• Child Health Nursing Research
• /
• 제16권1호
• /
• pp.30-40
• /
• 2010

Purpose: The purposes of this review were to identify whether available evidence supports the nursing interventions that are commonly used to reduce fever in children and to introduce research findings into practice. Methods: Journal databases and clinical guidelines from 1990 to 2009 were searched. The search terms were fever, febrile convulsion, fever management, fever phobia, child, antipyretics, temperature, external cooling, tepid sponge bath, and physical treatment. Results: Evidence suggests that uncomplicated fever is relatively harmless, but it is an important immunological defense. Antipyretics should not routinely be used with the sole aim of reducing body temperature in children with fever who are otherwise well. Currently a lack of evidence supports the practice of alternating acetaminophen and ibuprofen, and the routine use of tepid sponge bath. Conclusion: Currently, fever management in children does not reflect research evidence. Pediatric nurses can play an important role by encouraging clinical research in this area and also by enhancing research utilization in their practice. Moreover, pediatric nurses can educate parents about evidence-based fever management. Evidence-based educational interventions for pediatric nurses need to be developed and evaluated to improve the quality of nursing care in the management of childhood fever.

• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국정보통신학회 2017년도 추계학술대회
• /
• pp.353-355
• /
• 2017

최근 발달된 디지털기기들은 사이버로 연결되어 사용되고 있다. 디지털기기 사용자들은 사이버에 연결된 단말기들을 활용하여 금융결제, 전자상거래 등 활동을 하고 있다. 사이버거래의 활성화와 함께 사용자에 대한 사이버범죄가 증가하고 있다. 사이버범죄의 수사에서 Forensic 증거자료를 확보하여야 한다. 하지만, 디지털 포렌식 증거자료를 분석하기에는 많은 정보가 함유되어 있다. 이러한 많은 디지털정보에서, 사이버범죄에 증거를 확보하기 위한 Script가 효율적인 방안이다. 본 논문 연구에서는 Script를 활용하여, Forensic 증거자료를 확보하는 방안을 연구한다. EnCase를 통한 증거자료 추출과 Script를 활용한 증거자료 확보 방안을 연구한다. 본 연구는 안전한 국민생활을 위한 사이버 보안의 기초자료로 활용될 것이다.

• 보건의료기술평가
• /
• 제6권2호
• /
• pp.88-94
• /
• 2018

This review aims to provide implications for relevant domestic policies and researches from Patient-Centered Medical Home (PCMH), a reinforcement model for primary care and its evaluations in the United States. As chronic diseases became dominant, changes in the health care delivery system in which primary care is central was required. The United States initiated primary care-reinforcing policies based on the PCMH following the increased demand for evidence-based health care policies. The current activities of the United States such as sharing research tools used to evaluate primary care interventions and circulating evaluation findings provide examples to Korea. Systematic evaluations for primary care interventions are required and appropriate methods using various types of data to reflect the real-world settings should be prepared. It is necessary to conduct policy assessment studies of public interests considering regional context. Support for the researches to make and advance from the existing environment must be examined.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
• /
• 제48권4호
• /
• pp.433-439
• /
• 2021

Acellular dermal matrices (ADM) are a novel graft. The goal of this systematic review is to evaluate the evidence behind differences in human and porcine ADM, irrelevant of manufacturing method, and to determine if there is enough of an evidence base to change clinical practice. An extensive literature search was performed through MEDLINE and Embase with search terms defining a population, intervention and outcome. Title and abstract exclusion were performed with other exclusion criteria. In 191 articles were found after exclusion of duplicates, with only 29 remaining following exclusions. Ten studies were found to have level I and II evidence (I=3, II=8), of which two were histopathological, one was an animal model, one was a systematic review, and six were clinical. The remaining studies were reviewed and considered for discussion, but did not hold high enough standards for medical evidence. Strong clinical evidence already exists for the use of human ADM, but questions of access, cost, and ethics require consideration of a xenograft. Histopathologically, evidence suggests minimal long-term differences between human and porcine ADM, although there is a short acute immune response with porcine ADM. Clinically, there is limited difference in outcomes, with a small range in effect of different ADM preparations. Considering the effectiveness of ADM in wound healing, more high-level research with appropriate statistical analysis to facilitate a future meta-analysis is recommended to justify a transition from human to porcine ADM.

• Educational Technology International
• /
• 제12권2호
• /
• pp.19-46
• /
• 2011

The purpose of the study was to identify the characteristics of classroom inquiry features exhibited on a web-based discussion board, which is called the Message Board. Approximately 4,000 students from 80 schools with 60 on-line scientists were participated in the study. During the study, a total of 639 messages in the selected cluster and several patterns were identified and analyzed. Three main features of the classroom inquiry were analyzed in terms of: 1) learner gives priority to evidence in responding to questions; 2) learner formulates explanations from evidence; 3) learner communicates and justifies explanations. The results are as follow. First, once learners identified and understood the questions posed by the curriculum, they needed to collect evidence or information in responding to the questions. Depending on the question that students were given, types of evidence/data students needed to collect and how to collect the data could vary. Second, students' formulated descriptions, explanations, and predictions after summarizing evidence were observed on the Message Board. However, the extent to which students summarized evidence for descriptions, explanations, and predictions varied. In addition, students were able to make a better use of evidence over time when they formulate descriptions and explanations. Third, the Message Board was designed to allow the great amount of learner self-direction. Classroom teachers and on-line scientists played an important role in providing guidance in developing inquiry. At the same time, development of content understanding also contributed to inquiry development.

• 한국중재학회지:중재연구
• /
• 제21권3호
• /
• pp.21-54
• /
• 2011

International commercial arbitration has established itself as the primary dispute resolution mechanism for international business transactions. Certainly, there are commonly-accepted standards that have evolved to reflect an internationally-harmonized approach to issues relating to the taking of evidence. This is reflected in International Bar Association("IBA") Rules for Taking of Evidence in International Evidence("IBA Rules"). This IBA Rules were revised in 2010. Designed to assist parties in determining what procedures to use in their particular case, IBA Rules present some of the methods for conducting international arbitration proceedings. Parties and arbitral tribunals may adopt IBA Rules in whole or in part - at the time of drafting the arbitration clause in a contract or once an arbitration commences - or they may use them as guidelines. They supplement applicable national laws and institutional or ad hoc rules. The IBA Rules were an ambitious undertaking, designed to overcome fundamental cultural differences relating to the taking of evidence under different national court systems. While it is difficult to assess how frequently the IBA Rules are actually adopted by parties, it is fair to say that they have had a considerable influence on the practice of taking evidence in international arbitration. This article mainly describes the essential provisions of IBA Rules, as revised in 2010, including but not limited to production of document, witnesses of fact, party-appointed experts, and tribunal-appointed experts. It also provides a comparison of relevant procedural rules of civil law and common law systems to each of the above mentioned provisions. It is important for arbitration practitioners to understand the differences in the taking of evidence under civil law and common law systems, respectively. This article will be helpful for practitioners and academics not only to understand the revised IBA Rules themselves but also to prepare for, and adequately deal with, the frictions that may arise as a result of the differences in approach for taking evidences. Indeed, so prepared, the arbitration practitioner will be able to anticipate the expectations, perceptions and the conduct of the parties, their counsel and the tribunal members.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
• /
• 제42권4호
• /
• pp.411-418
• /
• 2015

Background The plastic surgery literature is vast, consisting of a plethora of diverse articles written by a myriad of illustrious authors. Despite this considerable archive of published material, it remains nebulous as to which precise papers have had the greatest impact on our specialty. The aim of this study was to identify the most cited papers in the plastic surgery literature and perform a citation analysis paying particular attention to the evidence levels of the clinical studies. Methods We identified the 50 most cited papers published in the 20 highest impact plastic surgery journals through the Web of Science. The articles were ranked in order of number of citations acquired and level of evidence assessed. Results The top 50 cited papers were published in six different journals between the years 1957 and 2007. Forty-two of the papers in the top 50 were considered as level IV or V evidence. No level I or II evidence was present in the top 50 list. The average level of evidence of the top 50 papers was 4.28. Conclusions In the plastic surgery literature, no positive correlation exists between a high number of citations and a high level of evidence. Anatomical reconstructive challenges tend to be the main focus of plastic surgery rather than pathologic diseases and consequently, papers with lower levels of evidence are relatively more valuable in plastic surgery than many other specialties.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
• /
• 제17권2호
• /
• pp.323-331
• /
• 2013

휴대폰에서 포렌식 증거 자료를 추출하는 방법은 SYN, JTAG, Revolving 3가지 방법이 있다. 하지만 휴대폰과 스마트폰의 기술과 사용방법의 차이로 인하여, 포렌식 증거 자료를 추출하는 방법도 달라야 한다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 압수 수색된 스마트폰에서의 포렌식 증거 자료의 추출 방법을 연구하고자 한다. 압수 수색된 스마트폰에서 많이 사용되는 구글 안드로이드와 윈도우모바일 스마트폰의 분석을 위하여 스마트폰의 사양과 운영체제, 백업 분석, 증거 자료를 분석 한다. 또한 구글 안드로이드와 윈도우모바일 스마트폰의 전화번호부, SMS, 사진, 동영상에 관한 포렌식 증거 자료를 추출하여 법적인 증거자료와 포렌식 보고서를 생성한다. 본 논문에서 실험된 스마트폰 포렌식 기술 연구는 모바일 포렌식 기술 발전에 기여할 것이다.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
• /
• 제14권2호
• /
• pp.346-376
• /
• 2018

Digital forensics is a vital part of almost every criminal investigation given the amount of information available and the opportunities offered by electronic data to investigate and evidence a crime. However, in criminal justice proceedings, these electronic pieces of evidence are often considered with the utmost suspicion and uncertainty, although, on occasions are justifiable. Presently, the use of scientifically unproven forensic techniques are highly criticized in legal proceedings. Nevertheless, the exceedingly distinct and dynamic characteristics of electronic data, in addition to the current legislation and privacy laws remain as challenging aspects for systematically attesting evidence in a court of law. This article presents a comprehensive study to examine the issues that are considered essential to discuss and resolve, for the proper acceptance of evidence based on scientific grounds. Moreover, the article explains the state of forensics in emerging sub-fields of digital technology such as, cloud computing, social media, and the Internet of Things (IoT), and reviewing the challenges which may complicate the process of systematic validation of electronic evidence. The study further explores various solutions previously proposed, by researchers and academics, regarding their appropriateness based on their experimental evaluation. Additionally, this article suggests open research areas, highlighting many of the issues and problems associated with the empirical evaluation of these solutions for immediate attention by researchers and practitioners. Notably, academics must react to these challenges with appropriate emphasis on methodical verification. Therefore, for this purpose, the issues in the experiential validation of practices currently available are reviewed in this study. The review also discusses the struggle involved in demonstrating the reliability and validity of these approaches with contemporary evaluation methods. Furthermore, the development of best practices, reliable tools and the formulation of formal testing methods for digital forensic techniques are highlighted which could be extremely useful and of immense value to improve the trustworthiness of electronic evidence in legal proceedings.

• 융합보안논문지
• /
• 제15권3_2호
• /
• pp.43-51
• /
• 2015

범죄사건의 해결에 있어서 국민의 제보가 결정적인 역할을 하는 경우는 헤아릴 수없이 많다. 따라서 국가에서는 범죄 신고자에게 보상금을 지급하는 등의 방법으로 이를 적극적으로 유도하고 있다. 그러나 현재의 보상금지급 체계는 범죄사실의 신고와 범인검거에 초점이 맞추어져 있어서 증거제보에는 아무런 보상을 하지 않고 있다. 반면에 현재의 사법제도는 증거재판주의를 채택하고 있기 때문에 모든 사실의 인정은 증거에 의해서 이루어지도록 하고 있다. 그러나 수사기관의 수사능력만으로는 모든 증거를 확보하는 것이 불가능하다고 할 수 있다. 따라서 범죄사실의 입증을 위한 국민들의 적극적인 증거제보가 절실하다고 하겠다. 증거확보를 위한 수단으로서 스마트폰, 차량용 블랙박스, cctv 등을 적극적으로 활용할 필요가 있다. 스마트폰이나 블랙박스, cctv에 녹화된 범죄증거를 수사기관에 제보하기 위해서는 제보자에게 범죄신고 보상금의 지급 등 다양한 유인책이 필요할 것이다. 국민들의 증거제보를 강화하기 위해서는 신고 보상금의 법제화, 스마트폰 앱 개발, 증거제보시 각종 인센티브의 제공 등이 필요할 것이다.