• Asia-pacific Journal of Multimedia Services Convergent with Art, Humanities, and Sociology
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.369-383
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• 2018

In this paper, suggests a gamification analysis method applied to screen sports. The analysis method is through the process of comparison, collection and application. In the process of comparison, compare the characteristics of actual sports and screen sports and Data collection to complement the differences derived from the comparison process is done during the collection process. Process of application is verify for application status of Gamification. and analyzed of screen golf and screen baseball. The result shows that screen golf couldn't apply walking exercise in the comparison process, and screen baseball couldn't apply exercise elements except batting. During the collection process, driving distance and swing data were used for screen golf, and driving distance, batting average and RBI (runs batted in) data were used for screen baseball. Lastly, it was revealed during the application process that both screen golf and screen baseball provide data to users by using reward, competition and Self-expression elements of gamification. The analysis methods presented in this study can be a method to analyze screen sports, and are expected to be appropriate methods to make screen sports.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.461-470
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• 2023

This paper analyzes the spatial representations constructed by reality, filming, and narrative in the works of Hong Kong film director Wong Kar-wai, and how these spaces influence Hong Kong's urban culture, perception, and interpersonal relationships. To analyze Wong Kar-wai's films, Charles Sanders Peirce's semiotics concepts and Paul Virilio's spatial concepts were applied. Through this, we examined how the meaning embedded in the spatial representations of Wong Kar-wai's films could become a crucial factor in their success. Wong Kar-wai focused on the values of human relationships formed by society in his subject expression, directly representing the human inner world and prompting audiences to think about it. In this paper, we categorized the spaces depicted in Wong Kar-wai's films as public, private, and connective spaces, and analyzed them as a means to show the living environment and emotions of Hong Kong's youth. Through this, we determined that the spatial representations in Wong Kar-wai's films effectively demonstrate the cultural interpretation function of Hong Kong's citizen consciousness at the junction of Eastern and Western cultures and social connections. In conclusion, Wong Kar-wai's works provide a rich understanding of contemporary people's lives, emotions, and urban spaces, offering valuable insights into Hong Kong's film industry and cultural values.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.26 no.1C
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• pp.43-52
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• 2006

Despite several constitutive models have been proposed and applied, it is still difficult to choose a suitable model and to estimate adequate analysis parameters. Furthermore, a cyclic shear behavior under the volume change caused by the seepage is more complex. None of the constitutive model is available at present in the expression of the cyclic behavior of soil under an additional volume change condition by seepage. Therefore, a new geotechnical hybrid simulation system which can control the pore water immigration was developed. The system enables a quantitative evaluation of the residual deformation such as lateral spreading and settlement caused by the liquefaction. The seismic responses in a one-dimensional slightly inclined multilayered soil system are taken into consideration, and the soils are governed by both equation of motion and the continuity equation. Furthermore, the estimation and the selection of the soil parameter for the representation of the strong nonlinearity of the material are not required, because soil behaviors under the earthquake motions are directly introduced instead of a numerical soil constitutive model. This paper presents the concept and specifications of the system. By applying the system to an example problem, the permeability effect on the seismic response during cyclic shear is studied. The importance of the volume change characteristics of sandy soil during and after cyclic shear is shown in conclusion.

• Smart Media Journal
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• v.11 no.7
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• pp.76-84
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• 2022

In Korea, where rice is the staple food, there are many cases in which the nutritional composition of food is different at the same weight, even though the same ingredients are used and the food or food name is the same. The cause is closely related to the moisture content of the food according to the cooking method and cooking process. In order to design a diet tailored to individual health and supply accurate calories and nutrients, a method of expressing food data that is not affected by the cooking process or cooking method is required. Usually, the same ingredients or foods show a lot of deviation from the nutritional components presented in the standard food database due to the difference in moisture content. For this reason, there are problems that increase the complexity of the food ingredient database and the difficulty in using it. As a method to improve these problems, we would like to propose a food data expression method based on dry weight. As an example of this, the characteristics of rice as a food material and changes in major nutritional components according to the change in moisture of various rice-processed foods made from rice were considered. In addition, as an example of how to normalize food data through this, the dry weight-based nutrition label of rice was presented.

• Issues in Feminism
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.49-83
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• 2011

This article explores the characteristics of care and care labor which is core keyword of the welfare state and the way of institutionalization of care labor, focusing specially on differences among women. Caring is defined by the expression of morality and labor accompanied by concrete action. But, care labor in the welfare state is defined by "activities involved in caring for the ill, elderly, handicapped and dependent", and I think, that definition is more useful than the narrow one for policy institutionalization. But the latter definition intentionally separates the domestic work from care work. Care labor is considered to be different from the market labor in terms of motivations, but there are some limits in standardization and commercialization of the traits of emotional and moral engagement. Thus, requiring of emotional motivation as one of the job descriptions is not realistic. Welfare state is institutionalizing women's unpaid care work in family through de-familization, and its policy tools are cash benefits and services for care-related, which influence to the female wage worker and fulltime housewife, care receiver and care giver, and polarization of women's class in a very different way. Cash benefits enhances the division of gender labor, polarizes the care laborer and weakens of expansion the care as decent job. The movement of feminist welfare state have a vision of universal service expansion and need the policy list for de-gendering of care labor.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.1-21
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• 2005

Many researches have argued the most important dimension of perception or evaluation of person is morality and competence in Korean culture. This study was to investigate the cultural characteristics of the criteria of personhood. Two studies were conducted to investigate the criteria used to evaluate person by qualitative approach and the differences of evaluation of wrongdoer who violates interpersonal norm or individual autonomy by experimental method. In addition, anger as emotional response to wrongdoer is conceptualized in terms of moral and self-conscious emotion. Expression of anger is less an outpouring of emotion and more a culturally regulated and normative mode of managing and putting into practice our society's system of rights and obligations - its moral code. According to results of qualitative data by interview and focus group interview, the most important criteria used to evaluate personhood was interpersonal concern, esp, expectation and norm. The results of experiment revealed that violation of interpersonal norm domain evoked angrier towards violator than autonomy domain. The subjects ascribed more blame and responsibility to interpersonal norm violator than autonomy keeper. Also function of behavior inhibition of anger was higher in interpersonal norm domain than autonomy domain.

• BMB Reports
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• v.56 no.10
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• pp.563-568
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• 2023

DNA methylation regulates gene expression and contributes to tumorigenesis in the early stages of cancer. In colorectal cancer (CRC), CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP) is recognized as a distinct subset that is associated with specific molecular and clinical features. In this study, we investigated the genome-wide DNA methylation patterns among patients with CRC. The methylation data of 1 unmatched normal, 142 adjacent normal, and 294 tumor samples were analyzed. We identified 40,003 differentially methylated positions with 6,933 (79.8%) hypermethylated and 16,145 (51.6%) hypomethylated probes in the genic region. Hypermethylated probes were predominantly found in promoter-like regions, CpG islands, and N shore sites; hypomethylated probes were enriched in open-sea regions. CRC tumors were categorized into three CIMP subgroups, with 90 (30.6%) in the CIMP-high (CIMP-H), 115 (39.1%) in the CIMP-low (CIMP-L), and 89 (30.3%) in the non-CIMP group. The CIMP-H group was associated with microsatellite instability-high tumors, hypermethylation of MLH1, older age, and right-sided tumors. Our results showed that genome-wide methylation analyses classified patients with CRC into three subgroups according to CIMP levels, with clinical and molecular features consistent with previous data.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.65 no.4
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• pp.818-837
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• 2023

Understanding adipocyte development in fetus during bovine pregnancy is important for strengthening fattening technology. Additionally, nutritional level of dams during pregnancy has the potential to improve offspring growth and fat development. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the intramuscular adipocyte development and expression level of related genes in bovine fetus, and the effect of increased crude protein (CP) intake during pregnancy on the growth performance and carcass characteristics of male offspring. Eighty six pregnant Hanwoo cows (average body weight, 551.5 ± 51.3 kg, age 5.29 ± 0.61 y) were used. Fetuses were collected at 90, 180 and 270 d of gestation from 18 pregnant Hanwoo cows. The remaining 68 pregnant cows were randomly assigned to 2 feeding groups. The control (CON) group was provided the standard protein diet (n = 34), and treatment (TRT) group was provided a diet with a 5% increase in CP intake (n = 34). Male offspring were divided into two groups according to protein treatment of the pregnant cows: CON male offspring (CON-O) and TRT male offspring (TRT-O). Intramuscular adipocytes were found in the fetal skeletal muscle after 180 days of gestation. Male calf's birth weight increased in the TRT group compared to that in the CON group (p < 0.002). The final body weight (p < 0.003) and average daily gain (p < 0.019) of male offspring were significantly higher in TRT-O than in CON-O. The feed conversion ratio was also improved by 10.5% in TRT-O compared to that in CON-O (p < 0.026). Carcass weight was significantly higher in the TRT-O group than that in the CON-O group (p < 0.003), and back fat was thicker in the TRT-O group (p = 0.07). The gross receipts and net income were higher in TRT-O than in CON-O (p < 0.04). Thus, fetal intramuscular fat can be formed from the mid-gestation period, and increased CP intake during pregnancy can increase net income by improving the growth and carcass weight of male offspring rather than intramuscular fat.

• The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.22-40
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• 2009

Detailed bathymetry and magnetic survey data for NW Rota-1 and Esmeralda Bank obtained by R/V Onnuri of Korea Ocean Research & Development Institute in September 2007 were analyzed to investigate bathymetry and magnetic characteristics of the study area and to estimate the locations of possible hydrothermal vents. The shape of NW Rota-1 is corn type, and the depth of the summit is about 500 meter b.s.l. NW Rota-1 shows irregular topographic expression in the southeastern part. The shape of Esmeralda Bank is caldera type opened in the western part. The summit is very shallow, about 50 meter b.s.l. The western part of Esmeralda Bank is more steeper and topographic irregular than the eastern part, and have the valley made by erosion or collapse. The magnetic anomaly patterns of NW Rota-1 and Esmeralda Bank show low anomalies over the north and high anomalies over the south. The magnetic anomalies are steep over the summits and gently smooth over the deep bottom. The low magnetization zone occurs over the summit of NW Rota-1 and is surrounded by the high zones correlated with its crater. Two low magnetization zones are located in the summit and westside of Esmeralda Bank. The low magnetization zones of the summits of NW Rota-1 and Esmeralda Bank suggest the possible existence of hydrothermal vent.

• International Journal of Stem Cells
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.281-292
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• 2023

Background and Objectives: Human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived cardiomyocyte (CM) hold great promise as a cellular source of CM for cardiac function restoration in ischemic heart disease. However, the use of animal-derived xenogeneic substances during the biomanufacturing of hiPSC-CM can induce inadvertent immune responses or chronic inflammation, followed by tumorigenicity. In this study, we aimed to reveal the effects of xenogeneic substances on the functional properties and potential immunogenicity of hiPSC-CM during differentiation, demonstrating the quality and safety of hiPSC-based cell therapy. Methods and Results: We successfully generated hiPSC-CM in the presence and absence of xenogeneic substances (xeno-containing (XC) and xeno-free (XF) conditions, respectively), and compared their characteristics, including the contractile functions and glycan profiles. Compared to XC-hiPSC-CM, XF-hiPSC-CM showed early onset of myocyte contractile beating and maturation, with a high expression of cardiac lineage-specific genes (ACTC1, TNNT2, and RYR2) by using MEA and RT-qPCR. We quantified N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc), a xenogeneic sialic acid, in hiPSC-CM using an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and liquid chromatography-multiple reaction monitoring-mass spectrometry. Neu5Gc was incorporated into the glycans of hiPSC-CM during xeno-containing differentiation, whereas it was barely detected in XF-hiPSC-CM. Conclusions: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to show that the electrophysiological function and glycan profiles of hiPSC-CM can be affected by the presence of xenogeneic substances during their differentiation and maturation. To ensure quality control and safety in hiPSC-based cell therapy, xenogeneic substances should be excluded from the biomanufacturing process.