• International Journal of High-Rise Buildings
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.285-291
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• 2013

This paper proposes a framework for understanding the energy consumption differences between tall and low-rise buildings. Energy usage data from 706 office buildings in New York illustrates expected correlations from the framework. Notable correlations include: taller buildings tend to use more energy until a plateau at 30~39 floors; tall buildings in Manhattan use 20% more energy than low-rise buildings in Manhattan, while tall buildings outside Manhattan use 4% more energy than low-rise buildings outside Manhattan. Additional correlations are discussed, among which is the trend that the Energy Star program in New York City assigns higher ratings to tall buildings with higher EUIs than low-rise buildings with the same EUI. Since Energy Star is based on regressions of existing buildings, the Energy Star ratings suggest taller buildings have higher EUIs than shorter buildings, which is confirmed by the New York City energy benchmarking data.

• Journal of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.211-217
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• 2022

New buildings have been designed using different seismic design standards that have been revised. However, the seismic performance of existing buildings is evaluated through the same performance evaluation guidelines. Existing buildings may not satisfy the performance targets suggested in the current guidelines, but there are practical limitations to discriminating the existing buildings with poor seismic performance through a full investigation. In this regard, to classify buildings with poor seismic performance according to the applied standard, this study aimed to evaluate performance-based investigation of the seismic design proposals of buildings with different design standards. The target buildings were set as RC ordinary moment frames for office occupancy. Changes in seismic design criteria by period were analyzed, and the design spectrum changes of reinforced concrete ordinary moment resisting frames were compared to analyze the seismic load acting on the building during design. The seismic design plan was derived through structural analysis of the target model, compared the member force and cross-sectional performance, and a preliminary evaluation of the seismic performance was performed to analyze the performance level through DCR. As a result of the seismic performance analysis through the derived design, the reinforced concrete ordinary moment frame design based on AIK 2000 has an insufficient seismic performance level, so buildings built before 2005 are likely to need seismic reinforcement.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.3-11
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• 2017

Aging buildings over 15 years reaches about 74% of 177 thousand buildings in Domestic public buildings. Due to the aging building, the energy loss is a serious problem. In order to reduce the energy usage through improving the energy efficiency on the existing buildings, the government & the local autonomous entity conduct the energy efficiency projects through the remodeling, repairing & equipment replacement on the existing buildings. The green remodeling is applied to the existing public buildings in recently revised the act on the creation and support of green building. However, the standard is not obvious that the work scope of green remodeling, financing and project delivery method. This paper propose is to suggest project delivery system for vitalizing the green remodeling. Green remodeling is defined on basis of the occurring work under project life cycle based on the existing building process and the financing method for owners and companies and the project delivery system according to work scope of green remodeling are proposed in this paper

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Educational Facilities
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.21-28
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• 2012

This study proposes a procedure for evaluating the seismic performance and retrofit of a typical reinforced building (R/C) school buildings contructed in the 1980s. The procedure is derived from the Japanese Standard for Evaluation of Seismic Capacity of Existing Reinforced Concrete Buildings and Nonlinear Static Procedure (NSP) specified in Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA 356). In this study, the Japanese Standard was applied for evaluating the additionally required seismic performance in the existing school building. Cast-in-place (CIP) reinforced concrete infill walls and steel braces were used to seismically retrofit the existing school building located in the region of Hongsung in Chungnam. In the pushover analysis, i.e NSP, the hinge properties of columns, beams, infill walls and steel braces were carefully calibrated based on the existing experiment results in the available literatures. The predicted seismic performance for the retrofitted building was compared to that for the virgin building. Based on the seismic evaluation with the Japanese Standard and the FEMA 356 criteria, the addition of CIP reinforced concrete infill walls and steel braces have superior constructablility and can improve effectively the seismic performance of the existing school buildings constructed in 1980s.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.231-239
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• 2014

This paper represents a method of existing building energy simulation using energy audit data. Energy audit must be carried out for reasonable analysis, because characteristics of existing buildings such as efficiency of fan, pump, flow rate, pressure, COP and operating schedule could be changed during the building operation. These building characteristics should be measured to estimate actual energy consumption of the existing building. In this study, we conducted energy audit and calculated energy savings for a 7-stories building as a case-study. The energy audit data were used to calibrate the building model of EnergyPlus simulation. Baseline model validated according to M&V guideline index. As a result, building characteristics are significant parameters making a big impact on energy savings in existing buildings.

• Computers and Concrete
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.879-902
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• 2015

The remaining service life (RSL) of buildings has been an important issue in the field of building and facility management, and its development is also one of the essential factors for achieving sustainable infrastructure. Since the estimation of RSL of buildings is heavily affected by the subjectivity of individual inspector or engineer, much effort has been placed in the development of a rational method that can estimate the RSL of existing buildings more quantitatively using objective measurement indices. Various uncertain factors contribute to the deterioration of the structural performance of buildings, and most of the common building structures are constructed not with a single structural member but with various types of structural components (e.g., beams, slabs, and columns) in multistory floors. Most existing RSL estimation methods, however, consider only an individual factor. In this study, an estimation method for RSL of concrete buildings is presented by utilizing a fuzzy theory to consider the effects of multiple influencing factors on the deterioration of durability (e.g., concrete carbonation, chloride attack, sulfate attack), as well as the current structural condition (or damage level) of buildings.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.121-127
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• 2002

The functions and uses of existing buildings are not properly changing as modern life needs. As a result, the frequent reconstruction(construction after removal) of existing buildings have been done but it became more and more difficult because of strengthening of regulations and systems concerning construction. And also it has several disadvantages like lower plot ratio and site coverage than existed buildings, enormous construction cost, production of waste-construction materials and thoughtless consumption of natural resources, which gives rise to environmental pollution. Therefore renovation is brought to the fore. In Korea, many business buildings were constructed in 1960s-1970s, during the period of high growth. Such buildings needs to be repaired in whole. It is caused by the change of social, economic, and cultural conditions and deterioration of equipments. Therefore renovation meets some necessary conditions; recovery of building functions and extension of building life span. In case study, the present state of renovation in business buildings is 1) Basic safety, for example, fire prevention and crime prevention, is great important. 2) Advanced technology, INS(international news service), IBS(Intelligent Building System), and internationalization, is pursued for adapting to multimedia ages. 3) It tries to promote proficiency, and to save the energy using spatial environment and natural energy(light and sound). Also, improving comfortable level of users and installing equipments for physically handicapped person needs to be considered.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.5 no.6 s.22
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• pp.118-128
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• 2004

Given the trend of increased apartment buildings and high-rise buildings, the maintenance of apartment buildings has been set a higher value. For this reason, a total performance evaluation model of the existing buildings has recently been developed. But, it has a lack of the management work analysis. The purpose of this study, therefore, is the management work analysis for items selection of maintenance performance evaluation of apartment buildings. Candidate items of Maintenance performance evaluation was made with the existing literature and business system analysis. Easy, systemicity of performance evaluation supplemented doing question to academic experts and housing managers. Finally decided maintenance performance evaluation items are to classify 14 administrative and 15 technical items.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.6 no.5 s.27
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• pp.78-88
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• 2005

Given the trend of increased apartment buildings and high-rise buildings, the maintenance of apartment buildings has been set a higher value. For this reason, a total performance evaluation model of the existing buildings has recently been developed. But, it has a lack of the management work analysis. The purpose of this study, therefore, is the management work analysis for items selection of maintenance performance evaluation of apartment buildings. Candidate items of Maintenance performance evaluation was made with the existing literature and business system analysis. Easy systemicity of performance evaluation supplemented doing question to academic experts and housing managers. Finally decided maintenance performance evaluation items are to classify 14 administrative and 15 technical items.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.63-74
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• 2000

The main objective of this paper is to apply as the basic data for development of a methodology to discuss the future earthquake preparedness measures in Korea by investigating the concept and applicabilities of the Japanese Standard for Evaluation of Seismic Performance of Existing RC Buildings developed in Japan among the methodologies of all the countries of the world. This paper describes the seismic performance, Is-index, of existing RC buildings in Tokyo, Japan evaluated by the Japanese Standard, also the relationships between Is-index distribution of existing RC buildings in Tokyo and that of Shizuoka and Chiba Prefecture reported already in reference[4][5][6] are investigated. And from the comparison with Is-index to buildings damaged by earthquakes experienced in Japan, the damage ratio due to severe earthquake of 3 districts mentioned above is estimated based on the probabilistic point of view. The results of this study can be utilized to identify urgently required earthquake preparedness measures with highest priority in existing RC buildings, and the methodology to evaluate the seismic performance of existing RC buildings in Japan, statistics analysis method and the methodology to estimate earthquake damage ratio based on the probabilistic point of view shown in this study can be recommended to develop a methodology to discuss the future earthquake preparedness measures in Korea.