• 성인간호학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.573-581
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• 2006

Purpose: This study was to predict the stage of exercise behavior change in undergraduate students and to identify the factors affecting exercise behavior change by using the trans theoretical Model. Method: The subjects were 193 undergraduate students at K and D university in D city. Data were collected by questionnaire surveys using convenience sampling and analyzed by SPSS 12.0 program. Results: 77.7% of 193 nursing students do not exercise or they exercise irregularly. Exercise self-efficacy score and exercise benefits score were decreased with advancing exercise stage, on the other hand exercise barriers score and the process of exercise behavior change score were increased. In addition to this, the results revealed that stage of exercise behavior was significantly correlated with the process of exercise behavior change, exercise benefits, exercise barriers and exercise self-efficacy. Conclusion: These results suggested that the process of exercise behavior change, exercise decisional balance and exercise self-efficacy can be potential affecting factors for the stages of behavior change in university students. Therefore, these findings give useful information for educating nurse to construct nursing service programs focused on the stage of behavior change.

• 성인간호학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.236-246
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• 2003

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the differences of the process of change, decision making, self-efficacy and perception of subjective health according to the stages of exercise behaviors suggested by transtheoretical models among older adults. Method: The subjects consisted of 291 older adults. Trained research assistants interviewed the older adults using structured questionnaires. ANOVA analyses with post hoc test were used to examine the mean differences for each stage of exercise behavior using SPSS for windows. Result: The subjects were divided into five stages of exercise behavior: 24.4% precontemplation, 12.4% contemplation, 17.9% preparation, 12.4% action, 33.0% maintenance stage. There were significant differences in process of change, decision making, self-efficacy and subjective health perception according to the exercise stage of change. 'Self-liberation' and 'stimulus control' were important strategies for intention of exercise, while 'reinforcing management' for the actual practice of exercise. 'Self-efficacy' was an effective strategy to change older adults from pre-contemplation to preparation stage. Conclusion: For exercise intervention, older adults should be classified into groups according to their stages of exercise behaviors and provided effective individualized intervention depending on their stage.

• 부모자녀건강학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.61-72
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• 2008

This study is a descriptive research attempted to examine the exercise practice of junior high school students and figure out their changing process, decision-making balance, and self-efficacy according to the exercise practice so that they can be utilized as fundamental data for developing exercise intervention programs for junior high school students. The study subjects were students from five junior high schools in B City. Total 600 questionnaires were distributed, and 554 responded ones were analyzed. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS/Win 10.0. According to the results of analyzing the subjects with the exercise changing stage tool, exercise non-practice group including the precontemplation stage, contemplation stage, and preparation stage occupies 57.6% while the exercise practice group including the action stage and maintenance stage consists of 42.4%. And according to the results of discriminating analysis setting total 10 factors of transtheoretical model variables as predictive factors to predict each group based on whether they practice exercise or not, it was found out that the subordinate factors of the changing process, consciousness-raising (F=33.98, p=.000), self-cognitive decision (F=21.55, p=.000), contrary condition provision (F=84.67, p=.000), helping relationship (F=28.52, p=.000), reinforced thinking (F=14.15, p=.000), and stimulus control (F=54.64, p=.000), and the subordinate factors of the decision-making balance, beneficial factors (F=15.65, p= .000) and hindering factors (F=8.58, p=.004), and self-efficacy (F=78.60. p=.000) were significant predictive factors and discriminating variables. Based on the research findings above, it will be necessary to develop exercise intervention programs sufficiently reflecting the changing process, decision-making balance, and self-efficacy suitably for the subjects and make strategies to encourage their active participation and exercise maintenance, through verifying transtheoretical model variables according to whether the junior high school students practice exercise or not.

• 기본간호학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.138-144
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• 2003

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the change processes for exercise behaviors in each stage. Method: Participants for this study were randomly selected from adults between the ages of 20-44. Data were collected using questionnaires over a 2 week period at the end of May, 2003. The instrument, Stages of exercise behavior change developed by Marcus et al. (1992b), and the instrument, Changing phases of exercise behaviors developed by Nigg et al. (1999) and translated by Kwon (2002) were used to investigate the behaviors. Result: 1. Related to stage of exercise behavior change of participants, it was found that 55.2% of participants exercised regularly. 2. Among the change processes according to stage of change showed that dramatic relief was the most frequently used process for all stages. Environmental reevaluation and social liberation were used most in the contemplation stage, while environmental reevaluation and stimulus control were used most in the preparation stage. In addition, scores for stimulus control and environmental reevaluation were high in the action stage. In the maintenance stage, social liberation and counter-conditioning were used most frequently. 3. The process of exercise behavior change which differentiates the stages of exercise behavior change were shown to be counter-conditioning, which was an influential factor that differentiates the contemplation stage and maintenance stage. Conclusion: The results suggest that change process management should be the focus to enhance the stage of change for exercise in this group.

• 지질공학
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.415-421
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• 2020

최근 기후변화의 영향으로 가뭄 현상이 반복적으로 나타나고 있다. 정부에서는 가뭄 피해를 줄이기 위해 대응 방안을 마련하고, 가뭄 훈련을 실시하고 있다. 그러나 가뭄 훈련에 필요한 명확한 기준 및 관련 연구는 부족한 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 미국, 호주, 우리나라의 가뭄 관련 문헌 및 훈련사례를 분석하였다. 분석결과를 바탕으로 훈련사례가 많은 워크숍, 도상훈련, 기능훈련에 대한 훈련유형 선정시 고려사항을 제시하였으며, 가뭄 훈련을 위한 절차 및 단계별 고려사항을 제시하였다. 본 연구결과는 가상가뭄 훈련을 준비하는데 효과적으로 사용할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.316-326
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• 2012

Purpose: This study was to identify the factors associated with stages of exercise behavior change of residents in a community on the basis of the Transtheoretical Model. Methods: Data were collected from 520 residents of a community using a self-report questionnaire. The survey variables comprised the stages of exercise behavior change, the process of change, decisional balance and self efficacy. Results: There were significant differences in the process of change, decisional balance and self efficacy by the stages of exercise behavior change. The factors associated with transition from pre-contemplation to contemplation were consciousness raising and self efficacy; regarding those from contemplation to preparation, cons of the decisional balance and social liberation; regarding those from preparation to action, dramatic relief and counter conditioning; regarding that from action to maintenance, cons of the decisional balance. Conclusion: TTM would be applicable to explain the exercise behavior of some residents in a community, which suggested that the programs for improving exercise behavior of residents in a community need to be developed.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제50권2호
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• pp.298-312
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• 2020

Purpose: This study had two objectives: 1) to develop a scale for the process of exercise engagement (SPEE) for prediabetic individuals (PDIs); 2) to validate a structural model for the process of exercise engagement for PDIs. Methods: A cross-sectional survey with simple random sampling was conducted from September 2013 to December 2015 (in Taiwan). A total of 310 PDIs were enrolled for scale development and model validation via item analysis, factor analyses, and structural equation modeling. The Kuo model was used as the basis for developing the Chinese version of the SPEE for PDIs. Results: The SPEE contains five subscales with a total of twenty-one items that account for 54.9% to 65.9% of the total variance explained for assessing participants' process of engagement during exercise. For Kuo model validation, the model measures indicated goodness of fit between the Kuo model and sample data. Analysis further revealed a direct effect between the creating health blueprints (CHB) stage and the spontaneous regular exercise (SRE) stage (β=.60). Conclusion: The SPEE includes five subscales for assessing the psychological transition and behavioral expression at each stage of the process of exercise engagement for PDIs. The SPEE for people with prediabetes provides deeper insights into the factors of behavioral change stages that are required to initiate long-term health care outcomes and avoid developing diabetes. These insights are significant as they allow for patient-specific mapping and behavior modification to effect exercise.

• 한국보건간호학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.147-157
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the related factors of change affecting the stages of change for exercise, on the assumption that there are various stages of change in the exercise behavior of women in nursing college. Methods: The subjects were 496 female college students in D city. The research instruments were stages of change for exercise behavior, the process of change, decisional balance, and self-efficacy. The dates were analyzed by descriptive statistics, ANOVA, and stepwise multiple regression using the SPSS 18.0 program. Results: The distribution of the subjects across the stages was: pre-contemplation, 17.7%; contemplation, 58.7%; preparation, 19.0%; action, 2.8%; maintenance, 1.8%. Analysis of variance showed that cognitive process (F=17.26, p<0.01), behavioral process (F=27.05, p<0.01), the pros of decisional-balance (F=7.07, p<0.01), the cons of decision-balance (F=5.82, p<0.01), and self efficacy (F=17.79, p<0.01) were significantly associated with the change of exercise behavior stages. The related factors of change affecting the change of exercise behavior stage were the cons of decision-making, counter conditioning, self re-evaluation, and body mass index, including 28.4% R-square. Conclusion: The transtheoretical model would be applicable to explain the exercise behavior of some women in nursing college. So, this study will be useful information for developing effective exercise behavior programs considering female students' stages of change.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.18-26
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• 2004

The effect of Panax ginseng administration in muscle inflammatory process induced after eccentric exercise, that causes myofibrillar disruption, was studied. Changes in lipid peroxidation, inflammation, glycogen levels in muscle and release of myocellular proteins to blood were measured. The analyses were performed immediately after eccentric exercise and over week since this period are necessary for the muscle damage-repair cycle. The ginseng extract (100 mg kg$^{-1}$ ) was orally administered to rats for three months, before the eccentric exercise performance. The results showed the protective role of ginseng against skeletal muscle damage. This effect could be associated with their membrane stabilising capacity since creatine kinase (CK) activity was significantly decreased 96 h post-exercise from 523$\pm$70 to 381$\pm$53 and 120 h post-exercise from 443$\pm$85 to 327$\pm$75 in treated animals. $\beta$-glucuronidase activity, as indicator of inflammation, showed a significant reduction of about 15-25% in soleus, vastus and triceps in these post-exercise times. The lipid peroxidation, measured by malondyaldehyde levels, was significantly decreased in the 24 h post-exercise period in soleus and vastus intermedius muscles and on the recovery period. Finally ginseng administration reduced significantly the decrease of the glycogen levels immediately after exercise and when the regenerative process took place (72-168 h post exercise). Collectively, the results have showed that ginseng did not inhibit the vital inflammatory response process associated with the muscle damage-repair cycle but presumably ameliorate the injury.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.63-75
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• 2006

Objective: This study was performed to identify the related factors of change affecting the stage of change, on the assumption that there are various stages of change in the exercise behavior of workers. Method: The subjects of the study consisted of 138 workers of 10 workplaces located in Daejeon City, and data collected by using questionnaires were analyzed with SPSS/WIN 11.5 program. Results: The subjects were distributed in the stage of exercise behavior change as follows: precontemplation stage(10.9%), contemplation stage(22.5%), preparation stage(41.3%), action stage(8.7%), and maintenance stage(16.7%). Of the process of change depending on the stage of exercise behavior change, the consciousness raising(F=11.50, p=.00), dramatic relief(F=2.82, p=.02) showed significant difference in the cognitive process, and the counter conditioning(F=4.56, p=.00), reinforcement management(F=4.64, p=.00), self-liberation(F=9.46, p=.00), and stimulus control(F=13.28, p=.00) showed significant difference in the behavioral process. For decision-making depending on the stage of exercise behavior change, both the pros of decision-making(F=9.23, p=.00) and the cons of decision-making(F=2.45, p=.04) showed significant difference. Self-efficacy depending on the stage of exercise behavior change showed significant difference as F=11.50, p=.00. The related factors of change affecting the stage of exercise behavior change were the pros of decision-making, the cons of decision-making, and self-efficacy including 34.1% R-square. Conclusion: In order to change the exercise behavior of workers positively, they need to be stimulated to use the cognitive and behavioral process in the process of change properly, and to be induced to make a decision positively. And also exercise programs suitable to various characteristics of each worker as well as those of workplaces to enhance self-efficacy need to be applied after being devised. Through the further longitudinal research, it is necessary to analyze the various aspects, such as groups to select, to maintain, to stop or give up the exercise, and to avoid the change, and to study how the related factors of change affect diversity like the above.