• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.553-562
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• 2013

This study was performed to develop cold-heat and deficiency-excess pattern identification for dementia, as well as for standard Korean medicine diagnosis and treatment. Five experts comprised of 4 neuropsychiatrists of Korean medicine and 1 statistician to develop cold-heat and deficiency-excess pattern identification for dementia. We searched studies about pattern identification and selected 507 articles using Oasis search terms provided by the KIOM. As a result, 10 pattern identification research study were recruited. Moreover, we analyzed neuropsychological assessments for dementia that evaluate Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia (BPSD) and cognitive function using experts conferences and we selected neuropsychological instruments using pattern identification. Six cold patterns, six heat patterns, ten deficiency patterns, and four excess patterns were identified according to the cold-heat and deficiency-excess pattern identification of dementia. We selected the Caregiver-Administered Neuropsychiatric Inventory and the Korean Mini-Mental State Examination as neuropsychological assessments of dementia, which examine behavioral symptoms and cognitive function, suspectively. We formed positive and negative correlation between Korean medicine pattern identification and neuropsychological assessments for dementia. We developed and suggested a forecast module of pattern identification for dementia. But, it is necessary to perform additional clinical trials to verify its validity and accuracy.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.63-74
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• 2003

The build-up of the heat field in shallow coastal water due to a point source has been investigated using an analytical solution of a time-integral form derived by extending the solutions by Holley(1969) and also presented in Harleman (1971). The uniform water depth is assumed with non-isotropic turbulent dispersion. The alongshore-flow is assumed to be uni-directional, spatially uniform and oscillatory. Due to the presence of the oscillatory alongshore-flow, the heat build-up occurs in an oscillatory manner, and the excess temperature thereby fluctuates in that course and even in the quasi-steady state. A series of calculations reveal that proper choices of the decay coefficient as well as dispersion coefficients are critical to the reliable prediction of the excess temperature field. The dispersion coefficients determine the absolute values of the excess temperature and characterize the shoreline profile, particularly within the tidal excursion distance, while the decay coefficient determines the absolute value of the excess temperature and the convergence rate to that of the quasi-steady state. Within the e-folding time scale $1/k_d$ (where $k_d$ is the heat decay coefficient), heat build-up occurs more than 90% of the quasi-steady state values in a region within a tidal excursion distance (L), while occurs increasingly less the farther we go to the downstream direction (about 80% at 1.25L, and 70% at 1.5L). Calculations with onshore and offshore discharges indicate that thermal spreading in the direction of the shoreline is reduced as the shoreline constraint which controls the lateral mixing is reduced. The importance of collecting long-term records of in situ meteorological conditions and clarifying the definition of the heat loss coefficient is addressed. Interactive use of analytical and numerical modeling is recommended as a desirable way to obtain a reliable estimate of the far-field excess temperature along with extensive field measurements.

• 한국항행학회논문지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.65-71
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• 2016

양자점 셀룰라 오토마타 (QCA; quantum-dot cellular automata)는 나노 규모의 크기와 낮은 전력 소비로 각광받고 있으며, CMOS 기술의 규모의 한계를 극복할 수 있는 대체 기술로 떠오르고 있다. 현재까지 QCA상에서 설계된 BCD-3초과 코드는 확장성을 고려하지 않았으며 대규모 회로 설계에는 적합하지 않았다. 이를 해결하기 위해 본 논문에서는 확장성을 고려한 BCD-3초과 코드 회로를 설계한다. 확장이 가능한 구조를 설계하기 위해 확장된 교차부 구조를 이용하여 입력과 출력의 흐름을 제어하고, 출력되는 값들의 동기화를 위해 5입력 다수결 게이트를 이용한다. 설계한 구조에 대해 QCADesigner를 이용하여 시뮬레이션을 수행한 후 그 결과에 대해 유효성을 검증한다. 제안된 구조는 기존의 URG BCD-3초과 코드변환기와 비교하여 32개의 게이트를 줄이며 빈 공간의 비율 또한 7% 감소시켰다. 또한 확장성이 고려되지 않은 기존의 QCA BCD-3초과 코드 변환기가 회로 확장 시 필요한 7개의 클럭을 1개의 클럭으로 줄였다.

• 대한전자공학회논문지SD
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• 제45권9호
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• pp.8-13
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• 2008

균일하게 도핑된 반도체에서, 분포된 확산 잡음원에 의해서 발생하는 단자잡음전류의 전력주파수밀도를 계산하였다. 고정된 전압에서 반도체의 길이가 작아짐에 따라, 또는 주어진 반도체에서 전류레벨이 증가함에 따라, AC 단락잡음전류는 열잡음 뿐만 아니라 과잉잡음을 보인다. 이 과잉잡음은 채널길이가 외인성 Debye 길이에 비해 매우 작은 경우에는 산탄잡음의 스펙트럼과 같은 모습을 보인다. 유한한 주파수에서 속도요동 잡음원에 의한 외인성 반도체에서 발생하는 과잉잡음을 최초로 유도하였다. 유도된 과잉잡음 공식은 반도체 채널의 통과 시간, 유전 이완 시간, 속도 이완 사이의 상호 작용에 따라 단자잡음 전류와 캐리어 농도 요동이 결정됨을 명시적으로 보여준다. 또한 유도된 해석적 식을 사용하여 여러 가지 반도체 샘플 길이와 바이어스, 주파수에 따른 잡음 스펙트럼의 변화도를 계산하였다. 유도된 공식은 quasi-ballistic 수송현상이 중요한 역할을 하는 나노스케일 MOSFET의 잡음 발생 기제를 이해할 수 있는 기반이 된다.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.85-95
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• 1995

This study was conducted to investigate the immune response of layers fed diets supplemented with excess micronutrients, i.e., vitamin A, methionine, Zn, Cu, and Fe to the inoculation of Newcastle disease vaccine(NDV) or infectious bronchitis vaccine(IBV). The antibody titer against the NDV increased immediately after the inoculation and stayed high during the next 6 wk. On the other hand, The antibody titer against the IBV increased after 4 wk of inoculation The IgM level increased rapidly after 1 wk of NDV inoculation, however, it decreased after 5 wk of inoculation. The IgA displayed similar pattern to that of IgM in response to NDV inoculation. The pattern of IgM change after IBV inoculation was similar to that when layers were treated with NDV. However, IgA level changed earlier than did IgM. The IgG response to the NDV and IBV was very weak compared to the other immune responses. The excess supplementation of micronutrients to the diets of layers inoculated with NDV elicited favorable antibody titer and immune response compared to the layers fed the control diet. The excess Zn, however, allowed the layers to have higher antibody titer for the 4-wk period after NDV injection: after that they showed no effect of extra-Zn. The immune responses of layers fed excess vitamin A, Cu, methionine, and Fe were markedly higher in IgA and IgG than the control layers. The excess Zn, however, did not bring about any favorable result. No difference was detected in IgG level between control and micronutrients-treated groups.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제9권6호
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• pp.103-111
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• 2011

본 연구는 부모-자녀 관계가 청소년들의 인터넷 사용에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 하였다. 부모 자녀관계를 폭력과 방임에 따라 구분하고 인터넷과다사용은 일상생활 문제, 계획한 일을 실행못함, 과다사용, 타인과의 갈등관계 등을 포함하여 일반군, 잠재적위험군, 고위험군으로 구분하였다. 연구 결과, 폭력적이고 방임적인 부모관계에서 잠재적 위험군, 고위험청소년이 높게 나타났고 이는 부모 자녀관계가 청소년들의 인터넷 사용에 영향이 있음을 시사한다. 청소년들의 인터넷사용을 줄이고 중독으로 진행되지 않게 하기 위해서는 부모의 역할이 중요하며, 청소년들의 발달단계를 세심하게 이해해야 한다. 또한 인터넷에 몰입하는 청소년들에게 여가문화를 즐길 수 있는 놀이프로그램, 체험프로그램의 개발과 보급이 요구된다. 또한 인터넷 중독 전문인력 양성과 지원으로 문제가 발생한 청소년들에게 일회성이 아닌 지속적인 상담과 치료가 이루어져야 할 것이다.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2003

항진균제로 잘 알려진 아졸계 화합물인 이트라코나졸 전구체에 대한 광학선택성 lipase 생산균주 탐색을 수행하였다. 본 라세믹 기질을 선택적으로 가수분해하는 lipase 생산균주 인 Acinetobacter sp. SY-01 를 분리하였고, 효소 가수분해반응을 수행한 결과 본 라세믹 기질은 전환율이 74.8%에 도달하였을 때 95.6%의 ee값을 가지는 S-ester로 분할되었다. 전환율은 온도 $50^{\circ}C$, pH 7.0에서 가장 높게 나타났고, 광학선택성은 온도, pH에 의해 영향을 받지 않았다. 용매의 첨가에 의해 전환율은 감소하였으나 광학선택성은 약간 증가하였다. 기질농도가 증가함에 따라 광학선택성은 감소하였고, 이것은 가수분해반응 생성물에 의한 영향으로 확인되어 반응 생성물을 제거함으로써 광학선택성을 증가시킬 수 있었다.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제37권7호
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• pp.673-680
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• 2000

The effect of excess PbO(0, 1, 2, 4, and 8 mol%) on grain growth and densification of (65)Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-(35)PbTiO3 [mol%] ceramics has been investigaetd. With increasing the amount of excess PbO and sintering time, densities of sintered samples decreased gradually. The samples containing less than 1 mol% of PbO showed normal grain growth behavior, however abnormal grain growth was observed to occur in the samples with more than 2 mol% of PbO. In the samples with more than 2 mol% of PbO, the number of abnormal grains decreased and thus the average grain size became smaller with increasing the amount of excess PbO. These results demonstrated that the abnormal grain growth started to occur when a critical amount of excess PbO was added to a (65)Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-(35)PbTiO3 sample. Since PMN-PT grains in a liquid matrix were angular, the observed abnormal grain growth was explained to proceed through the two dimensional nucleation process.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.53-61
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• 1968

Maximal oxygen debt, lactate and excess lactate were measured in 13 men with low hematocrit ratio before and after maximal exercise. Maximal exercise run was performed on a treadmill and the duration of run was 2 minutes 45 seconds in each subject. Hematocrit ratio ranged between 35 and 47%, the mean being 39.8%. The following results were obtained. 1. Maximal oxygen debt expressed on basis of body weight increased as the hematocrit ratio decreased. The correlation coefficient between the two was r= -0.770. 2. The time necessary for decreasing to 50% of total maximal $O_2$ debt(half time) became longer as the hematocrit ratio decreased. In normal men the half time was about 4 minutes and at the longest it was 12 minutes in men with the lowest hematocrit ratio. 3. The lactate concentration reached its peak value after 3 minutes of recovery. Thereafter, the time course of decrease in lactate concentration coincided roughly with that of respiratory oxygen debt curve. To reach to the resting level, however, it took longer time than that of respiratory oxygen debt. 4. Resting concentrations of lactate was 1.28 mM/l, pyruvate 0.13 mM/l and L/P ratio was 9.8. Peak value of ${\Delta}L$ after exercise reached to the value of 10.4 mM/l and ${\Delta}L/P$ reached 26.0. Peak excess lactate after exercise was 6.34 mM/l. 5. The part of oxygen debt accounted for by the oxygen equivalent of excess lactate was only 38.4%. A better relationship between lactate and oxygen debt was observed and the part of oxygen debt accounted for by the oxygen equivalent of lactate was 63.3%. 6. Peak value of lactate after maximal exercise increased as the hematocrit ratio decreased. 7. Respiratory oxygen debt of 100 ml/kg was accounted for by lactate more than 60% and only 30% was by excess lactate. 8. Excess lactate was not a good index of respiratory oxygen debt.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.71-80
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• 2012

Against the backdrop of the clear impact of climate change, it has become essential to analyze the influence of climate change and relevant vulnerabilities. This research involved evaluating the impact of heat waves in Seoul, from among many local autonomous bodies that are responsible for implementing measures on adapting to climate change. To carry out the evaluation, the A1B scenario was used to forecast future temperature levels. Future climate scenario results were downscaled to $1km{\times}1km$ to result in the incorporation of regional characteristics. In assessing the influence of heat waves on people-especially the excess mortality-we analyzed critical temperature levels that affect excess mortality and came up with the excess mortality. Results of this evaluation on the impact of climate change and vulnerabilities indicate that the number of days on which the daily average temperature reaches $28.1^{\circ}C$-the critical temperature for excess mortality-in Seoul will sharply increase in the 2050s and 2090s. The highest level of impact will be in the month of August. The most affected areas in the summer will be Songpa-gu, Gangnam-gu, and Yeongdeungpo-gu. These areas have a high concentration of residences which means that heat island effects are one of the reasons for the high level of impact. The excess mortality from heat waves is expected to be at least five times the current figure in 2090. Adaptation plan needs to be made on drawing up long-term adaptation measures as well as implementing short-term measures to minimize or adapt the impact of climate change.