• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.14
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• pp.51-72
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• 2000

The International Chamber of Commerce introduced in September 1999 its new publication Incoterms 2000(ICC Publication No 560). The ICC was building on the past experiences in its revision works. I have discussed and commented constructively some main features and problems of the new set of terms. Incoterms 2000 takes into account, like already its predecessor did, the possibility that the parties may decide to communicate electronically and replace a paper transport document by an equivalent electronic data interchange message. This possibility will certainly be much more used under the present set of terms. Incoterms 2000 is well recognised by the international legal community, taking into account also the endorsements by UNCITRAL to its predecessor in the early 90's. Incoterms 2000 does not have major competitors remaining. However, the ICC still faces a battle to convince more traders to refer to its terms and to teach traders to understand and to apply them correctly. Incoterms 2000 is a tool for international trade created by a global business organisation. Its members decide every day if and to what extent they make use of this tool. The members of the ICC have participated actively in the drafting and commenting of Incoterms 2000 and thereby shown again a great deal of dynamism in creating rules for their own everyday use. Under these circumstances, "ship's rail approach" related to delivery point, risks and costs should be replaced by "on board approach" under FOB, CFR and CIF terms.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.13-32
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• 2020

Objectives : To define an everyday ethics for students and doctors of Korean Medicine, people who desire treatment, cultivation and healing through Korean Medical means by determining its conditions and characteristics. Ways of constructing its contents fit for contemporary society were discussed. Methods The threefold Heaven-Earth-Human theory, Yinyang theory, circulation of the Five Phases along with contents of classics such as 『Huangdineijing(黃帝內經)』, 『Guanzi(管子)』, 『Zhongyong(中庸)』, 『Daxue(大學)』, 『Beijiqianjinyaofang(備急千金要方)』, 『Donguibogam(東醫寶鑑)』 were newly interpreted or quoted for explanation. Results : The elements that construct natural ethics and Natural Ethics were established as following: the natural perspective of Nature and People, natural sustainability as fundamental principle, co-existence and initiative circulation as fundamental rules, education and cultivation of lay people, and professional character and competence. Conclusions : The authors suggest a reconstruction of the inherent philosophy, ethics, principle, rule, life guidelines of Korean Medicine within the framework of "natural ethics" and "Natural Ethics" as a prior task for better integration of traditional KM into contemporary society.

• Journal of Elementary Mathematics Education in Korea
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.285-299
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• 2013

Problem posing activity of which a learner reinterprets an original problem via a new problem suggested, is a learning method which encourages an active participation and approves self-directed learning ability of the learner. Especially gifted students need to get used to a creative attitude to modify or reinterpret various mathematical materials found in everyday usual lives creatively in steady manner via such empirical experience beyond the question making level of the textbook. This paper verifies the possibility of lesson on question making strategy utilization for creativity development of gifted class, and analyzes various cases of students' trials to modify the rules of a board game called Rummikub in application of their own mathematics after learning What-If-Not strategy.

• Coupled systems mechanics
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.177-195
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• 2018

Reinforced concrete buildings in a seismically active area can be designed as DCM (medium ductility) or DCH (high ductility) class according to the regulations of Eurocode 8. In this paper, two RC buildings, one with a wall structural system and the other with a frame system, previously designed for DCM and DCH ductility, were analysed by using incremental dynamic analysis in order to study differences in the behaviour of structures between these ductility classes, especially the failure mechanism and ultimate collapse acceleration. Despite the fact that a higher behaviour factor of DCH structures influences lower seismic resistance, in comparison to DCM structures, a strict application of the design and detailing rules of Eurocode 8 in analysed examples caused that the seismic resistance of both frames does not significantly differ. The conclusions were derived for two buildings and do not necessarily apply to other RC structures. Further analysis could make a valuable contribution to the analysis of the behaviour of such buildings and decide between two ductility classes in everyday building design.

• (The)Study of the Eastern Classic
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• no.35
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• pp.161-188
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• 2009

Confucianism's concept of Ye is ruled by the absolute principle of the universe on one hand, and by "the rules of Ye(節文)" and "the rules of ceremony(儀則)", the principle of relative articulation on the other hand. The realizations of the absolute principle of Ye is depending on its usage in everyday life which is fundamentally conditioned by time and space. Thus, Ye's usage can be maximized when the fundamental principle and the condition of its usage make a mutual harmony. Of course, Ye and Ak(樂) are doing complementary roles for each other, since Ye is a principle of a division and Ak is a principle of combining features. However, the essence of Ye can be figured out as the characteristics of mutual reciprocity among things of hierarchy between the classes. Not only in Modern one But also in the medieval society, Ye was not a one-sided force. The essence of Ye does not retain the interests of an individual and the power of a group. If so, the formal aspects of Ye had been distorted. Confucianism demands a strict morality and ethics of a normal person as well as of the ruler. The characteristics of Ye is democratic and open to the condition of time and space. Yegyo should be rooted in everyday lives and realized as a usualness. Therefore, Shirak was an inevitable feature of Yegyo. During the 16th and the 17th century, Ye insinuated into everyday lives of the public in the Korean society. Yulgok Yiyi(李珥)'s Haejuhyangyak(海州鄕約) was estimated as the exemplary feature of Shirak.

• Korean journal of communication and information
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• v.32
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• pp.247-293
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• 2006

It is an aim of this study to analyze a relation between modern medicine advertisements and body. Recently the academic world has discussed how comes it that the modernity had been formed. This trend is remarkable in the field of the history of everyday life. Because everyday life is connected with people's vivid experience. Especially in modern advertising it is in existence such as popular culture, consumer culture, sexuality, family, food, clothing and housing, disease. Since modern times the body has been reorganized into a new shape. Namely the premodern body that had been regulated by a status system is changed into modern body that have to form itself after the customs and values. We analyzed medicine advertisements in the early modern times and hoped to explain how modern people had understood their body. We applied Foucault's theory of discourse as a methodology. As a result of research, we came to the conclusion that there were several rules in the texts of medicine advertisements, which had formed a modern subject of pain. There was a disciplinary power such as a internalization of clinical eyes, self-watch in medicine advertisements. These advertisements contributed to the formation of subject of pain and related to the state power.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.251-265
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• 2020

The Drone shot is moving images captured by a remotely controlled unmanned aerial vehicle, takes usually bird's eye view. The hand-held shot is moving images recorded by literal handheld shooting which is specialized to on-the-spot filming. It takes a walker's viewpoint through vivid realism of its self-reflexive camera movements. The purpose of this study is to analyze comparatively aesthetic functions of the drone shot and the hand-held shot. For this, the study understood Certeau's concepts of 'place' and 'space,' chose World Travel 'Peninsula de Yucatan' episode as a research object, and analytically applied two concepts to the scenes clearly presenting two shots' aesthetic characteristics. As a result, the drone shot took the authoritative viewpoint providing the general information and atmosphere as it overlooked the city with silent movements removing the self-reflexivity. This aesthetic function was reinforced the narration and subtitles mediating prior-knowledge about proper rules and orders of the place. The drone shot tended to project the location as a place. Conversely, the hand-held shot practically experienced the space with free walking which is free from rules and orders inherent in the city. The aesthetics of hand-held images represented the tactic resisting against the strategy of a subject of will and power in that the hand-held shot practiced anthropological walking by means of noticing everyday lives of the small town and countryside than main tourist attraction. In opposition to the drone shot, the hand-held shot tended to reflect the location as a space.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.131-148
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• 2003

This study has main purpose to understand the traditional house, not by outside researcher's but by inside dweller's view. The house in Geochang, is descendent house of Jeong-On who was faithful scholar at Chosen Dynasty. In order to understand, I restore firstly the house form and space at traditional era, 60 years ago, and every dwellers not only family members but also servants and guests, by interviewing old matriarch. One of the main rules of the house disposition is Ancester worshipping life. Worshipping floor of Anchae, main building, is located unusually in front of Shrine for Jeong-On, in order to connect all activities directly. Sarangchae, men's building, opened to the funeral mourners, is separated by a wall because women have to serve foods and wail at the backside. Space for everyday life is separated by man/woman, insider/outsider, master/subordinate. Agricultural production is also key factor of the space allocation: big storage buildings for rice crop needed to tenant farming. Both activities of ancestor worship ceremony and guest greeting need large kitchen annex area for food preparation and serving space of rear veranda floor. A number of guests visit the house: guest-greeting activity is taken place from the family pavilion, Neungheo-Jeong and Saranchae by the social position. This study show that architectural space and form of the house reflects exactly dwellers life.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.155-178
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• 2010

Assessment of information credibility is a ubiquitous human activity given that people constantly make decisions and selections based on the value of information in a variety of information seeking and use contexts. Today, people are increasingly engaging in diverse online activities beyond searching for and reading information, including activities such as creating, tagging and rating content, shopping, and listening to and watching multimedia content. The Web 2.0 environment presents new challenges for people because the burden of information evaluation is shifted from professional gatekeepers to individual information consumers. At the same time, however, it also provides unprecedented opportunities for people to use tools and features that help them to make informed credibility judgments by relying on other people's ratings and recommendations. This paper introduces fundamental notions and dimensions of credibility, and contends that credibility assessment can be best understood with respect to human information behavior because it encompasses both the level of effort people exert as well as the heuristics they employ to evaluate information. The paper reports on a survey study investigating people's credibility judgments with respect to online information, focusing on the constructs, heuristics, and interactions involved in people's credibility assessment processes within the context of their everyday life information activities. Using an online activity diary method, empirical data about people's online activities and their associated credibility assessments were collected at multiple points throughout the day for three days. The results indicate that distinct credibility assessment heuristics are emerging as people engage in diverse online activities involving more user-generated and multimedia content. A heuristic approach suggests that people apply mental shortcuts or rules of thumb in order to minimize the amount of cognitive effort and time required to make credibility judgments. The paper discusses why a heuristic approach is key to reaching a more comprehensive understanding of people's credibility assessments within the information-abundant online environment.

• Journal of Korean language education
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.273-296
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• 2017

This study focuses on a review of Hangeul orthography guidelines in Korean language regulations. It is indispensable to revise the guidelines thoroughly because it has been more than 80 years since a unified plan of Korean orthography was established in 1933, which the current orthography is based on. Also, it has been approximately 30 years since 1989, when the current guidelines were issued and promulgated. The viewpoint towards this review reflects the requirements by education fields of Korean as a foreign language and modern Korean users. Hangeul orthography consists of six clauses, along with an appendix regarding punctuation marks: 1) general rules, 2) consonants and vowels, 3) related to sounds, 4) about forms, 5) spacing between words, and 6) miscellaneous. This paper examined individual clauses and specific usages of the clauses, in terms of Korean as a foreign language. Based on the review, this paper suggests the following tasks in order to establish a draft of Hangeul orthography for foreigners. A. Among the individual clauses, some clauses that embody vocabulary education aspects should be addressed in a Korean dictionary, and deleted in Hangeul orthography guidelines. B. The clauses of Hangeul orthography guidelines should be edited for revision and substitution where necessary. C. The usage of individual clauses should be replaced with more appropriate examples aligned with everyday conversation. D. In order to establish 'Hangeul orthography for foreigners', linguists should continuously review several chapters and the appendix of Hangeul orthography, such as components about forms, spacing between words, miscellaneous, and punctuation marks. The purpose of this review is to pursue the simplicity of Hangeul orthography guidelines and the practicality in terms of reflecting more realistic examples. This review contributes to facilitate Korean language usage not only for non-native learners, but also native users.