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• 2007

Facial expressions provide significant clues about one's emotional state; however, it always has been a great challenge for machine to recognize facial expressions effectively and reliably. In this paper, we report a method of feature-based adaptive motion energy analysis for recognizing facial expression. Our method optimizes the information gain heuristics of ID3 tree and introduces new approaches on (1) facial feature representation, (2) facial feature extraction, and (3) facial feature classification. We use minimal reasonable facial features, suggested by the information gain heuristics of ID3 tree, to represent the geometric face model. For the feature extraction, our method proceeds as follows. Features are first detected and then carefully "selected." Feature "selection" is finding the features with high variability for differentiating features with high variability from the ones with low variability, to effectively estimate the feature's motion pattern. For each facial feature, motion analysis is performed adaptively. That is, each facial feature's motion pattern (from the neutral face to the expressed face) is estimated based on its variability. After the feature extraction is done, the facial expression is classified using the ID3 tree (which is built from the 1728 possible facial expressions) and the test images from the JAFFE database. The proposed method excels and overcomes the problems aroused by previous methods. First of all, it is simple but effective. Our method effectively and reliably estimates the expressive facial features by differentiating features with high variability from the ones with low variability. Second, it is fast by avoiding complicated or time-consuming computations. Rather, it exploits few selected expressive features' motion energy values (acquired from intensity-based threshold). Lastly, our method gives reliable recognition rates with overall recognition rate of 77%. The effectiveness of the proposed method will be demonstrated from the experimental results.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.64-72
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• 2013

본 연구에서는 데이터 시각화 연구의 한 분야인 텍스트 시각화에 대하여 그 시각적 표현의 재료가 되는 텍스트 데이터의 종류 및 본질, 특성에 대하여 고찰하고, 다양한 텍스트 시각화의 사례 연구를 통해 텍스트 데이터의 시각화를 위한 표현적 접근 방식에 대하여 다각적으로 분석하였다. 텍스트 시각화 연구는 컴퓨터의 발달과 방대한 데이터의 공개, 그리고 시각화 툴의 범용화 등의 기류를 타고 급속도로 확산되고 있으며, 이에 따라 공학, 예술, 인문, 사회 등 학제 간 융합 연구를 통해 다양한 작품 또는 연구 성과물로서 창작되고 있다. 그럼에도 불구하고 텍스트 데이터를 비롯한 데이터 시각화에 관한 이론적 고찰과 접근 방식에 대한 체계적 분석은 거의 이루어지지 않고 있는 실정이다. 데이터는 이해와 해석의 대상이며, 가공 및 접근에 따라 무한한 정보와 가능성을 갖는다. 데이터의 중요성이 점차 증가하고 있는 현 시점에서 데이터의 이해와 해석에서 출발하는 텍스트 시각화라는 융합 학문적 연구 분야는 미래 인간 사회에서 데이터가 차지할 위상을 고려할 때, 보다 체계적인 연구와 이론적 축적을 필요로 한다.

• 디자인학연구
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.347-358
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• 2002

건축드로잉이 미래의 지어질 건축을 예상하기 위해 필요한 단순히 기능적인 그래픽이라는 전통적인 개념에서 변화하고 있다. 특히 해체주의 건축가들 사이에서 개성적인 그래픽 요소들은 그들의 자기표현적인 스타일을 실현시키는데 큰 기여를 하고 있다. 오로지 미학적인 이유에서 그래픽이 필요한 경우가 있는 반면에 몇몇 경우는 드로잉이라는 작업 자체가 보다 근본적인 자기탐구과정의 성격을 갖기도 한다. 다니엘 리베스킨트의 건축드로잉이 그러한 경우로서 타이포그래피적 성격은 그의 작업의 큰 특징을 이룬다. 타이포그래피적 요소를 그의 드로잉 전반에 걸쳐서 추상적 상징주의 표현의 메티포로서 즐겨 사용함으로써 보다 본격적인 타이포그래피적 접근을 가능성을 제기한다. 이러한 맥락에서 본 연구는 타이포그래피 요소들이 어떻게 그의 건축드로잉에서 해석될 수 있는가에 주목하고 어떤 상호연관성이 이질적인 두 영역 사이에 개입되는지, 또한 보조적 수단으로서가 아닌 적극적인 역할로서 그의 실제 건축에 반영되는강에 대해서 분석하고자 한다. 더불어 활자 그 자체가 서로 다른 매체를 만나서 상징화 과정이 부여되는 유형적 분류들을 통해서 리베스킨트 건축드로잉의 해석에 대한 다양한 가능성을 제기하고자 한다.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.347-356
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• 2007

The concept of time-space to be seen in the modem society has complex features at the points of scientific, philosophical, artistic, religious point of view. It has been brought up at a points of neo centric religious, philosophical view and then after, phenomenal approach and scientific approach were rendered through Newton and Einstein and so many scholar approaches affected the artistic field significantly. With such visual expression, it has affected the paintings for a long time till the 19th century, and then has affected various fields such as photography, film, video, computer, architecture and has currently affected the various space expressive of our daily lives and virtual space of digital. This study is to extract a visual and expressionistic characteristic through historical examination and multi-scholar analysis of time-space concept. Especially, by expanding the previous time and space concept, experimental cases and expressionistic characteristics has come up on the media art that offers various experience and by analyzing the expressionistic characteristics of the time-space concept expressed in media art, it is to extract the basic factors for the diversity of space experience.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.64-72
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to interpret Korean traditional space as text on the basis of Structuralism. The process of this study is illustrated as follows: At first, this research contains basic concepts and theories of Structuralism and discusses the possibilities of typological approaches in Korean traditional space interpretation. Secondly, As typological structure of traditional space, spacial and visual expressive characteristics in traditional residential space based on traditional thoughts of Koreans formed with inherent consciousness are considered with Hjelmslev's Structuralism and Wonhyo's Whajaeng theory. Finally, This study tries conceptual analysis based on Lacan's Metaphor and Metonymy emerged from unconscious mechanisms about interpretation and induction of the traditional spacial structure for contemporary Application. Structure is a group of elements forming a covariant ensemble. From this point of view, this study validates that texts are understood when methods that bring back to the creative processes and intentions are found by Text Hermeneutics.