• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.267-273
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• 2010

The distribution of three typical warm-temperate evergreen trees, Quercus acuta Thunb., Neolitsea sericea (Blume) Koidz., and Machilus thunbergii Siebold & Zucc., were surveyed on the Korean Peninsula based on field and specimen investigations and the distribution maps of the three species were prepared. The distribution patterns of the species correspond to the south coast floristic region in Korea, which includes the distributional areas of Jeju-do, Isl. Ulleung, the southern coastal areas, and the areas up to the islands around Incheon in the Yellow Sea. The northernmost limit of the distribution of Quercus acuta is Isl. Nap of Incheon in the west, and a new distribution was found at Isl. Ulleung in the East Sea; additionally, the limit of Neolitsea sericea is the Deojoek archipelago of Incheon. The northernmost limit of Machilus thunbergii is Isl. Daecheong of Incheon, which is the highest latitude among those of the three species. This distribution survey of evergreen broad-leaved trees in Korea can be used as basic data for the delimitation of floristic regions and as a bio-indicator of climatic change.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.117-125
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• 2010

Korea's researchers have recently studied the prediction of forest change, but they have not considered landuse/cover change compared to distribution of forest vegetation. The purpose of our study is to predict forest vegetation based on landuse/cover change on the Korean Peninsula in the 2090's. The methods of this study were Multi-layer perceptrom neural network for Landuse/cover (water, urban, barren, wetland, grass, forest, agriculture) change and Multinomial Logit Model for distribution prediction for forest vegetation (Pinus densiflora, Quercus Spp., Alpine Plants, Evergreen Broad-Leaved Plants). The classification accuracy of landuse/cover change on the Korean Peninsula was 71.3%. Urban areas expanded with large cities as the central, but forest and agriculture area contracted by 6%. The distribution model of forest vegetation has 63.6% prediction accuracy. Pinus densiflora and evergreen broad-leaved plants increased but Quercus Spp. and alpine plants decreased from the model. Finally, the results of forest vegetation based on landuse/cover change increased Pinus densiflora to 38.9% and evergreen broad-leaved plants to 70% when it is compared to the current climate. But Quercus Spp. decreased 10.2% and alpine plants disappeared almost completely for most of the Korean Peninsula. These results were difficult to make a distinction between the increase of Pinus densiflora and the decrease of Quercus Spp. because of they both inhabit a similar environment on the Korean Peninsula.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.49-61
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• 1991

Phytosociological invesstigation of the forest vegetation was carried out in Oinrodo island at the period from June 5th 1990 to June 10th 1990 by Braun-Blanquet's method. The forest vegetation was classified into 10 communities, Castanopsis cuspidata var. sieboldii, Machilus thunsbergii, Neolitsea sericea, Quercus glauca-Actinodaphne lancifolia, Pinus thunbergii, Chamaecyparis obtusa, Cryptomeria japonica, Quercus acutissima, Quercus variabilis, and Carpinus coreana community. Based on the classification of communities, the actual vegetation map was drawn in 1 : 50,000 scale.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.365-377
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• 2011

This study aims at classifying and interpreting on the second forest vegetation located in Mt. Duryun affiliated to the ecotone in southern part of Korea, and foreseeing vegetation change based on component species and dominant species on canopy. The second forest vegetation is classified into 3 community units as Quercus serrata-Quercus variabilis community, Dendropanax morbiferus-Quercus acuta community and Chamaecyparis obtusa plantation. This research is also expatiated on the relationship between the distribution of communities and the environmental conditions. Quercus serrata-Quercus variabilis community will be succession horizontally and gradually from the part where Quercus variabilis is dominated relatively at first to the other part in the community, according to the component species of deciduous broad-leaved forest in the warm-temperate zone and evergreen broad-leaved forest as Camellietea japonicae.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.279-289
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• 1998

To monitor vegetation structure of evergreen broad-leaved forest, twenty plots were set up at Wando Arboretum in 1996. Twenty plots were divided into ten experimental plots and control plots. A few evergreen broad-leaved species were planted after selective cutting at ten experimental plots. Dominant species of twenty plots were Quercus acuta, Q. acuta and Carpinus tschonoskii, Pinus densiflora, etc.. Vegetation structure of the experimental plots showed seral stage of succession from P. densiflora community or deciduous broad-leaved forest to Q. acuta community. Dominant species of the experimental plots were changed to Q. acuta or P. densiflora after selective cutting. And a number of species and individuals, coverages etc. were increased at shrub and ground cover layer after treatment.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.649-653
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• 2002

The vegetation of Seoimal-lighthouse area was investigated from August, 2001 to July, 2002. In order to analyze the vegetation of this area, synthesis table, actual vegetation map were prepared. The main community structures of this area represent evergreen broad-leaf community(about 48%), which are very good condition(nearly last sere) to preserve and 11communities(Camellia japonica community, Castanopsis cuspidnta var. thunbergii community, Neolitsea sericea community, Quercus serrata community, Quercus variabilis community, Carpinus corenna community, Srtrax japonica community, Pinus thunbergii community, Quercus acutissima community, Zelkova serrata community, Cinnamimum japonicum community) were classified by vegetation type. And Daphne kiusiana, Asirum maculatum, Cymbidium goeringii, Chloranthus glaber, Ligularia taguetii should be worthwhile species to conserve in this area.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.241-252
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• 2013

This study investigated plant community structure of Dongbaekdongsan(Mt.) in Jeju-do to identify character as evergreen broad-leaved forest. 20 plots(size is $20m{\times}20m$) were set up and plant communities were divided into 5 communities of Quercus glauca-Castanopsis cuspidata var. sievoldii-Ilex integra(Camellia japonica), Quercus glauca-Castanopsis cuspidata var. sievoldii-Camellia japonica, Quercus glauca-Camellia japonica, Quercus glauca-Camellia japonica-Pinus thunbergii and Pinus thunbergii-Quercus glauca by using TWINSPAN, DCA ordination, mean importance value and environmental condition. Area of Evergreen broad-leaved forest with stonny ground is covered with Quercus glauca and Castanopsis cuspidata var. sievoldii in canopy layer and Camellia japonica in the subordinate layer. Area of remaining soil's depth is covered with Pinus thunbergii. It has been alleged that Pinus thunbergii planted by human when Dongbaekdongsan(Mt.) is not selected local monuments. All of communities is predicted success to community of Quercus glauca-Camellia japonica. Shannon's diversity ranged from 1.0268 to 1.0717 in area of Evergreen broad-leaved forest and 1.2102 in area of Pinus thunbergii. 10 species of broad-leaved tree's constancy ratio is over the 80%. In future, Castanopsis cuspidata var. sievoldii and Cinnamomum japonicum can cover canopy layer, but it has low importance value. Specially high aged Camellia japonica is appeared everywhere. It has been alleged that it was touched by divinity since past. Dongbaekdongsan(Mt.) has different plant structure with another evergreen broad-leaved forest. It is hard that knowing its successional sere because it was damaged when it isn't degignate local monument. Accordingly continuous monitoring was required, successional direction and community's character is identified after forest become steady.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.291-306
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• 2018

This study was designed to predict potential habitat of Japanese evergreen oak (Quercus acuta Thunb.) in Korean Peninsula considering its dispersal ability under climate change. We used a species distribution model (SDM) based on the current species distribution and climatic variables. To reduce the uncertainty of the SDM, we applied nine single-model algorithms and the pre-evaluation weighted ensemble method. Two representative concentration pathways (RCP 4.5 and 8.5) were used to simulate the distribution of Japanese evergreen oak in 2050 and 2070. The final future potential habitat was determined by considering whether it will be dispersed from the current habitat. The dispersal ability was determined using the Migclim by applying three coefficient values (${\theta}=-0.005$, ${\theta}=-0.001$ and ${\theta}=-0.0005$) to the dispersal-limited function and unlimited case. All the projections revealed potential habitat of Japanese evergreen oak will be increased in Korean Peninsula except the RCP 4.5 in 2050. However, the future potential habitat of Japanese evergreen oak was found to be limited considering the dispersal ability of this species. Therefore, estimation of dispersal ability is required to understand the effect of climate change and habitat distribution of the species.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.316-323
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• 2004

In order to monitor the vegetation restoration in the evergreen broad-leaved forest, eighteen experimental plots including control plots were established at Wando Arboretum in 1996. Several treatments such as density control, selective cutting and warm temperate species planting were done in the experimental plots. Seven years after the restoration experiments, the important percentage of Quercus acuta showed a tendency to a higher increase in the experiment plots than control plots in Q. Acutu. Also the important percentage of Q. Acuta in Q. acute Carpinus tschonoskii community increased in the tree layer. Pinus densiflora community was increased highly in important percentage of Q. Acuta, As a whole, vegetation structure in the experiment plot showed successional stage to Q. Acutu community. In addition, important percentage of evergreen broad-leaved trees and shrubs and number of warm temperate species and basal area were increased in the experiment plots while the introduced evergreen broad-leaved trees were declined.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.459-476
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• 1993

Vegetational structure and successional sere were investigated for the evergreen and nearby deciduous broad-leaved forests in inland areas (Turyunsan, Pulgapsan) and south- western island areas (Hongdo, Chindo). The evergreen broad-leaved forests of the four areas showed a sera1 stage with an age structure mostly under fifty years old. Dominant evergreen broad-leaved species in canopy layer were Castanopsis cuspidata var. sieboldii, Machilus thunbergii, Quercus acuta, Q. stenophylla, Q. glauca, and Ncolitsea serzceu. Succession of the forest vegetation in the surveyed areas was proceeding from deciduous broad-leaved trees to evergreen broad-leaved trees. The species of climax stage were assumed to be Machilus thunbergii, iVeolitseu sericea and Dendropanax morbifera in canopy layer, Aucuba japonica and Machilus japonica in subtree and shrub layer.