• Title/Summary/Keyword: exact sequence

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SYSTEMATIC APPROXIMATION OF THREE DIMENSIONAL FRACTIONAL PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS IN FLUID MECHANICS

  • KHAN, FIRDOUS;GHADLE, KIRTIWANT P.
    • Journal of the Korean Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics
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    • v.23 no.3
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    • pp.253-266
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    • 2019
  • In this article, a systematic solution based on the sequence of expansion method is planned to solve the time-fractional diffusion equation, time-fractional telegraphic equation and time-fractional wave equation in three dimensions using a current and valid approximate method, namely the ADM, VIM, and the NIM subject to the estimate initial condition. By using these three methods it is likely to find the exact solutions or a nearby approximate solution of fractional partial differential equations. The exactness, efficiency, and convergence of the method are demonstrated through the three numerical examples.

Weak u-S-flat Modules and Dimensions

  • Refat Abdelmawla Khaled Assaad;Xiaolei Zhang
    • Kyungpook Mathematical Journal
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    • v.63 no.3
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    • pp.333-344
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    • 2023
  • In this paper, we generalize the notions uniformly S-flat, briefly u-S-flat, modules and dimensions. We introduce and study the notions of weak u-S-flat modules. An R-module M is said to be weak u-S-flat if TorR1 (R/I, M) is u-S-torsion for any ideal I of R. This new class of modules will be used to characterize u-S-von Neumann regular rings. Hence, we introduce the weak u-S-flat dimensions of modules and rings. The relations between the introduced dimensions and other (classical) homological dimensions are discussed.

Contrast Enhanced Cerebral MR Venography: Comparison between Arterial and Venous Triggering Methods (조영 증강 자기공명정맥 촬영술에서의 동맥과 정맥 triggering 방법의 비교)

  • Jang, Min-Ji;Choi, Hyun-Seok;Jung, So-Lyung;Ahn, Kook-Jin;Kim, Bum-Soo
    • Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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    • v.16 no.2
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    • pp.152-158
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    • 2012
  • Purpose : To compare the arterial and venous detection sites of triggering methods in contrast-enhanced-MR-venography (CE-MRV) for the evaluation of intracranial venous system. Materials and Methods: 41 healthy patients underwent CE-MRV with autotriggering at either the cavernous segment of internal carotid artery with an inserted time-delay of 6 seconds (n = 20) or the superior sagittal sinus without any timedelay (n = 21). 0.1 mmol/kg gadolinium-based contrast material ($Magnevist^{(R)}$, Schering, Germany) was intravenously injected by hand injection. A sagittal fast-spoiled-gradient-echo-sequence ranging from one ear to the other was performed (TR/TE5.2/1.5, Matrix $310{\times}310$, 124 sections in the 15-cm-thick volume). 17 predefined venous structures were evaluated on all venograms by two neuroradiologists and defined as completely visible, partially visible, or none visible. Results: The rate of completely visible structures were 272 out of 323 (84%) in the arterial triggering CE-MRV and 310 out of 340 (91%) in the venous triggering CE-MRV. The venous triggering CE-MRV demonstrated an overall superior visualization of the cerebral veins than the arterial triggering CE-MRV (Fisher exact test, p < 0.006). Conclusion: CE-MRV using venous autotriggering method provides higher-quality images of the intracranial venous structures compared to that of arterial.

The suggestion of common cause of disease, characteristics of human body, and medical treatment (질병 발생의 원인과 특성에 대한 제언)

  • Cho, Byung-Jun;Kwon, Ki-Rok
    • Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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    • v.14 no.2
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    • pp.81-91
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    • 2011
  • Objectives & Methods: This suggestion was attempted to be elevated the recognition of common characteristics in disease. So, we performed to analyze the correlation of common cause of disease, characteristics of human body, and medical treatment. And the results are as follows. Results: 1. The cause of disease is consist of genetic factor, aging, habit, food of not good in health, weather, environment, deficit of the physical activity, stress and so on. 2. Generally, human has common and individual weakness. Individual weakness is appeared similar to the occurrence of volcano and lapse. 3. The correlation of disease and medical treatments is possible to explain using the quotation of the law of motion made by Isaac Newton, the great physicist. 4. When the process of the medical treatment was not progressed, the prognosis is determined by the correlation of the homeostasis(H') in human body and the homeostasis(H) of disease. 5. The prognosis of disease is determined by the relationship between the energy of disease(F) and medical treatment(F'). 6. The exact diagnosis is possible to predict the treatment sequence, and the facts that homeostasis in human body and disease, relationship between the energy of disease(F) and medical treatment(F'), action and reaction are important to determine the prognosis. 7. The careful observation of improving response and worsening action of disease becomes available for exact prognosis. Conclusion: The above described contents may be useful in clinical studies, and the concrete clinical reports about this will be made afterward.

Purification and Characterization of Glycerate Kinase From the Thermoacidophilic Archaeon Thermoplasma acidophilum: An Enzyme Belonging to the Second Glycerate Kinase Family

  • Noh, Mi-Young;Jung, Jin-Hwa;Lee, Sun-Bok
    • Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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    • v.11 no.4
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    • pp.344-350
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    • 2006
  • Thermoplasma acidophilum is a thermoacidophilic archaeon that grows optimally at $59^{\circ}C$ and pH 2. Along with another thermoacidophilic archaeon, Sulfolobus solfataricus, it is known to metabolize glucose by the non-phosphorylated Entner-Doudoroff (nED) pathway. In the course of these studies, the specific activities of glyceraldehyde dehydrogenase and glycerate kinase, two enzymes that are involved in the downstream part of the nED pathway, were found to be much higher in T. acidophilum than in S. solfataricus. To characterize glycerate kinase, the enzyme was purified to homogeneity from T. acidophilum cell extracts. The N-terminal sequence of the purified enzyme was in exact agreement with that of Ta0453m in the genome database, with the removal of the initiator methionine. Furthermore, the enzyme was a monomer with a molecular weight of 49kDa and followed Michaelis-Menten kinetics with $K_m$ values of 0.56 and 0.32mM for DL-glycerate and ATP, respectively. The enzyme also exhibited excellent thermal stability at $70^{\circ}C$. Of the seven sugars and four phosphate donors tested, only DL-glycerate and ATP were utilized by glycerate kinase as substrates. In addition, a coupled enzyme assay indicated that 2-phosphoglycerate was produced as a product. When divalent metal ions, such as $Mn^{2+},\;CO^{2+},\;Ni^{2+},\;Zn^{2+},\;Ca^{2+},\;and\;Sr^{2+}$, were substituted for $Mg^{2+}$ the enzyme activities were less than 10% of that obtained in the presence of $Mg^{2+}$. The amino acid sequence of T. acidophilum glycerate kinase showed no similarity with E. coli glycerate kinases, which belong to the first glycerate kinase family. This is the first report on the biochemical characterization of an enzyme which belongs to a member of the second glycerate kinase family.

A Prediction Search Algorithm in Video Coding by using Neighboring-Block Motion Vectors (비디오 코딩을 위한 인접블록 움직임 벡터를 이용한 예측 탐색 알고리즘)

  • Kwak, Sung-Keun
    • Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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    • v.12 no.8
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    • pp.3697-3705
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    • 2011
  • There is the temporal correlation of the video sequence between the motion vector of current block and the motion vector of previous block. In this paper, we propose a new prediction search algorithm for block matching using the temporal and spatial correlation of the video sequence and local statistics of neighboring motion vectors. The proposed ANBA(Adaptive Neighboring-Block Search Algorithm) determines the location of a better starting point for the search of an exact motion vector using the point of the smallest SAD(Sum of Absolute Difference) value by the predicted motion vectors of neighboring blocks around the same block of the previous frame and the current frame and use a previous motion vector. Simulation results show that PSNR(Peak-to-Signal Noise Ratio) values are improved up to the 1.06dB as depend on the video sequences and improved about 0.01~0.64dB over MVFAST and PMVFAST.

Optimal Teaching for a Spot Welding Robot Using CAD Data (CAD 데이타를 이용한 용접용 로보트의 최적 교시)

  • Yi, Soo-Yeong;Chung, Myung-Jin;Bien, Zeung-Nam
    • Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics
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    • v.27 no.10
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    • pp.24-33
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    • 1990
  • Since a number of welding points are distributed in an automobile part, the number of welding points alloted to each robot are large. So, there is an increasing need of an optimal sequence planning to minimize the total welding time. In this paper, an off-line programming scheme for effective teaching of a spot welding robot is presented. A collision free, optimal welding sequence planning is done through applying the modified Traveling Salesman Problem algorithm. Also, a data extraction method from an existing general CAD system is presented for reuse of the existing exact model data produced by a model designer and easy constructing the world model data base. The result show that the proposed system could enhance the efficiency of spot welding robot in automobile industry.

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A Modified Diamond Zonal Search Algorithm for Motion Estimation (움직임추정을 위한 수정된 다이아몬드 지역탐색 알고리즘)

  • Kwak, Sung-Keun
    • Journal of the Korea Computer Industry Society
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    • v.10 no.5
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    • pp.227-234
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    • 2009
  • The Paper introduces a new technique for block matching motion estimation. since the temporal correlation of a animation sequence between the motion vector of current block and the motion vector of previous block. In this paper, we propose the scene change detection algorithm for block matching using the temporal correlation of the animation sequence and the center-biased property of motion vectors. The proposed algorithm determines the location of a better starting point for the search of an exact motion vector using the point of the smallest SAD(sum of absolute difference) value by the predicted motion vector from the same block of the previous frame and the predictor candidate point on each search region. Simulation results show that the PSNR values are improved as high as 9~32% in terms of average number of search point per motion vector estimation and improved about 0.06~0.21dB on an average except the FS(full search) algorithm.

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Motion Estimation in Video Coding using Search Candidate Point on Region by Binary-Tree Structure (이진트리 구조에 따른 구간별 탐색 후보점을 이용한 비디오 코딩의 움직임 추정)

  • Kwak, Sung-Keun
    • Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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    • v.14 no.1
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    • pp.402-410
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    • 2013
  • In this paper, we propose a new fast block matching algorithm for block matching using the temporal and spatially correlation of the video sequence and local statistics of neighboring motion vectors. Since the temporal correlation of the video sequence between the motion vector of current block and the motion vector of previous block. The proposed algorithm determines the location of a better starting point for the search of an exact motion vector using the point of the smallest SAD(sum of absolute difference) value by the predicted motion vectors of neighboring blocks around the same block of the previous frame and the current frame and the predictor candidate point on each division region by binary-tree structure. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm has the capability to dramatically reduce the search points and computing cost for motion estimation, comparing to fast FS(full search) motion estimation and other fast motion estimation.

A Fast Block Matching Motion Estimation Algorithm by using the Enhanced Cross-Hexagonal Search Pattern (개선된 크로스-육각 패턴을 이용한 고속 블록 정합 움직임 추정 알고리즘)

  • Nam Hyeon-Woo
    • Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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    • v.11 no.4 s.42
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    • pp.77-85
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    • 2006
  • There is the spatial correlation of the video sequence between the motion vector of current blocks. In this paper, we propose the enhanced fast block matching algorithm using the spatial correlation of the video sequence and the center-biased properly of motion vectors. The proposed algorithm determines an exact motion vector using the predicted motion vector from the adjacent macro blocks of the current frame and the Cross-Hexagonal search pattern. From the of experimental results, we can see that our proposed algorithm outperforms both the prediction search algorithm (NNS) and the fast block matching algorithm (CHS) in terms of the search speed and the coded video's quality. Using our algorithm, we can improve the search speed by up to $0.1{\sim}38%$ and also diminish the PSNR (Peak Signal Noise Ratio) by at nst $0.05{\sim}2.5dB$, thereby improving the video qualify.

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