• Journal of Industrial Convergence
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.137-146
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• 2021

In This study investigated the effects of various intensity cycling exercise on body composition, blood lipids and fat metabolism in obese middle-aged women. 17 people obesity middle - aged women aged 35 to 55 years were divided into 3 groups: 5 people in the low intensity group, 6 people in the medium intensity group, and 6 people in the high intensity group. The object of this study was to compare the effect of cycle exercise performed between 20 ~ 50 minutes per a day,1 3 day times per week on the body composition, lipid profile and lipid metabolism of obesity middle - aged women. There was not substantial difference in body construction between groups. in blood lipid changes, there was a substantial difference in glucose between groups, There was not substantial difference between groups in the change of fat metabolism. In addition, there was not substantial difference in the interaction effect between time and time × group. It is expected that the results of this study will be used as basic data for related field.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.638-643
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• 2005

This study was peformed to investigate the effect of dietary iron and exercise on heme biosynthesis and lipid metabolism of rats. Rats were divided into 4 groups according to dietary iron supplement (Fe-,5 ppm vs. Fe+, 50 ppm) and exercise status (control us exercise). The experiment continued for 8 weeks. Regular treadmill exercise ($6^{\circ}$, 28 m/min, 30 min duration, 5 days/week) was given to exercise groups. The aminolevulinate dehydrase activity of red blood cell, the marker of heme biosynthesis, was significantly increased in the exercise group. Regular aerobic exercise reduced body weight and epidydimal fat pad gain. Regular exercise also significantly decreased the plasma triglyceride, cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol of the rats. Meanwhile, the iron deficiency decreased the hematocrit and hemoglobin concentration and increased the accumulation of liver cholesterol.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.200-208
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• 2004

Objective: Non-insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus (NIDDM) is characterized by insulin resistance, which affects the glucose transportation inside the cell. The purpose of this study was to find out how Palmijihwangtang (PMT) and exercise influence the glucose transport metabolism in the organ muscles of ZDF (zucker diabetic fatty) rat with insulin resistance. Methods: Using three male normal zucker rats and twelve male obese rats, they were divided into a normal lean group (N=3), obese control group (N=3), obese exercises group (N=3), obese medication group (N=3), obese exercise and medication group (N=3). Treadmill exercise were repeated with 27m/min speed for an hour a day, five days a week, for 8 weeks. And 20β/sub ￠/ of PMT was orally administered twice a day for 8 weeks, after that a period blood sample was exsanguinated by heart perforation and was analyzed. Results: The body weight of the OM and OEM group showed a significant decrease among all the obese groups. The blood insulin level increased significantly of all groups in comparison with the N group. All of the OE, OM and the OEM groups showed a significant decrease of insulin level compared with the OC group; especially the OEM group demonstrated the most among obese groups. Regarding GLUT-4 level, OEM was the unique group showed a significant increase among all the obese groups. The VAMP-2 level in myocardium cell membrane was increased significantly at OC group in comparison with the N group, whereas the OEM group only showed significant decrease of it. In addition, the VAMP-2 level in pancreas β-cell was significantly decreased at all the obese groups in comparison with the N group. Only the OEM group showed significant increase among all the obese groups. Conclusion: Palmijihwangtang (PMT) and exercise could effectively promote the insulin metabolism in pancreas β-cells and activate the glucose transport process in myocardium cell membrane by lowering the insulin resistance of ZDF rats.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.15 no.10
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• pp.336-345
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• 2015

This study conducted the following experiment to examine change of biophysical and physical fitness function on combined exercise program in 20' female university students with obesity according to heights of insole. Obesity related biophysical function was measured by basal metabolism and percent body fat(% Fat) and health related physical fitness was measured by isokinetic strength of quadriceps femoris muscle, muscular endurance, flexibility and power on comparative analysis of pre, post exercise and each groups(0cm, 5cm, 9cm) in 36 female university students with obesity subject according to heights of insole. These result lead us to the conclusion that each group were statistically improved at isokinetic muscular strength of quadriceps femoris muscle and basal metabolism, but 5cm group compared with 0cm and 9cm group was more significant improvement. Consequently, combination exercise applying appropriate heights of insole would be lead to positive increment of muscular strength and basal metabolism.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.27 no.10
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• pp.175-184
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• 2022

This study was conducted to analyze the effect of dance exercise in Aqua(AZ) and Land(ZG) environments on bone metabolism marker(BMM) and bone mineral density(BMD) and to suggested an effective exercise method to prevent osteoporosis and osteopenia. The subjects of the study were randomly assigned to an aqua zumba group (AZG, n=11), a zumba gold group (ZGG, n=13), and a control group (CG, n=12) for elderly women over 70 years age and 12 weeks, dance exercises were conducted twice time a week for 60 minutes. As a result of this study, OC was AZG(P<.001) and ZGG(P<.05), and IGF-1 was significantly increased in AZG(P<.01). However, there was no significant difference in DPD, BMD, and T-score. Therefore, dance (Zumba) exercise in Aqua and Land has positive effects on BMM and BMD in elderly women, so it is suggested as an effective intervention method to delay osteoporosis and osteopenia.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.55 no.1
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• pp.53-62
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of grasshopper (Oxya chinensis sinuosa) powder ingestion with/without aerobic exercise (treadmill running) on energy metabolism. To achieve this purpose, 28 Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) mice were divided into four groups: normal diet control group (CON), a normal diet with exercise control group (COEX), a grasshopper powder-supplemented diet group (GH), and a grasshopper powder-supplemented diet with exercise group (GHEX). Duration of the powder ingestion and aerobic exercise training were 6 weeks. Body weight gain ratio was not significant. Fat mass significantly decreased in GH and GHEX. There were no changes in blood glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase and glutamic pyruvic transaminase levels between groups. Glucose transporter type 2 and glucose transporter type 4 protein levels were not significantly different between groups. Fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5 level was the highest in GHEX. AMP-activated protein kinase level significantly increased in GHEX compared to the levels in the other groups. Glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta protein level was reduced in GHEX compared to that in CON. These results suggest that grasshopper powder ingestion and endurance exercise training influence energy metabolism.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.9 no.10
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• pp.218-226
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• 2009

This study conducted the following experiment to examine effects of bone metabolism on aquatic exercise, Drynariae Rhizoma and aquatic exercise with Drynariae Rhizoma. This experiment was conducted to compare bone strength, bone mineral density, weight, change of femur, osteocalcin, ALP, Ca and P effects by aquatic exercise for 6 weeks, Drynariae Rhizoma and Drynariae Rhizoma for aquatic exercise with 40 SD rats of postoophorectomy osteoporosis and it divided 10 subjects. experiment group (I) is applying postoophorectomy osteoporosis group, (II) is applying aquatic exercise group, (III) is applying Drynariae Rhizoma group and (IV) is applying aquatic exercise with Drynariae Rhizoma group. These result lead us to the conclusion that osteocalcin were showed a statically increase and blood Ca level were showed a statically decrease on other groups compare to group(I). Consequently, aquatic exercise and Drynariae Rhizoma would be lead to increment of bone metabolism on postoophorectomy osteoporosis.

• Korean Journal of Exercise Nutrition
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.13-20
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• 2019

[Purpose] The OPG/RANK/RANKL signaling is a new family of bone metabolism biomarkers belonging to the immune system. However, the bone metabolism response to long-term exercise in the RANKL/RANK/OPG signaling is less evident. The purpose of this study was to examine these biomarkers in healthy college females after 12-weeks combined exercise intervention. [Methods] Participants (N=22, 22.4±1.3yrs) were randomly divided in two different group: 12 in the control group and 10 in the exercise group performing combined exercise program that interventions was conducted 3 times per week for 12 weeks. The outcome measures included serum concentrations of RANKL, OPG and bone metabolic cytokines such as TNF-α and IL-6, and mRNA expressions of same variables from PBMC. VO_2max and bone mineral density (BMD) were measured at before and after exercise intervention. [Results] There were no significant differences in the serum RANKL, OPG concentrations and all RANKL/RANK/OPG signaling mRNA expression on interaction effect between group and time (NS). Also no significant differences were found in the serum TNF-α and IL-6 concentrations and mRNA expression (NS). The IL-6 mRNA expression only showed significant difference in the main effect of groups (p<.05). There were also no significant differences in the VO_2max and BMD on interaction effect between group and time (NS). [Conclusion] These results suggested that there were no effects on bone mineral density and RANKL/RANK/OPG signaling without the effect of 8-weeks combined exercise on cardiovascular endurance fitness.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.46-52
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• 1997

Diaphragm is thought to play the most important role in breathing and has a substantially greater proportion of slow oxidative and fast glycolytic fibers, and low proportion of fast oxidative fibers. The respiratory muscle, diaphragm, has the functional characteristics of slow speed of contraction, high resistance to fatigue and the ability to respond to intermittent ventilatory loads, for example of exercise. In the present study, the characteristics of the metabolism (depletion and repletion) of glycogen and the structural changes of diaphragm during depletion and repletion of glycogen were observed in rats. For comparison, the red gastrocnemius muscle which has a greater proportion of fast oxidative glycolytic (FOG) and slow oxidative (SO) fibers, and low proportion of fast glycolytic (FG) fiber, was also studied. The glycogen concentration of diaphragm in overnight fasted rats was $2.30{\pm}0.14mg/gm$ wet weight. The values of glycogen concentration at 60, 90 and 120minutes of treadmill exercise loaded rats was significantly decreased compared to that of the overnight fasted rats. There was no significant difference among the glycogen concentrations of diaphragm at 60, 90 and 120minutes of exercises. The glycogen concentration of diaphragm was decreased to $1.12{\pm}0.17$ from $2.30{\pm}0.14mg/gm$ wet weight by treadmill exercise. The glycogen depletion rate of diaphragm during exercise was faster than that of red gastrocnemius in both of the first 60minutes and 120minutes duration of exercise. The glycogen repletion of diaphragm after intragastric glucose administration by stomach tube was studied in control and exercise groups. The glycogen concentration was significantly increased after glucose administration in both of control and exercise groups. All of the concentration of exercise group at 60, 120 and 180minutes after glucose administration was significantly higher than those of control group. In conclusion, one of the characteries of diaphragm in glycogen metabolism is fast glycogen depletion during exercise, and slowness of glycogen repletion after glucose ingestion in rats.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.41 no.8
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• pp.1112-1117
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• 2012

In this study, the effects of a rice diet and bread diet on plasma triglyceride, insulin and ghrelin levels during low-intensity endurance exercise and recovery were investigated. Ten male students randomly received 2 different treatments: the rice diet and bread diet. On the first day, the participants performed 2 hours of treadmill running with 6% uphill at 50% $VO_{2max}$ after breakfast and then each consumed lunch and dinner. Blood samples were drawn 120 min before exercise and, right before exercise and, 60 min and 120 min after the start of exercise. On the second day, blood samples were drawn prior to breakfast, immediately after breakfast and, 60 min, 120 min, and 180 min after breakfast with no exercise treatment. Plasma triglyceride, ghrelin, glucose, and insulin levels were not significantly different between the two treatment groups on the first day. In addition, there was no difference in the carbohydrate and fat oxidation rate between the two treatments groups. However, plasma triglyceride levels in subjects that received the rice diet were significantly reduced by 14% when compared to subjects that received the bread diet at 180 min after consuming the breakfast diet on the second day. Ghrelin levels were significantly higher for subjects that received the rice diet than subjects that were given the bread diet. However, insulin in participants that consumed the rice diet was significantly lower than those that received the bread diet at 60 min and 120 min after consumption of the breakfast diet on the second day. Glucose levels in the subjects that were given the rice diet were significantly reduced by 10.3% when compared with participants that received the bread diet at 60 min. Therefore, the results of the study showed that a rice diet may be more effective in preventing cardiovascular diseases than a bread diet when combined with exercise.