• Journal of the Korea Computer Industry Society
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.569-578
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• 2003

This paper presents a method in which the user produces a real-time facial animation by navigating in the space of facial expressions created from a great number of captured facial expressions. The core of the method is define the distance between each facial expressions and how to distribute into suitable intuitive space using it and user interface to generate realtime facial expression animation in this space. We created the search space from about 2,400 raptured facial expression frames. And, when the user free travels through the space, facial expressions located on the path are displayed in sequence. To visually distribute about 2,400 captured racial expressions in the space, we need to calculate distance between each frames. And we use Floyd's algorithm to get all-pairs shortest path between each frames, then get the manifold distance using it. The distribution of frames in intuitive space apply a multi-dimensional scaling using manifold distance of facial expression frames, and distributed in 2D space. We distributed into intuitive space with keep distance between facial expression frames in the original form. So, The method presented at this paper has large advantage that free navigate and not limited into intuitive space to generate facial expression animation because of always existing the facial expression frames to navigate by user. Also, It is very efficient that confirm and regenerate nth realtime generation using user interface easy to use for facial expression animation user want.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.163-180
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• 2014

Inaccurate predictions of effective stiffness for reinforced concrete (RC) columns having plain (undeformed) longitudinal rebars may lead to unsafe performance assessment and strengthening of existing deficient frames. Currently utilized effective stiffness models cover RC columns reinforced with deformed longitudinal rebars. A database of 47 RC columns (33 columns had continuous rebars and the remaining had spliced reinforcement) that were longitudinally reinforced with plain rebars was compiled from literature. The existing effective stiffness equations were found to overestimate the effective stiffness of columns with plain rebars for all levels of axial loads. A new approach that considers the contributions of flexure, shear and bond slip to column deflections prior to yielding was proposed. The new effective stiffness formulations were simplified without loss of generality for columns with and without lap-spliced plain rebars. In addition, the existing stiffness models for the columns with deformed rebars were improved while taking poor bond characteristics of plain rebars into account.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.19 no.3 s.67
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• pp.78-83
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• 2004

The channel-type lining board that partial welded on many partition frames is used to normal servicing lining board type. On this study is to investigate existing channel-type lining board's capacity by using the static loading test. From this study, to develop new-type lining board which reflect well cross section area and sectional modulus of existing channel-type lining board. Six types FEM model are adopted. The accumulated test results of stress conditions and deflections by section shapes will be used to analyzed the relation between the capacity and the section shape. With the comparing the results of static loading test and FEM analysis.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.10 no.9
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• pp.1009-1018
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• 2015

In video coding, the first frame of a GOP is encoded in intra mode which generates a larger number of bits. In addition, the first frame is used for the inter mode encoding of the following frames. Thus the intial QP for the first frame encoding affects the first frame as well as the following frames. To determine the initial QP that maximizes the PSNR of a GOP, several algorithms which uses the ratio of the PSNR of the I frame and the PSNR of P frames of a GOP have been proposed. In this paper, we propose a new traffic model that can be used to determine the optimal initial QP simply and exactly in algorithms that use the PSNR ratio. We first analyze the characteristics of the PSNR ratio of I and P frames and the PSNR of a GOP, and then propose a new traffic model which can represent the characteristics and determine the optimal intial QP. It is shown by experimental results that the initial QP determination method with the proposed model can predict an optimal initial QP whose difference from the optimal value is less than 2. The proposed scheme can also generate the PSNR performance better than that of the existing JVT algorithm.

• Journal of KIISE:Computer Systems and Theory
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• v.31 no.7
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• pp.387-396
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• 2004

In this paper, we propose an algorithm that distributes processor time to the tasks decoding encoded frames with a goal maximizing total QoS (quality of services) of video conference system. An encoded frame has such a characteristic that the QoS of recovered frame image also increases as the processor time given for decoding the frame gets to increase. Thus, the quality of decoded image for each frame can be represented as a QoS function of the amount of service time given to decode. In addition, every stream of video conference has close time-dependency between continuous frames belonging to the same stream. Based on the time-dependency and QoS functions, we propose an on-line frame scheduling algorithm which does not schedule all frames in the system but just a few frames while maximizing total QoS of video streams in the conference. The simulation results show that, as the system load gets to increase, the proposed algorithm compared to the existing EDF algorithm can reduce the quality of decoded frame images more smoothly and show the movements of conference attendees more naturally without short cutting.

• Journal of Digital Contents Society
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.135-142
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• 2016

When video service is performed in simulation using NS-2(Network Simulation-2), the video replay is performed as the received frame order. In the existing video replay method based on the received frame order, as the frame orders of receiver and transmitter are different, the receiver buffer does not have the effect that the packets between the frames of transmitter buffer holds a regular size and packet dense and sparsity phenomenon in the receiver buffer is made by the irregular packet size due to the unpredictable reversed order of received partial frames. The above dense and sparsity phenomenon increases the probability of buffer overflow and underflow generation. To prevent these problems, the proposed frame receive order relocation method adds an extra replay buffer which rearranges the order of receive frame as the order of transmit frame, so it has the effect that the packets between the transmit frames keeps a regular size. Through the simulation using NS-2 and JSVM(Joint Scalable Video Model), the generation number of buffer overflow and underflow, and PSNR(Required Peak Signal to Noise Ratio) performance between the existing method and proposed method were compared. As a result, it was found that the proposed method would have better performance than the existing method.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 1998.10a
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• pp.863-866
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• 1998

In this paper, we proposes Moving Picture Compression reducing bit numbers within the block by probability in 3D-DCT considered of temporal axis. From Delta Modification theory for frequency components, bit numbers within the block(4$\times$4) were properly compressed by using the Probability Entropy. At the result for the proposed algorithm, we could find that the values of PSNR for resolution and the compression rate were better than existing methods.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2000.09a
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• pp.857-860
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• 2000

In this letter, The proposed algorithm has processed the motion estimation and compensation only in the region which has the motion. By considering the temporal redundancies between the successive frames, the bit cost for representing the motion are reduced efficiently. The performance of them proposed technique show the superior result to the existing methods' in terms of both PSNR and coding cost.

• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.54-58
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• 2007

A real-time frame-layer rate control algorithm with a token bucket traffic shaper is proposed for distortion variation minimization. The proposed rate control method uses a non-iterative optimization method for low computational complexity, and performs bit allocation at the frame level to minimize the average distortion over an entire sequence as well as variations in distortion between frames. The proposed algorithm does not produce time delay from encoding, and is suitable for real-time low-complexity video encoder. Experimental results indicate that the proposed control method provides better visual and PSNR performances than the existing rate control method.

• 한국방재학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2008.02a
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• pp.49-52
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• 2008

The design strength of panel zones, which was based on Krawinkler model, was investigated by comparing it with existing test and FEM results. The design strength overestimates of the strength of panel zones with thick column flange while it matches well with the strength of panel zones with thin column flange. More extensive studies are needed to develop a mathematical model which can properly define the inelastic behavior of panel zones with various column flange thicknesses and to determine a more rational design strength.