• The Journal of Korean Society for School & Community Health Education
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.75-91
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• 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this article is to clearly describe research trends on health life expectancy using oral health indicators that have been published from 2010 to 2020 then suggest the direction of future research. Methods: Online academic databases in English (PubMed, Web of Science and Embase) were used to find those articles by applying a variety of keywords, including terms (adjusted life year, adjusted life expectancy, dental and oral). We identified relevant articles based on the following classification method of Mathers: (1) health gaps, (2) health expectancies. Results: Among 1,728 articles from the online databases, the final 13 studies satisfied the inclusion criteria and were selected for analysis. Health life expectancy studies indicate that research growth was recently achieved overseas. Among the literature collected in this study, 10 studies using health gap indicators yielded seven Disability-Adjusted Life Year (DALY), and three calculated Quality-Adjusted Life Year (QALY), which differed in the nature of the survey data used in the study measuring DALY and QALY. There are only three health expectancies and the number of papers were smaller than the health gap study. Conclusion: Establishing a foundation to calculate health life expectancy indicators through the development and improvement of oral health level are needed. More studies in the area of health life expectancy estimation research is based on actual prevalence and oral health-related quality of life are also needed.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.891-903
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to identify relationships among peer pressure, parental supervision, alcohol expectancy and adolescent drinking behaviors between year 2001 and 2006. Three hundred high school students were given questionnaires each year on their drinking behavior. Findings of this study were; first, a adolescent drinking and the amount drinking has increased during the years. adolescent drinker ratio as adolescent drinkers were 91.3% in 2006 compared to 75.9% in 2001. The average drinking amounts were 40.82 units in 2006 and 24.9 units in 2001. Second, differences were found in adolescent drinking behaviors such as the amount of alcohol consumption, drinking frequency, & problem drinker ratio by gender, and grade. Male students over female students. Third, peer pressure, parental supervision, alcohol expectancy showed significant impacts on adolescent drinking behaviors through 2001 and 2006. Students who lack parental supervision with much higher drinking-related peer pressure along with a higher level of positive alcohol expectancy were observed to be heavy drinkers and problem drinkers. Especially, students who showed belief in alcohol's tension-relieving function and sociability function tended to over-drink, drink more frequently and as a result, experienced more drinking problems. Intervention strategies were discussed.

• Korea journal of population studies
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.53-66
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• 1986

This study was carried out to determine the mortality level and it's related demographic factors in Korea since 1942. In order to clarify the changes in structure of mortality and the causes of death, the indices such as Crude Death Rate(CDR) or Life Expectancy at Birth were used. The author examined the mortality levels and major causes of death and performed the relevant demographic analysis. The followings are the summary of this study: 1. The CDR declined rapidly till 1960's. Such improvement slowed down from 1960's to mid 1970's and stabilized afterwards. It was due to the change of age composition, namely, the increase of aging population. 2. The Life Expectancy at Birth increased rapidly till mid 1960's. But elongation of the Life Expectancy slowed down after then. Especially in female, it slowed down more. 3. Changing patterns of major causes of death summarize that, till 1960's infectious diseases were major causes of death, but recently non-infectious diseases like chronic degenerative diseases became more prevalent. 4. The elongation of Life Expectancy at Birth till mid 1960's was mainly resulted by $_4{q}_1$. But the major contributing factor of the improvement in Life Expectancy at Birth in female is he reduction of $_$\infty${q}_{50}$ recently. In male, the improvement in Life Expectancy at Birth is due to the reduction of $_1{q}_0$. recently. 5. The age-sex-specific mortality rates revealed that $_n{q}_x$ declined in common throughout the period, even though there exists some variability of their ranges as age changes. Consequently, this study seems to suggest that the demographic transition in Korea occurred between late 1960's and early 1970's. In other words, the rapid change before late 1960's was eased in early 1970's. The slow change in this period caused a stabilizing pattern. Therefore, the population change is expected to be stabilized continuously.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.119-138
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to examine the intention of consumer acceptance of technology in agricultural production by applying the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT) to smart farm. In particular, this study analyzed the intention to accept the technology of agricultural students, farmers, start-up farmers, returning farmers, and returnees in the general manufacturing industry and high-tech industries, and in agricultural sectors corresponding to primary industries. The results showed that performance expectancy, social influence, facilitating conditions, IT development level, and reliability had a significant influence on the intention to use smart farm technology. However, effort expectancy and price value were rejected because no significant impact on use intention was tested. In addition, the influences of the variables showing their influence were reliability (β=.569) > IT development level (β=.252) > social influence (β=.235) > performance expectancy (β=.182) > facilitating conditions (β=.134).

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.75-86
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• 2022

Purpose: This research aims to provide empirical evidence on the impact of digital literacy on behavioural intention regarding using technology for distribution of higher education. Design, Methodology, and Approach: Quantitative analysis was carried out using Covariance-Based Structural Equation Model with data collected from 901 students who fully experienced 2-year study online at different universities in Vietnam. The structural model was built with digital literacy as the primary indicator and other variables were included based on modified version of Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT2) by adopting performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, habit, and hedonic motivation variables specifically for education sector. Self-efficacy was added to eliminate possible bias in technology acceptance. Results: From the results of model estimation, digital literacy presented positive impact on the online distribution of higher education in Vietnam. The mediating effects of various indicators such as performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, habit, hedonic motivation, and self-efficacy are significantly determined by research model. Conclusion: The higher level of digital literacy of the students, the more likely that they will use technology in higher education study, especially online learning. Additionally, the mediating effects of indicators from the UTAUT2 theoretical model were also evident to be positively significant.

• Korea journal of population studies
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.46-67
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• 1985

In this paper, an attempt has been made to examine the pattern of mortality in Korea during 1970~80. By applying the age-sex specific mortality rates quoted from 1978~79 life tables for Korea published by NBOS, EPB to those of the West pattern of regional model life tables and the far eastern pattern of model life tables for developing countries, life expectancy at birth were calculated. Also the author reviewed the trends of death rates, life expectancy and cause of death using vital registration data and other materials. Summarized results are as follows; 1. Crude death rates in Korea was reduced to one fifth in the 1983 compared to that in 1920's. Life expectancy also improved to almost double in 1985 compared to 1920's. But the difference in the life expectancy between male and female increased during that period and it was recorded as 6.4 years in 1985. This discrepancy was mainly due to the different tempo of decreasing in mortality level by sex, particularly, for the age 40 and above. 2. For the pattern of mortality in Korea, it showed that female mortality could accounted closer to the West pattern model life tables. There were high similarity between actual pattern prevalent in Korea and West pattern. And its coefficient of variance was also very low. However for the case of male, it was difficult to find the exact model life tables for explaining the actual situation on the male mortality pattern which means exist considerable dissimilarity in older ages. The Far eastern pattern of U.N. model life tables show better results than West pattern, however, the deviation of the pattern to actual was severe. Also in Far eastern pattern, high coefficient of variance was existed. Furthermore it was found in the paper that the mortality level of Korean male for the age 40 and above were much higher than that of Far eastern pattern which was reflected the high mortality of the male adult in Far east region. 3. The analysis of cause of death showed that circulatory disease such as cerebrovascular disease and hypertensive disease accounted for the leading cause of death in Korea for the age 40 and above. There should he paid special attention to chronic retrogressive diseases for the older age groups. For younger age groups, injury and poisoning were reported as important cause of death.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.199-211
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• 2021

This study analyzed the factors that influence the domestic SMEs that have introduced smart factories on their intention to accept at a higher level for qualitative advancement. 375 copies collected through an online survey were analyzed using SPSS and AMOS with UTAUT and the extended two-stage information system continuous model. Performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, and facilitating conditions have a statistically significant effect on user satisfaction and user satisfaction and CEO's will have an effect on the intention to accept the advancement. However, the suppliers' technology didn't have a direct effect on the advancement acceptance intention and user satisfaction has a mediating effect between performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, facilitating conditions and the advancement acceptance intention. SME's advancement for smart factory, it is important to improve the satisfaction level and the CEO's will to become smart.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.37-58
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• 2010

This study analyzes appropriate government policy frameworks for promoting IPTV industry by studying the way of adoption and diffusion of IPTV services. Until recently, most researches on government policies for technology adoption have focused on the personal context. This research adopts two theories, i.e., innovation characteristics theory for personal context and implementation process theory for organizational context. It also hypothesizes that the innovation characteristics more influence on the behavioral intention for usage new media in the level of personal innovativeness is high. Moreover, in the level of expectancy for diffusion policy is high, the implementation of IPTV services more influences on the behavioral intention. The results by statistical analysis, it is found that the higher the level of personal innovativeness is, and the higher the level of expectancy for diffusion policy is, the more behavioral intention will be influenced by the characteristics of innovation and implementation of IPTV service. Thus it is important for government agencies to find the way to facilitate personal innovativeness as well as expectancy for diffusion policy.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.38 no.10
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• pp.181-197
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• 2000

The purposes of this study were to compare financial status of home-based family business with that of ensile family business, and to analyze the factors effected on financial status of both business groups. The sample consisted of 295 home-based family business and 418 ensile family business among self-employed household of 1998 Korea Household Panel Data, and analyzed into Frequencies, Percentile, t-test, $\chi$$^2$-test and Regression. The findings were as follows: First, in case of financial status of household, there was no significant difference between home-based family business and ensile family business. Second, in case of financial status of business, total sales amount and net profit of home-based family business were lower than those of onsite family business, however net profit to total sales ratio of home-based family business was higher than those of onsite family business. Third, the factors contributing to total expenditure to total income ratio of home-based family business were business owner's present economic perception, future economic expectancy and residence, while business owner's age, the number of children and of tamer, and residence were significant variables contributing to same ratio of onsite family business. The factors contributing to total asset to total debt ratio of home-based family business was only business owner's future economic expectancy, however factors affected on the counterpart were business owler's future economic expectancy and job type of family business. Fourth, the variables of sex, age, educational level of family business owner, job type and family type of family business were associated with net profit to total sales ratio of home-based family business, and sex, educational level of family business owner, job type of family business, and the number of employees were related to same ratio of the counterpart. In addition, educational level of family business owner, job type and residence were related with total sales to the number of employees ratio of home-based family business, and educational level of family business owner and job tape of family business were related to same ratio of ensile family business.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.200-212
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to examine the motivational factors of university graduates participating in 'Youth Technology Transfer Specialist Training Project(Youth TLO)' by applying Vroom's expectancy theory. Moreover, it is verified that the effect of actual participation behavior and individual performance improvement for the university graduates in Gyeonggi-do, Busan regions. The motivation factors were consisted of valence, instrumentality, and expectancy. An empirical analysis was conducted of the effects on the verification of the demographic characteristics of the target, the behaviour of personal business participation in the Valence and Force model, and the improvement of performance. Three results were inferred from 322 collected data as follows; First, comparative analysis about expectancy, which related to work experience, according to demographic characteristics such as gender, residence, age, and employment period revealed no significant differences in mean value, except career duration. Especially, the university graduates in 'Youth TLO' who had internship experience had the highest level of recognition for the expectancy. Second, both of valence and force model had influence on participation behavior and performance improvement. Notably, determination of coefficient for the valence model were higher than those for the force model. Third, level of mediation effects for the valence model were higher than those for the force model in respect of direct, indirect, and the total. Moreover, it was verified that the three motivation factors could improve individual performance and participation behavior had partial mediation effect.