• Weed & Turfgrass Science
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.206-214
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• 2014

Numerous cases have been reported of naturalization by exotic ornamental plants. To obtain basic data about how those plants affect the ecosystems of Korea, we compiled a list of 78 species categorized as ornamentals from 309 naturalized species in Korea and analyzed their life forms, origin, and their current global status of naturalization and regulation. Plants belonging to Compositae comprised the largest group, with 23 species. In all, 75 species were considered herbaceous, and perennial species out-numbered annuals and biennials. Most species originated from Europe and North America. Except for Houttuynia cordata, the other 77 species were naturalized in other countries as well. Furthermore, 34 species, including Aster pilosus and Solidago altissima, have been subject to legal restrictions or classified as alert species in Korea or other countries. Therefore, monitoring may be required to prevent spread of those species, especially for species which have not been managed under domestic law up to now.

• Journal of Radiation Industry
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.119-126
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• 2015

In Shinjeong-dong of Jeongeup, there are three government-supported research institutes and an RFT industrial complex which is currently being established. Increased human activities can affect flora and fauna as a man-made pressure onto the region. As a baseline study, status of exotic plants was investigated prior to a full operation of the RFT industrial complex. A total of 54 species and 1 variety of naturalized or introduced plants were found in the study area. Among them, three species (Ambrosia artemisifolia var. elatior, Rumex acetocella and Aster pilosus) belong to 'nuisance species', and four species(Phytolacca americana, Iopomoea hederacea, Ereechtites hieracifolia and Rudbeckia laciniata) to 'monitor species' designated by the ministry of Environment. Some of naturalized trees and plants were intentionally introduced in this area, while others naturally immigrated. Physalis angulata seemes to immigrate in the study area in the form of mixture with animal feeds as its distribution coincided with the transportation route of the animal feeds. Liquidambar styraciflua is amenable to the ecological investigation on the possible expansion of the species to the nearby Naejang National Park as its leave shape and autumn color are very similar to those of maple trees. The number of naturalized plants around the RFT industrial complex will increase with an increase in floating population, in human activities in association with constructions of factories and operations of the complex. The result of this study provides baseline data for assessing the ecological change of the region according to the operation of the RFT industrial complex.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.52 no.1
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• pp.9-12
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• 2019

The red-eared slider (Trachemys scripta elegans) is the one of the most popular pets, and the most commonly traded species in the world. It is designated as an ecosystem disturbance species that has been managed in South Korea. To date, no reports of natural or anthropogenic migration and spreading of T. s. elegans in South Korea are available. In the present study, we estimated the expected route and the movable path of one female T. s. elegans found in Namsan-myun, Gyeongsan-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do. Based on the movable path, the potential destination of the female turtle was estimated to be about 282 m and 468 m away. Therefore, the moving distance of the red-eared slider to the nearest water system will be at least 606 m and at most 792 m. Our results provide the first evidence about the natural migration and spreading of exotic turtles. This study can serve as a basis for the management and countermeasures against the introduced of T. s. elegans and other exotic species in South Korea.

• New Physics: Sae Mulli
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• v.68 no.11
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• pp.1262-1267
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• 2018

We introduce a new method to construct wormholes without adopting exotic matters in Einstein-Born-Infeld gravity with a negative cosmological constant. Contrary to the conventional method, the throat of the wormhole is located at the point where the metric solutions are joined smoothly. Thus, exotic matters are not needed to sustain the throat. We consider the behavior of a minimally coupled scalar field to study the stability of the new wormhole. If we define the quasinormal mode of the scalar field as the purely ingoing flux at the throat of the wormhole, the stability of wormhole can be discussed in analogy with the argument that we use for the stability of a black hole. Because an analytic solution can not be found, we suggest a formalism to find quasinormal modes numerically. The crucial difference from the black hole case is that the coefficient of the second-order derivative term of the radial equation is expanded from n = -1, which is contrary to the black hole case where it is expanded from n = 0.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Information Technology
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• v.17 no.12
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• pp.81-92
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• 2019

Weeds are a major object which is very harmful to crops. To remove the weeds effectively, we have to classify them accurately and use herbicides. As computing technology has developed, image-based machine learning methods have been studied in this field, specially convolutional neural network(CNN) based models have shown good performance in public image dataset. However, CNN with numerous training parameters and high computational amount. Thus, it works under high hardware condition of expensive GPUs in real application. To solve these problems, in this paper, a hierarchical architecture based deep-learning model is proposed. The experimental results show that the proposed model successfully classify 21 species of the exotic weeds. That is, the model achieve 97.2612% accuracy with a small number of parameters. Our proposed model with a few parameters is expected to be applicable to actual application of network based classification services.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.365-380
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• 2017

Rapid changes in the flora of exotic species are ecological problems that cause the alteration of national and regional biota. The purpose of this study is to identify the reality of neophyte flora currently inhabiting in Korea. Having analyzed a total of 151 studies published up until 2016, we found the qualitative and quantitative gaps among the preceding studies due to the lack of rigorousness on the application of the spatial and temporal level of exotic species and academic terminology. In this study, the neophyte is defined as the flora introduced temporarily after the Enlightenment in Korea (late 19th century) and spatially in the Eastern Asiatic Province of the Takhtajan's floral region instead of a country boundary. A total of 326 taxa of 184 genera of 39 families were identified and analyzed for their distributional origin and habitat characteristics. Approximately 87% (285 taxa) was a component of the single-layered herb vegetation, and a total of 211 taxa originated from Europe and North America which are the same temperate biome as Korea. The wetland vegetation components were much fewer with 21 taxa, but they included a large number of invasive alien species that caused critical deterioration in the habitat structure and function of aquatic ecosystems. Ecological approaches to exotic species categories such as Ephemerophyten and Apophyten have emerged.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.506-515
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• 2009

This study was carried out to investigate the distribution status and UI(urbanization index) of the naturalized plants and exotic plants. For this purpose 7 cities and counties in the northern South Jeolla Province were selected and investigations were conducted on a total of 14 sites, two sites from each city or county, during the period of March to November 2006. The exotic plants were identified as 111 taxa; 26 families, 79 genera, 105 species, and 6 varieties. As for urbanization index, Hampyeong County had the highest level of urbanization(21.95%) and Gokseong County the lowest level of urbanization(16.38%). Naturalized plants classified as family were as follows: Compositae was 36 kinds(32.43%) Graminae 17 kinds(15.31%) and Leguminosae 7 kinds(6.31%). Major communities of naturalized plants consisted of 21 communities including Robinia pseudoacacia-Amorpha fruticosa community, Erigeron annuus community, Erigeron canadensis community etc. Invasive naturalized plants consisted of 7 taxa: Paspalum disticum var. indutum, Paspalum distichum, Rumex acetocella, Solanum carolinense, Aster pilosus, Ambrosia artemisiifolia var. elatior and Ambrosia trifida. The study shows that the integrated management of exotic plants on a national scale is needed. It also recommend that a systematic and integrated management of exotic plants in the northern South Jeolla Province is crucial to preserve and protect natural species.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.18
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• pp.291-306
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• 1992

From the mid-1980s '91s, remarkable Ethnicism and Primitivism in the Europe fashion trend could be represented as an exotic taste longing for secenery and emotion of non-europe area in the West. These phenomenon could be found out in connection with Acculturation, which means when two different cultures or more were contacted they were identified or merged in process of diffusion and change of them. This point of view was the culture anthropologic one that make a comparison and analysis of sameness and difference between cultures. The purpose of this study was to illuminate exotic taste represented in costume in the cluture-anthroplogic aspect, to compare with beauty of costume that each culture of costume and the meaning of the times due to those differences. an aspect of the exotic taste and character in the western costume that was inspected by dividing into 'Primitivism', 'Oriental element' and 'the element of a national costume in the East European bloc ' were as follows; First, Primitivism had something in common with what was pursued in the trend of Modern Art, through the late 19th century to the early 20th century. In fashion fettered by technique, the creation expressed in a free was and showed simple beauty of costume. At the same time, pure emotion expression, creative power and witty strong expression give the cognition of transcendency breaking the routine and the cognition of complexity of an included conception. Those are garments showing not only the primitive thought and mysticism but a fancy, an abstraction, and a life. Colors and accessaries which described nature and matched simple costume composition to the expression of various material or patterns transmitted the image of the primitive strongly. Second, "Drental element" which had an effect on western custome historically in a long time had outstanding luxurios adornmental beauty of custome. Extending from the Arab stated India, China, Korea, Japan, each national costume with a gay national culture became one of motif. Various ornamental factors expressed on Trapez Line, Sime Line and Drape, or Raied style, which did not restrict the body. Those were not only functional Easy Look, but were also satisfying human's ornamental desire. Third, national factors in the East European bloc are theme that begins to be embossed in the late 80's. In view of a political change and cultural situation with a double character of Europe and Orient, it was estimated that national factors have great importance in fashion. Item concerned with new concern appeared at Autumn & Winter collection. It shows elegant and graceful beauty of costume by adding a fur or jewel to simple form. These national factors in the East European bloc are simple form, but shows the difference in more cubic formation than form expressed in Primitivism or Oriental factors Exotic taste appeared form 80's to 91's, is thought to create an forgotten romantic emotion and traditional fashion

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.177-188
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• 2019

The objective of this study was to analyze the distribution patterns of two exotic disturbing fish species (largemouth bass, Micropterus salmoides and bluegill, Lepomis macrochirus), their physical habitat features, and chemical water qualities from 13 sites of Dongjin River. The relationships between the fish distributions and water chemistry and physical habitat characteristics (i.e., bottom substrate) were evaluated by comparing dominant vs. absent regions of largemouth bass and bluegill. The relative abundance of the two species decreased sharply with decreased in the water quality in terms of BOD, PO₄-P and pH, but not with NO₃-N and conductivity. The bluegill showed no difference in habitat preference between the two regions with regard to the bottom structure, while the largemouth bass had significant differences in the bottom structures of silt, coarse gravels and boulders. The dominant species were Zacco platypus (14.6%), Lepomis macrochirus (14.0%), and Micropterus salmoides (9.8%) in the order of relative abundance, indicating that exotic species (24% in total) dominated the fish community, perhaps ensuing large ecological disturbances on the ecosystem. In conclusion, the results of this study suggest that the distribution of the two exotic species may be largely influenced by water quality of organic matter and nutrient pollutions.

• Weed & Turfgrass Science
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2015

Many irrigated and drainage canals, reservoirs, lakes, and rivers are choked by the explosive growth of aquatic weeds, resulting in enormous direct loss in Korea. Distribution of aquatic weeds and exotic invasive plant species in irrigation and drainage waterways, and riparian wetlands was reviewed to provide basic information for management of aquatic weeds and invasive plant species in wetlands. Dominant emergent weeds in canals, reservoirs and lakes were Phragmites communis, Leersia japonica, Zizania latifolia, Conyza canadensis, C. annuus, Rumex crispus, Panicum dichotomiflorum, Bidens frondosa, and Oenothera odorata. Dominant emergent weeds in wetlands of rivers include Digitaria sanguinalis, P. communis, R. crispus, Artemisia princeps, Humulus japonicus, Echinochloa crusgalli, B. frondosa, and Persicaria thunbergii. In irrigation and drainage canals and lakes, dominant submersed weeds were Hydrilla verticillata, Najas minor, Potamogeton malaianus, P. crispus, Ceratophyllum demersum, Myriophyllum verticillatum, Salvinia natans, and Trapa natans. Dominant exotic weeds in wetlands include Trifolium repens, O. odorata, C. annuus, B. frondosa, Avena fatua, Ambrosia artemisiifolia, X. strumarium, and P. dichotomiflorum. Approaches to aquatic weed control were mechanical, chemical and biological control techniques. Periodic monitoring of aquatic weeds and exotic weeds, and their integrated management studies are needed in waterways and riparian wetlands in Korea.