• 폴리머
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.160-167
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• 2007

이 논문은 하나의 좌표축과 하나의 종횡비$(\rho_\alpha=a_1/a_3)$를 갖는 2차원적 형태의 섬유 형태$(a_1>a_2=a_3)$ 그리고 디스크 형태$(a_1=a_2>a_3)$의 충전제의 기하학적 형상에 따른 복합체의 열팽창 계수의 변화를 예측하기 위한 모델을 제시한다. 분석은 Eshelby의 equivalent 텐서의 일반적인 접근과 Lee와 Paul의 접근 방식을 이용하여 이미 개발된 탄성 모듈러스의 전개 과정을 따른다. 배열된 등방성 충전제를 포함하는 복합체의 열팽창 계수의 영향이 종횡비에 따라 조사되었다. 이 모델은 복합체를 해석하기 위해서 한쪽 방향으로 배열된 충전제이어야 하며, 균일한 물성의 기지재와 충전제가 완전한 결합을 하고 있다는 가정 하에서 연구된다. 복합체의 열팽창 계수는 배열된 종단방향$(\alpha_{11})$과 횡단방향$(\alpha_{33})$으로 조사되었다. Chow와 Tandon 그리고 Weng이 발표한 에폭시 수지와 유리 섬유의 복합체의 재료특성 데이터로부터 종횡비에 따른 열팽창 값을 얻을 수 있었다. 종횡비가 증가함에 따라 길이 방향의 열팽창 계수 $\alpha_{11}$는 감소하여 충전제의 열팽창 계수에 접근한다. 그러나, 횡단방향의 열팽창 계수 $\alpha_{33}$는 증가 또는 감소하는 경향을 보인다. 충전제의 함량이 증가함에 따라 복합체의 열팽창 계수는 감소하여 충전제의 열팽창 계수에 수렴한다.

• 대한기계학회논문집
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.670-680
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• 1994

The thermophysical properties of Non-Newtonian fluid as the function of the temperature and the concentration are needed in many rheological heat transfer and fluid mechanics problems. The present work investigated the effects of the concentration and the temperature on the thermophysical properties of purely-viscous Non-Newtonian fluids such as the isobaric thermal expansion coefficient, density, zero-shear-rate viscosity, and zero-shear-rate dynamic viscosity within the experimental temperature range from $25^{\circ}C$ to $55^{\circ}C$. The densities of the test fluids were determined as the function of the temperature by utilizing a reference density and the least square equation for the measured isobaric thermal expansion coefficient. As the concentration of purely-viscous Non-Newtonian fluid was increased up to 10,000 wppm, the densities were proportionally increased up to 0.4%. The zero-shear-rate viscosities of test fluids were measured before and after the measurements of the first thermal expansion coefficients and the densities of Non-Newtonian fluid. Even though they were changed up to approximately 22% due to thermal aging and cycling, they had no effects on the thermal expansion coefficients and the densities of Non-Newtonian fluid. The zero-shear-rate dynamic viscosities for purely-viscous Non-Newtonian fluids were compared with the values for distilled water. They showed the similar trend with the zero-shear-rate viscosities due to small differences in the densities for both distilled water and purely-viscous Non-Newtonian fluid.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.171-182
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• 1995

Five eucryptite and ten spodumene compositional powders were syntehsized from three sillimanite group, two kaolin group, and five pyrophyllite group silicate minerals. Those powders were isotatically pressed and fired at 1200~135$0^{\circ}C$ for 2 hrs, and then the sintered bodies were characterized. Silicate minerals with molar ratio of Al2O3 to SiO2 correspond to those of eucryptite and spodumene are kaolin and pyrophyllite group silicate minerals, respectively. Sintering characteristics of eucryptite from kaolin group and spodumene from pyrophyllite group mineral were superior to those from other silicate minerals. Eucryptite sintered bodies with 95~97% relative densities and densified microstructures can be obtained using Hadong pink kaolin as starting materials by sintering over broad temperature zone(1250~135$0^{\circ}C$). The eucryptite sintered bodies which were fired at 130$0^{\circ}C$ for 2hrs, from Hadong pink kaolin had within 3.0wt% microstructural compositional variations compaired with stoichiometric compound, and had good negative thermal expansiion property with -3.55$\times$10-6/$^{\circ}C$ thermal expansion coefficient. Spodumene sintered bodies which were prepared from pyrophyllite group silicate minerals, had dense microstructures and high densities by densification through liquid phase sintering with enlarged temperature range. The specimens which were fired at 130$0^{\circ}C$ for 2 hrs from Gusipyrophillite, had dense microstructure with crystallines mainly, and low thermal expansion property with 0.62$\times$10-6/$^{\circ}C$ thermal expansion coefficient. The porous texture and residual glass phase in LAS system ceramics which were prepared from silicate minerals, tend to increase the thermal expansion properties of sintered bodies to positive direction.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제24권10호
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• pp.2552-2559
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• 2000

Most of ferrous b.c.c weld materials have martensitic transformation during rapid cooling after welding. It is well known that volume expansion due to the phase transformation could influence on the relaxation of welding residual stress. To apply this effect practically, it is necessary to establish a numerical model which is able to estimate the effect of phase transformation on residual stress relaxation quantitatively. For this purpose, the analysis is carried out in two regions, i.e., heating and cooling, because the variation of material properties following a phase transformation in cooling is different in comparison with the case in heating, even at the same temperature. The variation of material properties following phase transformation is considered by the adjustment of specific heat and thermal expansion coefficient, and the distribution of residual stress in analysis is compared with that of experiment by previous study. In this study, simplified numerical procedures considering phase transformation, which based on a commercial finite element package was established through comparing with the experimental data of residual stress distribution by other researcher. To consider the phase transformation effect on residual stress relaxation, the transition of mechanical and thermal property such as thermal expansion coefficient and specific heat capacity was found by try and error method in this analysis. In addition to, since the transformation temperature changes by the kind and control of alloying elements, the steel with many kinds of transformation temperature were selected and the effect of transformation on stress releasement was investigated by the numerical procedures considering phase transformation.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제37권5호
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• pp.657-664
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• 2013

에폭시 수지에 다중벽 탄소나노튜브를 첨가하여 초음파 처리와 전단혼합 방법으로 분산시켜 다중벽 탄소나노튜브로 강화된 에폭시 복합재료를 제조하였으며, 에폭시 수지 내 다중벽 탄소나노튜브의 분산 적정성을 판단하고 기계적 및 열적 물성을 고찰하였다. 충전재 분산에 대한 평가를 위해 정성적인 방법으로 주사전자현미경(scanning electron microscope, SEM) 이미지를 사용하였고, 정량적인 판단을 위해 인장실험을 실시하였다. 또한, 열적 특성을 평가하기 위해 열팽창계수(coefficient of thermal expansion, CTE)를 측정하였다. 주사전자현미경 사진 및 인장 강도와 영률(Young's modulus)의 작은 편차를 통해서 다중벽 탄소나노튜브가 에폭시 수지 내에 적절히 분산되었음을 확인하였다. 충전재 함량에 따라 인장 강도와 영률이 증가함을 보였고 열팽창계수 측정에서는 열안정성 개선을 고찰하였다.

• 한국소성가공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소성가공학회 2008년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.359-362
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• 2008

In this study, friction test was proposed to obtain coefficient of friction between tube and die in expansion zone of tube hydroforming and friction coefficients were evaluated at different materials, viscosity of lubricants and internal pressures. For this study, STKM11A and SUS tubes were prepared. The tube was expanded by an internal pressure against the tool wall. The tube was expanded by an internal pressure against the tool wall. By pushing the tube through the tool, a friction force at the contact surface between the tube and the tool occurs. From the measured geometries and FE analysis, the friction coefficients between tube and die at the expansion zone in tubular hydroforming can be estimated. The effects of the various internal pressures, viscosity of lubricants, tube materials and tube thickness on friction coefficients are discussed.

• 대한기계학회논문집
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• 제17권10호
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• pp.2407-2417
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• 1993

Thermal deformations and stresses due to temperature changes are the serious problems in cryogenic structures such as the torque tube in a superconducting generator, In this paper, the equations of thermal expansion coefficients expressed only by material properties and winding angles are derived for the filament wound composite tubes. The experimental results of thermal contraction of CFRP tubes are compared with those from theoretical approach. Composite tubes with optimally regulated thermal expansion coefficient are designed on the basis of the study for the torque tube in the superconducting generator with temperature distributions varying from 300K to 4.2 K. The filament winding angle of composites resisting thermal stresses properly is sought by the finite element method using layered shell elements. The results show that the composite tubes designed for the requirements in cryogenic environments can effectively cope with the thermal stress problem.

• 한국주조공학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.80-88
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• 1989

SGCI(Spheroidal Graphite Cast Iron), CVGCI(CV Graphite Cast Iron) and FGCI(Flake Graphite Cast Iron) having different contents of Mn($0.25%{\sim}0.85%$) and Ni($0.3%{\sim}1.2%$) were produced, respectively. The thermal expansion and thermal conductivity of the cast iron were investigated in the temperature range of $50^{\circ}C{\sim}300^{\circ}C$. As the graphite nodularity of the cast iron increases, thermal expansion coefficient increases, thermal conductivity and electrical conductivity to thermal conductivity ratio decrease. The thermal expansion coefficient of the cast iron increases with increasing Mn content and decreases with increasing Ni content. The thermal conductivity of the cast iron decreases with increasing Mn and Ni contents.

• 지질공학
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.269-278
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• 2001

MD 시뮬레이션을 이용하여 $\alpha$-quartz, 백운모, 조장석의 열팽창계수를 산정하였다. MD 시뮬레이션에서 가장 중요한 포텐셜 함수로는 부분이온성 두입자간 포텐셜을 이용하였다. 열팽창계수는 격자구조의 온도에 따라 변화를 NPT-ensemble 시뮬레이션을 통하여 계산하여 산정하였으며 그 결과를 실험결과와 비교하였다. 시뮬레이션을 통하여 산정된 열팽창계수는 시험결과와 잘 일치하고 있으며, 유효한 수준의 결과를 보이고 있다.

• 한국산업융합학회 논문집
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.307-313
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• 2021

In this study, the comparative analysis, among the design standard value of distribution power, the calculated value from the measurement data of strand and the empirical data of the distribution line itself, have been performed for the elastic coefficients and linear expansion coefficients of distribution line conductors. The empirical values of elastic coefficients were lower about 10.6%(892kgf/mm²) than those of the design standard value of the distribution power and there were a little difference between the empirical values of linear expansion coefficients and the design standard value of the distribution power. From the above results, it could be concluded that the empirical values of conductor characteristics should be used in the dip design and installation of distribution line.