• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.135-150
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• 2010

Purpose: To analyze the effects of customized home visiting health services on the health and health behaviors of clients with hypertension (n=107) and diabetes mellitus (DM: n=67). Methods: A one group pre and post-test research design was used. The subjects were registered in a customized 8-week, interventional, home visiting health services available in Daegu. Data was collected from November 17, 2008 to January 23, 2009. Analyses involved descriptive statistics, $x^2$ test and paired t-test. Result: Hypertension control rate was improved 25.2% and DM control rate was improved 3.0%. There were significantly beneficial hypertension-related differences in BP, health belief, health knowledge and health behaviors including performance of 10 min of moderate exercise, diet, BP monitoring and medication. Significantly beneficial DM-related changes included glucose, health belief, health knowledge and health behaviors including performance of 10 min of moderate exercise and glucose monitoring. But there were no significant hypertension-related differences in health belief (barrier) and health behavior including drinking and exercise length/frequency. Also, no significant DM-related differences were evident in health belief (barrier) and health behaviors including drinking, smoking, exercise length/frequency, diet and medication. Conclusion: Customized home visiting health service can provide effective, but not complete. Whether these benefits are maintained in the longer term is unknown.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.50-54
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• 2017

Purpose: This investigation aimed to determine the effects of treadmill training (TT) and high frequency chest wall oscillation (HFCWO) on pulmonary function and walking ability in stroke patients as well as propose an exercise program to improve cardiovascular function. Methods: Twenty hemiplegic stroke patients were randomized to either the control group (CG) (n=10) or the experimental group (EG), which received TT and HFCWO (n=10). Pulmonary function was quantitated using patient forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume at one second (FEV1) while walking speed was assessed by the 10m walking test (10MWT). Further, walking endurance was determined utilizing the 6-minute walk test (6MWT). Subjects of the EG performed the study protocol for 60 minutes, five times a week for six weeks; CG patients did not participate in regular exercise. To determine significance for the differences observed before and after exercise, within-group and between-group comparisons were conducted utilizing paired and independent t-tests, respectively, with the level of significance set at ${\alpha}=0.05$. Results: Within-groups, significant differences were observed in both FVC and FEV1 (p<0.01) following completion of the study protocol. Further, between-group comparisons demonstrated significant differences in both FVC (p<0.05) and FEV1 (p<0.01). Post-exercise, significant changes in the 10MWT and 6MWT score were observed between the EG and CG (p<0.01). Further, statistically significant differences were observed in 6MWT scores between-groups (p<0.05). Conclusion: The TT and HFCWO effectively improved pulmonary function and walking ability in subjects with stroke. The proposed program can be applied to stroke patients as a useful therapy.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.121-129
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• 2019

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to measure the effects of cervical stabilization exercises on neck pain, forward head posture, and the acoustic characteristics frequency and amplitude modulation of patients with chronic neck pain caused by forward head posture using pressure biofeedback. METHODS: 20 patients with chronic neck pain and voice disorders presenting at the S Exercise Center in Daegu, Korea, were included in the study. A cervical stabilization exercise program of 50 minutes per session was performed three times a week for eight weeks. Pressure biofeedback was utilized to determine the impact of the exercises on neck pain, forward head posture, and the acoustic characteristics of the patients. The measurements were taken prior to and after the intervention to determine any changes. RESULTS: A significant improvement in neck pain, craniovertebral angle and the acoustic characteristics frequency and amplitude modulation of the patients was demonstrated after the intervention (p<.05). CONCLUSION: Cervical stabilization exercises were demonstrated to have a significantly positive effect on neck pain, forward head posture, and vocalization stability in patients with chronic neck pain in the current study based on measurements taken using a pressure biofeedback system. This indicates that an improvement in forward head posture positively impacts postural stability and vocalization. Future studies investigating a greater range of interventions designed to improve neck pain and acoustical effects in patients with chronic neck pain and forward head posture patients are warranted.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.125-138
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• 2008

Purpose: This study was attempted to find out female smoking behavior and the smoking related factors. Method: Study subjects were 226 female smokers who have visited temporary clinic or smoking cessation clinic run by 10 public health centers in Incheon. The data were collected through the questionnaire specially designed for this study from April 1 to June 30, 2008. The data were analyzed by the SPSS 12.0 program. Result: 68.0% of feale smokers have smoked habitually. The average daily smoking amount of the subjects was $12.0{\pm}8.7$ ea, average rate of nicotine dependence was $4.2{\pm}2.2$ points, the mean smoking duration was $12.7{\pm}9.3$ years, and the smoking start age was $23.1{\pm}8.5$ year old. The smoking behavior by the drinking frequency showed significant difference in average daily smoking amount and rate of nicotine dependence(p<.05). Also the smoking behavior by exercise showed significant difference in current smoking frequency(p<.05). There was positive relation between female smoking behavior and monthly income, frequency of drinking, exercise, and stress respectively(p<.05, p<.01). Conclusion: Compared to a male smoker, the average daily smoking amount of a female smoker was less and the duration of smoking was longer. This study suggests that not only a social movement about a female smoking cessation is imperative but also smoking cessation programs should be combined with reduced drinking consumption, exercise and stress relief programs. Moreover, early intervention for preventing teenager smoking should be added to smoking cessation programs.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Clinical Electrophysiology
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.1-6
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• 2011

Purpose : This study aims to examine changes in electromyogram (EMG) signals detected from the tibialis anterior muscle during repetitive contraction exercises in normal female adults. Methods : The subjects of this study were 10 normal adult females without any musculoskeletal or nervous system disorders. A total of 30 contractions were made repetitively with maximal voluntary contraction exercise for six seconds and a resting time for three seconds. Changes in muscle contractions were measured using dynamometer and EMG signals such as root mean square (RMS), integrated EMG (IEMG), and median frequency (MDF). Results : The result of measurement showed no significant differences in IEMG and RMS in accordance with the increase in the number of contractions. MVIC and MDF showed significant differences in accordance with the increase in the number of contractions (p<0.05). Conclusion : This study demonstrated that repetitive tibialis anterior muscle contraction resulted in a significantly different MVIC and MDF but no significant differences in IEMG and RMS. Therefore, compared to other lower leg muscles, the tibialis anterior muscle is a low-frequency muscle and therefore electrophysiological characteristics of the muscle should be considered in different exercise methods.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.247-264
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• 1997

501 preschool children from 4 to 6 years were examined for their salivary reductase activity and caries experience by Resazurin Disc Test and dental examination respectively. We asked the parents about their children's oral hygiene habits, between-meal eating habits, and physical exercise habits by the questionnaire. Toothbrushing frequency had negative relation to salivary reductase activity and caries experience. Caries experience was low when parents did toothbrushing for children, when teeth were brushed at bedtime, and when fluoride toothpastes were used. Salivary reductase activity and caries experience were high in bread & cookies group, chocolates & candies group, milk & soft drink group, and fruits & vegetables group in order. Caries experience was high in case of irregular between-meal eating. Sweet food eating frequency had positive relation to caries experience. Caries activity was low in case of eating homemade non-sweet between-meals. Salivary reductase activity and caries experience were low when gum-chewing frequency was high. Salivary reductase activity and caries experience were high when the amount of physical exercise was low.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.485-494
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• 2016

Purpose: The present research is a descriptive study aimed at understanding clinical nurses' Video display terminal (VDT) syndrome and identifying the factors that affect their VDT syndrome. Methods: Data were collected from 239 clinical nurses working in two metropolitan cities. Research tools included subject's VDT syndrome assessing musculoskeletal, ophthalmic, dermal, psychiatric, and whole body syndromes. The data were analyzed using frequency analysis, average and standard deviation, t-test, One-way ANOVA, and multiple regression analysis with the SPSS/WIN 20.0 program. Results: The subjects' VDT syndrome score was 1.34 out of 5. There were significant differences in participating subjects' VDT syndrome, hospital's size, working unit, health status, diagnosis of illness, having an Order Communication System (OCS), having an Electronic Medical Record (EMR) System, continuous VDT working for more than one hour, break time during VDT use, VDT use time, comfort of the chair, adjustability of the height of the chair, size of the VDT's desk, distance between the monitor and the user's eyes, resolution of the monitor, and frequency of eye exercise during VDT use. According to the research, influencing factors on VDT syndrome in clinical nurses included size of the VDT's desk, frequency of eye exercise during VDT use, having an EMR system, break time during VDT use, diagnosis illness, and having an OCS' system. Conclusion: The findings from this study can be used as a basis for future VDT syndrome prevention education and programs for clinical nurses.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.232-244
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• 2002

This study investigated the correlation between health-related habits and the biochemical characteristics of the blood of Korean bus drivers. A total of 178 bus drivers working in the Masan area participated in this study. The general characteristics and health-related habits of the subjects were surveyed using a serf-administered questionnaire. The biochemical date were collected from regular health check-ups done through their workshop health insurance company in lune, 1999. The results were as follows : The average age of the subjects was 38 years, and 44.2% had a driving career of between 10 and 19 years. About 90% of the subjects ate irregularly, and 36% ate. health floods. Their rates of drinking, smoking and exercise were 74.6%, 83.6% and 70.8%, respectively. Their frequency of drinking was significantly increased as the length of their driving career increased (p < 0.001). Their levels of total serum cholesterol, in relation to the length of their driving career was significantly higher in the over 20 year group than in the below 10 year group (p < 0.05). Their systolic blood pressures, according to age, were significantly higher in the 51 to 60 age group than in the other groups (p < 0.05). Their total um cholesterol levels signiscantly increased with increasing age (p < 0.001). Their diastolic blood pressures (p < 0.001) and blood glucose levels (p < 0.05) were significantly higher among the subjects who drinking alcohol almost everyday, than among other subjects. Their systolic blood pressures who significantly increased with increasing frequency of their drinking (p < 0.001). The systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure were positively related to age, the amount of drinking, the frequency of drinking and the obesity index, and negatively related to exercise and the duration of exercise. The hemoglobin was positively related to age, preference for a meat diet and the obesity index. The blood glucose was positively related to the amount of drinking, and the total serum cholesterol was positively related to age, length of driving career, period of smoking and the obesity index. The results of this study indicated that bus drivers need regular exercise, moderation of their drinking and smoking, and control of their body weights so as to prevent chronic diseases.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.222-230
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• 1999

Obesity is an excessive increased state of total body fat, and diabetes is a disease lack or defect of insulin which controls blood sugar. The reason of obesity and diabetes are history, lack of exercise, overeating, stress and so forth. The principle of dietary modification in the obesity and diabetes are controling total calorie control, and taking orderly meals, and restricting high calorie food. General exercise guidance will recommend to take precedence over the medical diagnosis, case history test before the exercise begins, and the beginning of exercise. It start with light excercise, and gradually enhance intensity The fundamental and effective cure of obesity and diabetes is aerobic exercise (as jogging, swimming, playing tennis, aerobic dancing). It is reasonable for exercise intensity to be 60~80$\%$ HRmax(50~70$\%$ $Vo_2$ max) and for the duration to be 15~60minutes a day and frequency to be 3~6 times a week. Especially the exercise intensity may be changeable according to the, pattern of diabetes. The snack that contains carbohydrate during exercise will discontinue the exercise when insulin activity is reached on high peak, and it is a proper way taking 15~20g's carbohydrate contained food against possibility of the low blood sugar occurance after exercise, At last, it is much effective the exercise therapy is combined with the diet therapy for best diabetes treatment.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.507-521
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• 1999

Yu-Dong-Kong exercise is to produce heat from rubbing hands and is composed of 10 different types of exercise using warmed hands. The objective of this research is to evaluate the effect of Yu-Dong-Kong exercise on physical function and emotional state in elderly. The design of research is Nonequivalent Control Group Pretest-Posttest Design. The independent variable is Yu-Dong-Kong exercise, and the dependent variables are physical function and emotional state. Subjects are 18 elderly in the experimental group and 16 elderly in control group. All of them are above 60 year old and live in 1-city, Kyonggi-do. The exercise period was 4 weeks and data were collected from April to August in 1998. The exercise frequency was once a day. The exercise duration was from 10 to 20 minutes. The measurement tools are modified 1) Cornell Medical Index-Health questionnaire and 2) Geriatric Depression Scale. Collected data were analyzed by t-test and paired t-test based on the purposes of research using SPSS-Window package. The results are summarized as follows : 1. There was no difference in pre-exercise physical function between two groups (t=-.95, p=.35). 2. The hypothesis that 'physical function in the experimental group will be improved compared to the control group' was not supported by t-test(t=-.925, p=.362). However. the physical function in the experimental group showed much improvement than that in the control group. 3. The hypothesis that 'emotional state in the experimental group will be improved compared to the control group' was not supported by t-test(t=-1.715, p=.096). However, the emotional state in the experimental group showed much improvement than that in the control group. 4. The hypothesis that 'physical function will be improved in the post-exercise compared to pre-exercise' was not supported by paired t-test(t=.302, p=.766) However, a slight improvement in the physical function was found. For the further study, it is recommended to reevaluate the effect of Yu-Dong-Kong exercise through large number of subjects and long-term study. Also, a separate study with different type of subjects is recommended. In addition, continuation and compliance this strategy for exercise should be developed.