• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.289-306
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• 1998

For continuous development of professional nursing to the powerful professional organization, it is essential that the public understand and help nursing. This research was done to identify the image of nurses and factors that determine that image. The study subjects were 97 admitted patients 95 family members of patients who were admitted to a university hospital and a general hospital in Seoul and 164 parents of stutents in elemantary, middle, high schools in Seoul. The total numbers of subjects was 356. The researcher collected the data from April 13.1998 to April 20.1998. The Research tool was developed by the researcher following a literature review. Cronbach ${\alpha}$ for the tool of the image of nurses was 0.9397 and Cronbach a for the tool for determinants of the image was 0.8764. The obtained data were processed by SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Science) and the results are as follows : 1. The mean score for the image of nurses was 90.40${\pm}$15.15(range 47${\sim}$138) indicating a positive response. 2. Analysis of the image of nurses : Four factors were identified traditional. social. professional and personal image. The mean score for traditional image was 3.27. the second highest score. and for social image. 2.95. the lowest score. The mean score for professional image score was 3.48. the highest score. and for personal image, 3.20. a lower score. 3. The image of nurses according to respondents There were significant differences for traditional. social, professional. personal factors between subject groups. A more positive responses was found in the patients and patient' families as a compared to the students' parents. 4. Image of nurses related general characteristics : There was a significant difference for age and school graduation. More negative responses were found in the 31${\sim}$40 years old age group and in the higher educated group. 5. Image of nurses related to experience of nurses The respondents showed a more negative image when their experience related to nurses through the mass media, as a compared to the experiences of having talked with patient who had been admitted to hospital. For the social image factor. a more negative attitude was revealed for those who had the experience of patient who had been admitted to hospital as compared to other factors. 6. Determinants of image of nurses : There were three factors that were named subjective. administrative and media . The mean for the subjective factor score was 3.85. the highest score of the three factors. The mean for the administrative factor score was 3.53. And the mean for the media factor score was 3.27. 7. Determinants of image of nurses according to respondents group : There were no significant differences(F= 1.95, P= .14) Consequently the result showed a low social image of nurses. So. nurses must work to improve the social image of nurses through scientific approaches and by monitoring the mass media for correct descriptions of nurses. Also. it is necessary that excellent education for service and politeness be continually provided in order to positively effect the personal image field. It is also importent to raise the expectations of the recipients of nursing care by having a strategy for the determinants of the image of nurses that allows nurses to personnally develop professionally.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.113-122
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• 2015

Objective : The purpose of this study was to analyze the foot-pressure distribution of 2D(2 dimensional form) & 3D(3 dimensional form; a customized arch-fit for posture correction) insoles for assessing their biomechanical functionality. Background : Recently there has been increased interest in both foot health and foot pain patients. Analysis of the plantar pressure was often used to solve the problems of the foot displayed by such people as rheumatoid arthritis patients. Method : Subjects who participated in this study were 17 female university students who had no previous injury experience in lower limbs and a normal gait pattern. The shoe size of all subjects was 240 mm. Two models of insoles of 2D(typical flat insole - 2 dimensional form) and 3D(special production - 3 dimensional form) were selected for the test. Using the Pedar-X system and Pedar-X insoles, 4.0 km/h of walking speed, and a compilation of 50 steps walking stages were used to analyze foot-pressure distribution. Results : Results of the foot-pressure distribution and biomechanical functionality on each insole were as follows; analyses of mean plantar pressure, maximum plantar pressure, maximum vertical GRF, and plantar pressure curve shape all showed overall low plantar pressure and GRF. Conclusion : This can be evaluated as an excellent insole for low levels on the plantar pressure and GRF. Therefore, it is possible to conclude that according to this analysis the 3D Customized Arch-fit Insole was better than 2D insole on the basis of these criteria.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.717-725
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• 2019

This study is to analyze the effects of the shipping company's core competencies on the satisfaction of the cadets who have completed the consignment practice at the shipping company and on the long-term boarding and onboard company choice after graduation. To do this, the survey was conducted on 211 cadets who completed consignment practice by setting up questionnaires based on prior research. the results of the verification by setting up the hypothesis were then derived as follows: First, the value and persistence of the shipping companies's core competences have a impact on the satisfaction of the boarding practice, with an influence of 32.4 % and 32.7 % respectively. Second, the satisfaction of boarding practice had a significant impact on the choice of the boarding companies after graduation, with an influence of 49.7 %. Third, it has been found that there is a low influence of 4.5 % between the satisfaction of boarding practice and the long-term boarding. Fourth, it was found that 74 percent of the high influence was forming between the selection of the boarding companies and the long-term boarding. Based on research results, it was confirmed that the shipping company would need an effort to improve the satisfaction level of cadets are needed to increase core competencies and to retain excellent crews in order to improve the capability of ship management.

• The Journal of Korean Medical History
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.59-69
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• 2008

The "tang[tɑ:ŋ]" in Korean pronounciation means the beverage made of boiled medicinal herbs. The"Jeho-tang", the name of Drink in this abstract, is described in a variety of medical books including the "Dongeui Bogam" as being effective for illness from the summer heat in promoting digestion, curing the heatstroke and bringing it to a halt. The Drink was used as the Royal gifts granted to retainers and royal families on the Day of Dano-festival on the fifth of the fifth month of the year according to the lunar calendar, the items of encouragement for those who worked hard in sacrifices, and the awards for students of Confucianism who were proficient in their learning. The Jeho-tang used in this study was scientifically cooked again after a long time in history through looking at the methods written in the documents concerned with the Drink such as the "Dongeui Bogam" and the "Taste of Korea". In preparation of the medicinal herbs for the Drink, the powder of thinner than 30 mesh of the "Prunus mume", which is a species of Asian plum in the family of Rosaceae, and those of 50 mesh of the "Santalum album", which is the fragrant wood of trees in the genus Santalum and the "Amomum Xanthioides", which is produced in Vietnam and is the name of a kind of herb medicines, being very effective in the desease caused from heatstrare, were used. The sugar concentration of the honey boiled down long time at low heat was $82.43^{\circ}Bx$. When cooking in a double boiler, the inner part of the liquid for the Drink was kept at $80^{\circ}C$ for 12 hours to make it finished in a state of ointment. In the general composition of the finished Jeho-tang, the moisture content was 24.4%, 1.3% of crude fat, 1.4% crude protein and 0.7% ash, along with pH3.2. The acceptance on the whole was come out to be the highest in the sample diluted with the drinking water of 7-fold of the Jeho-tang, indicating that the 7-fold's addition of water was optimum level for drinking. In the Drink cooked by a vaccum pressure extractor for herb medicine, which was developed to improve the art of cooking, the longer the time of pressure was, the less the heterogeneous feeling at tongue was and the more the glossiness of the Drink was. The Jeho-tang cooked under pressure for 7 hours received an excellent evaluation in its acceptability in every way.

• Journal for History of Mathematics
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.127-146
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• 2007

From 1876 to 1883, British mathematician James Joseph Sylvester worked as the founding head of Mathematics Department at the Johns Hopkins University which has been known as America's first school of mathematical research. Sylvester established the American Journal of Mathematics, the first sustained mathematics research journal in the United States. It is natural that we think this is the most exciting and important period in American mathematics. But we found out that the International Congress of Mathematicians held at the World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago, August 21-26, 1893 was the real turning point in American's dedication to mathematical research. The University of Chicago was founded in 1890 by the American Baptist Education Society and John D. Rockefeller. The founding head of mathematics department Eliakim Hastings Moore was the one who produced many excellent American mathematics Ph.D's in early stage. Many of Moore's students contributed to build up real American mathematics research power in early 20 century The University also has a well-deserved reputation as the "teacher of teachers". Beginning with Sylvester, we analyze what E.H. Moore had done as a teacher and a head of the new department that produced many mathematical talents such as L.E. Dickson(1896), H. Slaught(1898), O. Veblen(1903), R.L. Moore(1905), G.D. Birkhoff(1907), T.H. Hilderbrants(1910), E.W. Chittenden(1912) who made the history of American mathematics. In this article, we study how Moore's vision, new system and new way of teaching influenced American mathematical society at early stage of the top class mathematical research. and the meaning that early University of Chicago case gave.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.53-69
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• 2001

As a nursing practice involves nurses'actions in a specific context of health care, this study has focused on exploring the espoused theories in nursing practice within the action science perspectives. Espoused theories are the belief, principles, and rationale expressed by the practitioner as guiding her/his actions in a situation of practice. The data were analysed qualitatively and 25 elements of espoused theories of nursing action were identified and clustered into 6 categories. The 25 elements of espoused theories are as follows: The clinical nurse worked in wholistic and individual nursing, focussed on the patient's needed, comfort and supportive nursing (5 theories of nursing goal); excellent skills, knowledge based, assessment and data collection, explaining, educating or a scientific basis(6 theories of nursing intervention): advocacy, value oriented, treatment, accountability and commitment(4 theories of nursing ethics); human respect, partnership, trust(3 theories of patient-nurse relationship) : knowledgable, accumulated clinical experiences and personally lived experiences, positive perspectives(4 theories of nurse), role of intervention, rewarding, peer relationship(3 theories of situations). The above mentioned espoused theories are similar to that of nursing textbooks which students learned through basic nursing education and almost the same as the Acts ofa Nurse in Korean. However, we are doubtful whether nurses actually do as they think. Therefore, it is recommended to review the theories-in-use in order to find any discrepancies between the espoused theories and the reality of nursing actions.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.11 no.8
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• pp.159-169
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• 2011

Due to media's characteristics, the methods of acting expression in stage differ from that in media. However, actors playing in either genre use the same internalization as the basis of their performance. The acting arising from actors' internalization is the same in stage acting and media acting. Nevertheless, media acting, by its genre characteristics, requires a more delicate and natural acting than that in stage acting. Such is because media acting shows a far more detailed and amplified performance that is shown on screen. The purpose of this research is to examine how to differentiate the expression characteristics of media acting from the expression methods of stage acting. Through this research, I attempt to present the expression methods of media acting that can show real life acting reflecting media's distinct characteristics, with the aim of benefiting students who practice media acting or professional actors. Diverse expression methods presented by training of media acting are expected to enable actors engaged in this field to produce excellent outcomes through acting training to successfully bring out a realistic and convincing performance through internalization. And together with the opportunity to build delicate and detailed acting styles that are required in media acting, acting styles that are differentiated from those in stage acting will also be discussed.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.607-616
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to confirm how the students have responded to their class according to STEB (science teaching efficacy belief) of secondary science teacher in astronomy classes. Middle school teachers in charge of 'The Solar System' and 'The Exosphere and Space Development' in the 2009 Revision Science Curriculum content system is selected as an object of study through random sampling method. Twenty-nine teachers were taken STEB questionnaire and asked to make it out. Twenty-seven completed a questionnaire of them is selected for this study. In addition, the top and bottom 5% selected through frequency analysis with the total score from the questionnaire were regarded as high and low STEB teachers. For data collection, this study was used methods such as semi-structured interviews, recording, participant observation. The results were as follows: First, science teachers of high STEB had a high accessibility about excellent professional knowledge and content of the curriculum relating to astronomical field. Second, high STEB teachers were prepared by the appropriate teaching strategies adequate to student-centered learning, whereas the low STEB teachers totally have had teacher-centered learning. Third, high STEB teachers had been provided as the idea that you can take advantage of a variety of instruments, as well as scientific knowledge through the Astronomical Society. Therefore, confidence in astronomical class and teaching strategies through content of the curriculum were very important variables to predict the STEB as well as astronomy-related class activities such as astronomical observations.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.281-294
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• 2011

Physics-based sound synthesis usually requires high computational costs and this results in a restriction of its use in real-time applications. This motivates us to implement the sound synthesis algorithm of plucked-string instruments using multi-core processor architectures and determine the optimal processing element (PE) configuration for the target instruments. To determine the optimal PE configuration, we evaluate the impacts of a sample-per-processing element (SPE) ratio that is defined as the amount of sample data directly mapped to each PE on system performance and both area and energy efficiencies using architectural and workload simulations. For the acoustic guitar, the highest area and energy efficiencies are achieved at a SPE ratio of 5,513 and 2,756, respectively, for the synthesis of musical sounds sampled at 44.1 kHz. In the case of the classical guitar, the maximum area and energy efficiencies are achieved at a SPE ratio of 22,050 and 5,513, respectively. In addition, the synthetic sounds were very similar to original sounds in their spectra. Furthermore, we conducted MUSHRA subjective listening test with ten subjects including nine graduate students and one professor from the University of Ulsan, and the evaluation of the synthetic sounds was excellent.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.291-300
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to identify the moderate effect of Ego gram between perceived stress and depression from university student according to smokers/non-smokers. The result of study shows the strong association between stress and depression. On the other hand, the moderated effect of Ego gram was different in the smoking and non-smoking groups. In the non-smoker group, the CP tendency which is pursued strictly control by oneself had a moderating effect on depression, and in the smoker group, the A tendency, which had excellent adaptability, creativity, and autonomy, reduced depression. On the other hand, in the smoking group, the AC tendency also showed a significant moderating effect. It is reported that a high AC tendency may cause a feeling of helplessness about the situation and cause negative emotions to conform to reality. This suggests that the individual's ego state to approach emotional state such as stress and depression should be considered together.