• 성인간호학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.356-368
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• 2000

The purposes of this study were 1) to identify determinants of exercise behavior 2) to determine theoretical frameworks that were used in other research 3) to investigate the limitations of exercise research. seventy six research papers, published between 1984-1999, were selected by searching Medline for this study. Research subjects, determinants of exercise behavior, exercise measurement, the design of studies, statistical method and theoretical background were examined. The results are as follows. 1. On the research subjects, most research papers studied healthy adults. 2. Thirteen variables were identified that were used more than 5 times in various researches were self efficacy, barrier, social support, benefit, physiological characteristics, habit, personality, intention, health status, motivation, subjective norm, attitude, and affect. The most frequently supported determinant was self efficacy, the second one was social support, the third was affect and so on. But few research papers found any significant relationship between subject norms or attitude and exercise. 3. On exercise measurement, only 22.4% of research papers considered intensity, duration, frequency as elements of exercise, and 64.5% of researches were assessed by self-reported questionnaires. 4. In research design, 80.3% of research papers were survey type research. The most frequently used statistcal method was Regression. 5. 44.8% of research papers were done without any theoretical basis. Based on the above findings the following suggestions are made : 1. Research which includes diverse populations with different levels of health status needs to be studied. 2. Determinants of exercise may be dynamic and varing in their influence, therefore, stages of exercise behavior and processes of change need to be studied. 3. In research design, more prospective, longitudinal studies are needed to identify determinants of exercise habits. 4. It is necessary to develop a reliable, valid exercise measurement tool. 5. Studies are needed to develop a theoretical framework for exercise behavior.

• 성인간호학회지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.610-619
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• 2001

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to verify the effectiveness of the model based on the TPB, behavior-related theories, and exercise-related empirical studies in predicting exercise intention and behavior. Methods: The subjects who participated in this study were 152 middle-aged women. The data were analyzed by use of SAS PC program and LISREL 8.12a program. Results: 1) The overall fit of the hypothetical model to the data was acceptable ($\chi^2$ 24.01(p=0.0043), $\chi^2/df$ 2.67, RMSEA 0.11, standardized RMR 0.04, GFI 0.97, AGFI 0.84, NFI 0.95, NNFI 0.85). 2) Affect, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control and habit were significant determinants of the exercise intention. Attitude and facilitating conditions were not significant determinants. These six variables explained 43% of the total variance of the exercise intention. 3) Perceived behavioral control and habit were significant determinants of the exercise behavior. Intention and facilitating conditions were not significant determinants. These four variables explained 95% of the total variance of the exercise behavior. Conclusion: This study shows the model's applicabiltiy in explaining exercise behavior of middle-aged women, and suggests that we should focus on perceived behavioral control and habit rather than intention to improve exercise behavior of middle-aged women.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.537-548
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• 2000

The objectives of this study were to verify the effectiveness of the Theory of Planned Behavior in predicting exercise intention and exercise behavior, and to examine the determinants of exercise intention and exercise behavior in the sample of middle-aged women. The subjects who participated in this study were 263 middle-aged women. The instruments used for this study was a survey of general characteristics, attitude (18 items), subjective norm (2 items), perceived behavioral control (19 items), intention (3 items), and exercise behavior (7 items and 23 items for each). Analysis of data was done by use of descriptive statistics and correlation analysis with SAS PC program. The hypothetical model based on the Theory of Planned Behavior was tested by use of LISREL 8.12a program. The results of this study were as follows. 1) The overall fit of the hypothetical model to the data was good(chi-square=11.76, p=0.03, RMSEA=0.07, standardized RMR= 0.03, GFI=0.99, AGFI=0.94, NFI=0.97, NNFI=0.95). 2) Perceived behavioral control, attitude, and subjective norm were significant determinants of exercise intention, and these variables explained 35% of the total variance of exercise intention. 3) Perceived behavioral control, intention, and attitude were significant determinants of exercise behavior. But, subjective norm was not a significant determinants. These four variables explained 69% of the total variance of exercise behavior. In conclusion, this study shows the applicability of the Theory of Planned Behavior in explaining exercise behavior of middle-aged women, and suggests that health care providers should focus on perceived behavioral control and attitude rather than subjective norm to improve exercise behavior of middle-aged women.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.1092-1096
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• 2004

Purpose: A dance exercise program was performed to investigate the effects of exercise on exercise intention and exercise-related affect as these are important determinants of exercise behavior. Method: The subjects were overweight (23$\leq$BMI<25) or obese (BMI$\geq$25) postmenopausal women (n=14), who participated in an exercise program from May, 2003 through November, 2003 at one public health center located in Kyong-gi Province. Data was analyzed with an SAS PC program. Result: Exercise intention was significantly increased after the exercise program (t=-2.24, P=0.04). Exercise-related affect was also increased, but there was no statistically significant change (t=1.81, P=0.09). Conclusion: This study suggests that exercise participation can increase the level of future exercise behavior by increasing exercise intention and exercise-related affect.

• 보건의료산업학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.77-89
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• 2011

This study conducted a secondary analysis by using original data of performed by Korea Institute for Health and Social Affairs to know factors affecting determinants of health using Lalonde model for the adults aged over 19 years living in Korea. The survey was conducted in 2009 and it evaluated finally 5,867 cases by excluding cases with no answer or a wrong answer. This study model adopted two categories of instrument measure health were objective (Average remaining lifetime) and subjective(EQ-5D) health status. The health determinants included in this study could be divided in to four categories, which were human biology, environment, lifestyle, and health care organization. The results were as follows. In the factors affecting average remaining lifetime, human biology were sex, ages, BMI, showed statistically significant difference, environment category were merry status, education showed statistically significant difference, lifestyle category were exercise, drunks showed statistically significant difference and health care organization category were vaccination, health screening showed statistically significant difference. In the factors affecting EQ-5D, human biology category and health care organization category showed with same average remaining lifetime, environment category were merry status, education, income showed statistically significant difference and lifestyle category were exercise, drunks, stress showed statistically significant difference. The results demonstrated that the best powerful factor was life style category and environment category, the least factor was health care organization category. So lifestyle style and environment category should be considered for the future health plan, budget allocation and the priority in the health care.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.173-186
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• 2003

The objectives of this study were to verify the determinants of regular exercise behavior in female workers by applying a modified Theory of Planned Behavior. The variables investigated for this study were health status, health concern, health habit, attitude (7 items), subjective norm (3 items), and perceived behavioral control(5 items). Data was collected from 204 female workers using a self-administered questionnaire. The results of this study were as follows. 1) Regular exercise behavior was significantly influenced by perceived behavior control for time, pleasurable attitude, and the subjective norm of their colleagues. 2) A modified Theory of Planned Behavior is particularly useful in explaining exercise behavior of female workers. We suggest that health care providers should focus on not only attitude and social norms but also perceived behavioral control in order to improve the exercise behavior of female workers.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제50권6호
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• pp.740-756
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• 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect on blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) according to aerobic exercise characteristics in adults with hypertension using a systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods: The related researches were selected from PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane library, CINAHL, PsycINFO, SPORTDiscus and 5 domestic databases up to September 4, 2019. To estimate the effect size, random effect models were used to derive weighted mean differences (WMD) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) of aerobic exercise on BP and HR. Results: A total of 37 RCTs with 1,813 samples were included. Aerobic exercise was found to significantly reduce systolic BP (WMD, - 8.29 mmHg; 95% CI, - 10.12 to - 6.46), diastolic BP (WMD, - 5.19 mmHg; 95% CI, - 6.24 to - 4.14) and HR (WMD, - 4.22 beats/min; 95% CI, - 5.36 to -3.09). In detail, systolic BP and diastolic BP were significantly decreased in all groups of exercise types, frequency and duration. Systolic BP and diastolic BP were significantly decreased in the moderate and vigorous-intensity group. Exercise characteristics with the most dramatical change in systolic BP were water-based training, moderate-intensity, 3 times a week and 8 to 11 weeks of duration. In diastolic BP, the greatest effect size was over 24 weeks of exercise. Conclusion: Moderate aerobic exercise, especially water-based exercise can be an important part of lifestyle modification for hypertensive patients. Also, it can be recommended in a variety of clinical settings for lowering BP and HR. However, there is insufficient evidence that low-intensity exercise is effective in lowering BP.

• 한국노년학
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.1213-1225
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• 2008

본 연구는 고령자들의 운동지속 행동에 영향을 미치는 사회심리적 결정요인들을 분석하는데 목적을 두었다. 계획된 행동이론을 바탕으로 본 연구는 고령자들의 건강에 대한 위험지각, 역경의 상황에서도 운동을 실천할 수 있다는 믿음(자기효능감), 운동결과에 대한 기대와 평가(태도), 운동에 대한 주위 사람들의 의사를 따르려는 생각(집단동조)과 같은 사회인지적 요인들이 고령자들의 운동지속 행동(의도성, 실행력, 지속성)에 영향을 미치는 결정요인이라고 예상했다. 연구 대상자들은 서울시에 위치한 노인복지관과 노인대학 등에서 선정된 65세 이상의 남녀 노인 453명(남: 171명, 여: 282명)이었다. 이들의 사회인지적 요인들과 운동지속 행동 요인들은 일련의 질문지를 사용하여 측정됐다. 위계적 중다회귀분석 결과는 본 연구에서 제안된 사회인지적 요인들(자기효능감, 운동태도, 집단동조, 건강위험지각)이 운동의도에 영향을 미치는 결정요인이라는 사실을 제시해 주고 있다. 그러나 운동의도에 대한 집단동조와 건강위험지각의 예측력은 매우 미약하게 나타났다. 또한 운동의도는 초기 운동실행의 가장 강력한 결정요인으로 나타났으며, 초기 운동실행은 지속적인 운동행동을 가장 강력하게 예측해 주었다. 이러한 결과들은 고령자 운동지속 행동에 영향을 미치는 사회심리적 결정요인들이 시간의 경과에 따라 역동적으로 변화할 수 있다는 가능성을 시사해 주고 있다.

• 대한수학회보
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.289-294
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• 1996

The double Gamma function had been defined and studied by Barnes [4], [5], [6] and others in about 1900, not appearing in the tables of the most well-known special functions, cited in the exercise by Whittaker and Waston [25, pp. 264]. Recently this function has been revived according to the study of determinants of Laplacians [8], [11], [15], [16], [19], [20], [22] and [24]. Shintani [21] also uses this function to prove the classical Kronecker limit formula. Its p-adic analytic extension appeared in a formula of Casson Nogues [7] for the p-adic L-functions at the point 0.

• 대한물리치료과학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.745-758
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• 2001

The purpose of study to phenomenological examine and the mechanism regarding the gene(DNA, RNA, Protein) and sports to studied, analyzed. and evaluated. This review considers the evidence for genetic effects in several determinants of endurance performance and resistance performance, namely: body measurements and physique, body fat pulmonary functions, cardiac and circulatory functions, muscle characteristics. substrate utilization, maximal aerobic power and other. Moreover, the response to aerobic training of indicators aerobic work metabolism and endurance performance is reviewed, with emphasis on the specificity of the response and the individual differences observed in training ability. This study indicate that improvement of 'Enhancer Action' in RNA genes changed by exercise or sports. Moreover exercise was effect on Central Dogma with DNA makes RNA makes Protein. and think that occurred with exercise influence on skeletal muscle into cell have to Myosin Heavy Chain (MHC) changed was after exercise performance, which accompanied into skeletal muscle that were exercise-induces gene-modulation that is, take gene mutations. This study known that existed hormone(epinephrine)-immune system with interaction. Exercise were altered insulin binding and MAP Kinase signaling increased into immune cells. This review suggested that the high rate of glutamine utilization by cells of the immune system serves to maintain a high intra cellular concentration of the intermediates of biosynthetic pathways such that optimal rates of DNA, RNA and protein synthesis can be maintained. In the absence of glutamine, lymphocytes do not proliferate in vitro: proliferation increase greatly as the glutamine concentration increase. Glutamine is synthesized in skeletal muscle. Skeletal muscle and plasma glutamine levels are lowered by sepsis, injury, bums, surgery and endurance exercise and in the overtrained athlete. The study of result show that production of ET-1 is markedly increased tissue specifically in the heart by exercise without appreciable changes in endothelin-converting enzyme and endothelial receptor expressions, suggest that myocardial ET-1 may participate in modulation of cardiac function during exercise. Conclusionally, this study indicate that improvement of 'Enhancer Action' in RNA genes changed by exercise or sports. Moreover exercise was effect on Central Dogma with DNA makes RNA makes Protein. This study is expected to contribute the area of sports science, medicine, hereafter more effort is required to establish the relation between gene alters and exercise amount.