• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.129-136
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• 2012

Korean alveolar fricatives are late-developing speech sounds. Most previous research on phonemes used individual words or pseudo words to produce sounds, but word-level phonological analysis does not always reflect a child's practical articulation ability. Also, there has been limited research on articulation development looking at speech production by grammatical morphemes despite its importance in Korean language. Therefore, this research examines the articulation development and phonological patterns of the /s/ phoneme in terms of morphological types produced in children's spontaneous conversational speech. The subjects were twenty-two typically developing 3- and 4-year-old Koreans. All children showed normal levels in three screening tests: hearing, vocabulary, and articulation. Spontaneous conversational samples were recorded at the children's homes. The results are as follows. The error rates decreased with increasing age in all morphological contexts. Also, error percentages within an age group were significantly lower in lexical morphemes than in grammatical morphemes. The stopping of fricative sounds was the main error pattern in all morphological contexts and reduced as age increased. This research shows that articulation performance can differ significantly by morphological contexts. The present study provides data that can be used to identify the difficult context for articulatory evaluation and therapy of alveolar fricative sounds.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.471-474
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• 1995

A total of 20 patients underwent bullectomy in the spontaneous pneumothorax between October 1993 and August 1994. The patients were divided into two groups: Control group; the patients who received with mid-axillary approach[n=10 , Experimental group; the patients who received with video-assisted thoracic surgery [n = 10 . The results were as follows; 1. The total sex distribution was male predominence [M :F=6:1 . Mean age of control group was 31.6$\pm$ 10.1 age and experimental group was 24.3$\pm$ 5.5 age. 2. The operative times were 117.0 $\pm$ 32.6min in control group and 102.5$\pm$ 38.4min in experimental group [not significant . 3. The indwelling period of postoperative chest tube and hospital stay were 4.5$\pm$ 2.6 days and 8.3 $\pm$ 1.8 days in control group, $1.5\pm$ 0.5 days and 3.1 $\pm$ 0.3 days in experimental group[p=0.0018, < 0.0001 . 4. In control group, injection times of pain-killer were 1.7$\pm$ 0.7 times/day at operative day and 0.4$\pm$ 0.6times/day at postoperative 1 day. In experimental group, there were 0.3$\pm$ 0.7times/day at operative day and 0.1 $\pm$ 0.3times/day at postoperative 1 day[p=O.O002 at operative day, not significant at postoperative 1 day .

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.881-886
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• 1990

Thirty-three patients less than 40 years of age were diagnosed at CS Dept. of Catholic University Medical College between 1979 and 1988 as having primary lung cancer. There were 22 men and 11 women; the average age was 36.3 years. The youngest patients was 23 years old. Eighteen male patients were only habitual smokers more than 1 pack per day. In the 33 cases, the distribution by tumor type was as follows: squamous cell carcinoma 36.4%[13 cases]; adenocarcinoma 33.3%[11 cases]; small cell carcinoma 24.2%[8 cases]; and large cell carcinoma 3.0%[1 case]. At the time of diagnosis, 2 patients[6.1%] had stage I disease, 2[6.1%] had stage II disease, 5[15.6%] had stage IIIA disease, 10[30.3%] had stage lllB disease, and 14[42.4%] had stage IV disease. Thirteen patients[36.4%] underwent an exploratory thoracotomy. Of these patients, 9[27.3%] had surgical resection[six lobectomies, two pneumonectomies, and one wedge resection]. Thirty-one patients were treated with palliative radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or combinations of each. The survival rate at 1 year, 3 year, and 5 year were 48.2%, 14.5%, and 8.3% respectively. But in the resectable 9 patients, they were 78.1%, 43.6%, and 33.3% respectively.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.26 no.12
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• pp.944-949
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• 1993

Clinical analysis were performed on 247 cases of thoracic trauma, those were admitted & treated at the department of thoracic & cardiovascular surgery,Hanyang University Hospital during the period from Jan,1989 to June,1992. Age distribution of those was from 2 to 80 years old & mean age was 38 years old. The ratio of male to female patient was 186:61 [3:1].This ratio revealed high incidence in male patient. The most common cause of trauma was traffic accident in this series.The modes of injury were as follows: traffic accident 124 cases[50.2%],fall down 52 cases[21.05%], stab wound 47 cases[19.03%] and gun-shut wound 1 case.Ellapse time from accident to admission were 141 cases [57.09%] under 6 hr.Rib fracture were observed in 159 cases[64.37%], hemo or pneumothorax were observed 134 cases[54.25%] of total cases and location distributed Right:Left:Both[74:112:37], in left predominant. Conservative,non-operative treatment were performed in 128 cases and operation[open thoracotomy] 32 cases.Mortality was 1.6%[4 cases] & most common cause of death were due to irreversible shock with brain edema. Conclusively, more evaluation & co-operation of other department were expected treatment & better prognosis.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.27 no.11
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• pp.1521-1525
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• 2014

This study investigated heritability for bovine growth estimated with genomewide single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) information obtained from a DNA microarray chip. Three hundred sixty seven Korean cattle were genotyped with the Illumina BovineSNP50 BeadChip, and 39,112 SNPs of 364 animals filtered by quality assurance were analyzed to estimate heritability of body weights at 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, and 24 months of age. Restricted maximum likelihood estimate of heritability was obtained using covariance structure of genomic relationships among animals in a mixed model framework. Heritability estimates ranged from 0.58 to 0.76 for body weights at different ages. The heritability estimates using genomic information in this study were larger than those which had been estimated previously using pedigree information. The results revealed a trend that the heritability for body weight increased at a younger age (6 months). This suggests an early genetic evaluation for bovine growth using genomic information to increase genetic merits of animals.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.289-300
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• 2006

This study was performed to investigate the influence of orthognathic surgery on the temporomandibular dysfunction in skeletal class III malocclusion. The temporomandibular joint status in 22 patients(mean age: 23.7 years) who received orthognathic surgery such as mandibular BSSRO(14 patients), maxillary Le Fort I osteotomy with mandibular BSSRO(8 patients) was evaluated by craniomandibular index. All these patients received orthognathic surgery at least 6 months ago. The mean score and standard deviation was obtained and compared with that of 22 normal individuals(mean age: 24.8years) by Student's t-test. In mandibular movement, the score of orthognathic surgery group was higher than that of the normal group. All the items except mandibular movement did not show any differences between the two groups.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.19-32
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• 1997

This study explored an alternative activity for the assessment of young children's literacy in Korea; namely, the evaluation of children's ability to construct meaning independent of decoding skill. The subjects were 78 children 4 to 5 years of age in Seoul. Instruments were the researcher's revised form of the Story Construction from a Picture Book, TRSR (Teachers' Ratings of Students' Reading) designed by van Kraayenoord & Paris (1996), and the revised form of the WLAT (Written Language Awareness Test, Kim, 1995). The assessment scores and oral responses of the children were analyzed by Pearson's r, MANOVA and one-way ANOVA, using repeated measures. The findings showed that (1) the story construction total scores were significantly correlated with WALT scores and the subcategory scores were intercorrelated with each other. (2) The story construction total scores differed by age, and (3) the 2 phase scores were higher than the 1 phase scores.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.159-162
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• 1995

Five patients underwent surgery to treat velopharyngeal incompetence with an inferiorly based pharyngeal flap, and were evaluated postoperatively with a nasoendoscopy. In all patients, velopharyngeal closure occurred during speech of fricative sounds and swallowing. During speech of closed vowel sounds, patients younger than 10 years of age, compared with patients more than 20 years of age, demonstrated a grater improvement in velopharyngeal closure postoperatively. The present study supported the concept that an early pharyngoplasty should be made to obtain improved speech and articulation.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.1071-1077
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• 1988

Surgical treatments were performed in 765 patients of the esophageal diseases at National Medical Center from 1959 to 1982. During these periods, we experienced 945 cases of the esophageal diseases. There were 401 males and 364 females and ranging from 4 days to 76 years of age and mean age was 32.4 years. The most highest mortality noted as 23.0% in esophageal perforation cases. In esophageal strictures cases, the rate of surgical mortality was 5.4%[21/386]. The over all mortality in esophageal surgical cases was 10.8%. We want to expressed about the incidence of Corrosion Carcinoma which developed from the benign esophageal stricture as 2.2%[12/550] of total stricture and as 4.9%[12/241] of total esophageal carcinoma. And the esophagoscopic biopsy must be done who had long standing history of esophageal stricture as a preoperative evaluation purpose.

• Proceedings of the KWS Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.499-504
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• 2002

The microstructural change associated with the hardness profile in friction stir welded, age-hardenable 6005 Al alloy had been evaluated. Frictional heat and plastic flow during friction stir welding created the fine recrystallized grain (Stir Zone, SZ), the elongated and recovered grain (Thermo-Mechanical Affected Zone, TMAZ) in the weld zone. Heat affected zone (HAZ), which could be only identified by hardness test because there is no difference in the grain structure compared with that of the base metal, was formed beside the weld zone. A softened region had been formed near the weld zone during friction stir welding process. The softened region was characterized by the dissolution and coarsening of the strengthening precipitate during the friction stir welding. The sound joints of 6005 Al alloys were successfully formed under a wide range of the friction stir welding conditions.