• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
• /
• v.24 no.4
• /
• pp.1-13
• /
• 2014

Objectives This study was to investigate the antioxidative capacity, antiobesity effect and anti-diabetes effects of Mori Fructus and dried Mori Fructus in Raw 264.7 cells and 3T3-L1 cells. Methods 3 different types of Mori Fructus extracts (water 100%, ethanol 30%, ethanol 100%) were used in this study. And 3 different types of dried Mori Fructus extracts (water 100%, ethanol 30%, ethanol 100%) were used in this study. Total polyphenol compund, total favonoid compound, DPPH radical scavenging, ROS activity, NO, cell proliferation were measured in the experiment. Expressions of adipogenic transcription factors including $C/EBP-{\alpha}$, $C/EBP-{\beta}$, $PPAR-{\alpha}$, $PPAR-{\gamma}$, $AMPK-{\alpha}$ were analyzed by Real time PCR. Results Mori Fructus extracts measurements are higher than dried Mori Fructus extracts measurements at Total flavonoid compound and total flavonoid compound. Mori Fructus extracts measurements are lower than dried Mori Fructus extracts measurements at DPPH radical scavenging, ROS activity, NO. In RT-PCR analysis, there is a tendency that dried Mori Fructus extracts inhibit the expression of $C/EBP-{\alpha}$, $C/EBP-{\beta}$ genes. In RT-PCR analysis, there is a tendency that dried Mori Fructus extracts promote the expression of $PPAR-{\alpha}$, $PPAR-{\gamma}$, $AMPK-{\alpha}$ genes. Conclusions Mori Fructus is effective on inhibiting the oxidation and dried Mori Fructus is effective on inhibiting the obesity and diabetes.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
• /
• v.60 no.1
• /
• pp.91-100
• /
• 2010

In the rapid development of science, technology, information, cultural industry during the 21st century, hybridity is consistently shown in which different techniques, systems, and sorts in society, industry, culture, and art are combined. The purpose of this study is to analyze the formative characteristics of hybrid make-up that is shown in the field of make-up as a practical art reflecting society and culture of a specific period, to understand the tendencies of modern make-up, and to present data for predicting changes in the future. According to the results of this study, the hybrid characteristics of make-up indicate as follows. First, hybrid make-up at a timely aspect in which senses transcending times by mixed expression of traditional classicism and modernism coexist and mingled, Characteristics of hybrid make-up at a local aspect are shown in one make-up by expressing modern tendencies that break from homogeneity, uniformity, and concentration as interests in other cultures and borrowing them in modern images. Also in modern period, characteristics of hybrid make-up at a cultural aspect are shown by mixed expression of conflicting cultural factors such as modern beauty of cutting-edge technology, female & male, and elegance & activeness in one makeup. Within the multiplex, modern social system in this period of cutting-edge technology, "tendency of hybrid design" as a social, cultural phenomenon is shown to be a complex, new designing tendency due to mixture and deconstruction of various genres. Hybrid make-up, seeking diversification and open-mindedness, is predicted to be consistently developed owing to infinite materials of design, being expected to be stronger and newer in the future.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
• /
• v.17 no.1
• /
• pp.53-62
• /
• 2014

Despite the huge potential of the practical application of emotion recognition technologies, the enhancement of the technologies still remains a challenge mainly due to the difficulty of recognizing emotion. Although not perfect, human emotions can be recognized through human images and sounds. Emotion recognition technologies have been researched by extensive studies that include image-based recognition studies, sound-based studies, and both image and sound-based studies. Studies on emotion recognition through facial expression detection are especially effective as emotions are primarily expressed in human face. However, differences in user environment and their familiarity with the technologies may cause significant disparities and errors. In order to enhance the accuracy of real-time emotion recognition, it is crucial to note a mechanism of understanding and analyzing users' personality traits that contribute to the improvement of emotion recognition. This study focuses on analyzing users' personality traits and its application in the emotion recognition system to reduce errors in emotion recognition through facial expression detection and improve the accuracy of the results. In particular, the study offers a practical solution to users with subtle facial expressions or low degree of emotion expression by providing an enhanced emotion recognition function.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
• /
• v.37 no.4
• /
• pp.655-669
• /
• 2007

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of various diseases. And vitamin C has shown a protective effect for the tissues. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of $H_2O_2$ and ascorbic acid on matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP: TIMP-1, TIMP-2), Type 1 collagen, fibronectin, and PDLs22 level in human periodontal ligament fibroblasts (hPDLF) via reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). hPDLF was obtained from a healthy periodontium and cultured in Dulbecco's modified Eagles's medium plus 10% fetal bone serum. The concentration of ascorbic acid in hPDLF was $50{\mu}g/ml$, and that of $H_2O_2$ in hPDLF was 0.03% and 0.00003%. Ascorbic acid only, $H_2O_2$ only and mixture of ascorbic acid and $H_2O_2$ were applied with hPDLF for 1-, 3-, and 30-min. respectively. The gene expression of MMP-1-, TIMP-1-, TIMP-2-, Type 1 collagen-, fibronectin-, and PDLs22-mRNA in hPDLF was analysed via RT-PCR. The results were as follows; 1. hPDLF in response to 30-min. incubation with 0.03% $H_2O_2$ did not show any gene expression. 2. In all the experimental groups, the gene expression of fibronectin mRNA showed the decreased tendency compared to control. 3. In all the experimental groups, the gene expression of TIMP-1 mRNA showed the tendency similar to control. 4. hPDLF in response to 30-min. incubation with 0.03% $H_2O_2$ and ascorbic acid increased mRNA induction for MMP-1. 5. In all the experimental groups, hPDLF increased mRNA induction for PDLs22, collagen type 1, and TIMP-2 compared to control. Within the limited experiments, $H_2O_2$ and ascorbic acid increased mRNA induction for PDLs22, collagen type 1, TIMP-2 in hPDLF. More research will be needed in order to confirm the relative importance of the different roles of ROS and antioxidants in hPDLF from a periodontal regeneration or repair standpoint.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
• /
• v.30 no.2
• /
• pp.375-390
• /
• 2000

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the expression ofIGF-I, considered as the mediator of action of estrogen, and IGF-IA and IGF-IB, alternative slicing form of IGF-I, using $17{\beta}-estradiol$ in MC3T3-E1 cells. We observed the effect on type I collagen and osteopontin gene expression and DNA synthetic activity of MC3T3-E1 cells, added by estrogen, IGF-I and combination and the interactionon proliferation and differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells. The results were as follows :RT-PCR experiment for observing timedependantIGF-I gene expression patternshowed IGF-IA and IB gene expression in both of control and test group. In these IGF-IA gene expression was appeared predominantly. In control, IGF-I geneexpression level was maintained until 24hr and then decreased gradually. In testgroup, IGF-I gene expression level increased as time goes by. Experiment measuring DNA synthetic activity, as it is added by $17{\beta}-estradiol$, IGF-I and combination, showed that first day , there was the tendency of more increase of synthetic activity in all test group than control but no statical significance(P>0.05), and third day, there was more increase of DNA synthetic activity in $17{\beta}-estradiol$ group and combination group and it was statically significant. (P<0.005) Experiment for observing type I collagen gene expression pattern showed more increase of expression in $17{\beta}-estradiol$ group than control and no significant difference in IGF-I group and combination group. Experiment for observing osteopontin gene expression pattern showed no significant difference in control and test group. In conclusion, $17{\beta}-estradiol$ in MC3T3- E1 cells increased IGF-I gene and DNA synthetic activity simultaneously, therefore it appeared that IGF-I is related to the action of estrogen. Combination treatment of IGF-I and $17{\beta}-estradiol$ has effect on cell proliferation but this effect is lower than IGF-I or $17{\beta}-estradiol$ alone. However, combination treatment has not great effect on type I collagen or osteopontin gene expression thus little effect of cell differentiation.

• Archives of design research
• /
• v.15 no.1
• /
• pp.309-318
• /
• 2002

An expression of image in visual communication design traditionally has a dose relationship with the mechanical part of several expression media. Especially, an image conversion becomes easter by converging various forms of image such as a pictorial expression, a drawing up a plan, an optical expression and a reflected image into digital data in the image expression using digital mode. In addition, synthesis between various forms of visual ,images is activated by the integration of all expression media into digital mode and thus the extent of the image expression becomes diversified. Moreover, there is a tendency that a various dimensional expression such as 3D and 4D is generalized in the image expression of digital design. A partial or whole image conversion has often occurred during the generalization process of several image forms. Such conversion summarized into two factors, a formative side and a technical side. We described the existing pictorial expression as a formative side, an optical expression as a photography, a materialization of image conversion theory of computer graphic image conversion according to data form as a technical side and specific content according to dimension. We summarized objective and demonstrative resets through a simple simulation using a computer for the contents required a technical and qualitative measure and presented an application program of the particular results from the study to the visual communication design work by a case.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
• /
• v.34 no.4
• /
• pp.385-391
• /
• 2014

We use a scale mainly for quantification when we study the psychological characteristics that we cannot observe. The utilization of a scale is frequent in scientific educational studies. The convenience offered by Likert scale, which is among the most frequently used, enable us to grasp characteristic attitude or recognition in students, and evaluate them against an affective domain. But a lot of errors occur, and has been noted as well in the case of utilizing Likert scale in the process. A central tendency in the utilization of Likert scale appears in this study, and the trend analyzes according to study objects and study contents, but we intend to find a way to utilize Likert scale. The results of study made on our countryside students show that the answers tend to get concentrated and a central tendency appears. Our countryside students were aware of the eyes surroundings them, have respect for elders through social experiences, and have had troubles with differentiated expression or personality in the group and cultural environments. According to the object of study, the central tendency appears more among older students than younger students, more among general students than gifted students. In the contents of study, the central tendency has been given more appearance in scope and their exposure has relatively been in large domain. Therefore when utilizing Likert scale in scientific education study, an error of central tendency appears as if they are results of the study. So, when applying the Likert scale to scientific study, we need to consider sociocultural environment, characteristics of an object and contexts of study. This enables avoiding dependence on numerical value of the utilization results, and interpret them correctly.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• v.14 no.9
• /
• pp.5199-5205
• /
• 2013

Background/Aim: The Hippo signaling pathway is a newly discovered and conserved signaling cascade, which regulates organ size control by governing cell proliferation and apoptosis. This study aimed to investigate its effects in human gastric cancer. Methods: Tumor tissues (n=60), adjacent non-tumor tissues (n=60) and normal tissues (n=60) were obtained from the same patients with primary gastric cancer (GC). In addition, 70 samples of chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG) tissues were obtained from patients with intestinal metaplasia (IM) by endoscopic biopsy. Hippo signaling molecules, including Mst1, Lats1, YAP1, TAZ, TEAD1, Oct4 and CDX2, were determined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Protein expression of Mst1, Lats1, YAP1, TEAD1 and CDX2 was assessed by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. Results: Mst1, Lats1 and Oct4 mRNA expression showed an increasing tendency from GC tissues to normal gastric tissues, while the mRNA expression of YAP1, TAZ and TEAD1 was up-regulated (all P<0.01). Mst1 and Lats1 protein expression presented a similar trend with their mRNA expression. In addition, YAP1 and TEAD1 protein expression in GC was significantly higher than in the other groups (all P<0.01). CDX2 mRNA and protein expression in the CAG group were higher than in the other groups (all P<0.01). In GC, mRNA expression of Mst1, Lats1, Oct4, YAP1, TAZ, TEAD1 and CDX2 had a close correlation with lymphatic metastasis and tumor TNM stage (all P<0.01). Furthermore, protein expression of Mst1, Lats1, YAP1, TAZ, TEAD1 and CDX2 had a close correlation between each other (P<0.05). Conclusion: The Hippo signaling pathway is involved in the development, progression and metastasis of human gastric cancer. Therefore, manipulation of Hippo signaling molecules may be a potential therapeutic strategy for gastric cancer.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
• /
• v.16 no.1 s.60
• /
• pp.11-20
• /
• 2007

Modern architecture does a role in terms of connecting traditional and current architecture. In the same time, Which is important part of korean architecture history because of introduction of western architecture. Accordingly, At this meaninglessly going out and leaving of modern architecture, the purpose of this study is systematic researching of 'Cho-sun government-general' interior which is disappeared. I progressed this study to research into the period context at construction of Cho-sun government-general md tendency of architecture and interior at that time. And then understand interior space organization of it. Cho-sun government-general adopted Neo-Baroque style from tendency of that time. Also, showed composite order which is mixed in the Greek temple, the Renaissance and the classic style representing the power. This characteristic is different from current composit order, which is comprehended by our. In order to understand aesthetic value of current straight interior space, It have to be interacted the present and past. But It's averted because it was made in the period of Japanese imperialism. Therefore, We should explore history of interior design that is endowed with sociality and historicity between modern and future interior space as well as current.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Interior Design Conference
• /
• 2007.05a
• /
• pp.264-269
• /
• 2007

Modern architecture does a role in terms of connecting traditional and current architecture. In the same time, Which is important part of korean architecture history because of introduction of western architecture. Accordingly, At this meaninglessly going out and leaving of modern architecture, the purpose of this study is systematic researching of the modern Government Office interior. I progressed this study to research into the period context at construction of the modern Government Office and tendency of architecture and interior at that time. And then understand interior space organization of it. The early modern Government Office adopted Neo-Baroque style from tendency of that time. Also, showed composite order which is mixed in the Greek temple, the Renaissance and the classic style representing the power. But, after late 1920 It adopted Modern Style. This characteristic is different from current composit order, which is comprehended by our. In order to understand aesthetic value of current straight interior space, It have to be interacted the present and past. But It's averted because it was made in the period of Japanese imperialism. Therefore, We should explore history of interior design that is endowed with sociality and historicity between modern and future interior space as well as current.