• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.129-145
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• 2022

Purpose: This study aims at preparing an external evacuation system by setting up situation that may occur outside buildings in case of large-scale fire at buildings such as multiuse facilities and presenting appropriate response procedures and action instructions for evacuees and facility managers. Method: Major matters are summarized based on various situations which may occur outside in case of fire and the contents of fire manual. Necessary factors including risk alert standards in the event of fire and the role of building occupants are classified and then important issues are summarized. In addition, the definition of fire-related outside shelters and external evacuation routes are showed, and then the applicability to the shelters and the routes are reviewed for old apartments in Jung-gu among multi-dense facilities. Result: Four stages (attention, caution, alert, serious) for standards of fire risk warning are established with the results of the investigation and analysis, and guidelines for behavior for evacuees, facility owners, residents, managers are summarized and presented. In addition, the concept and role of external shelters are divided into primary to the third shelters, and matters related to the definition of each shelter and the establishment of evacuation routes are presented, and then considered them carefully. Conclusion: This study has highlighted the importance of suggesting a systematic plan to secure the safety for evacuees outside space of buildings with disorder and difficulty to control in the event of fire. Therefore, we are confident that it will be useful in making an integrated manual for inside and outside buildings.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.19-28
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• 1989

It has been recognized that the escape facility planning is very important for effective evacuation of accupants on fire event. The ultimate goal of the escape facility planning is to evacuate occupants rapidly from building fires to the safe areas. In fire event, occupants usually gather, utilize and finally act upon information about state transient of building fire system, which is consisted of components of fire, building and accupant during the ralatively short period of the fire event. That is, occupants' egress behavior is largely dependent upon building fire system. Therefore, comprehensive study for the relationship between building fire system and occupants' egress behavior is needed. This study aims to suggest the pre -occupancy evaluation method of the life safety performance for the architectural design based on prediction of occupants' egress behavior during building fires with computer simulation.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2017.05a
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• pp.148-149
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• 2017

Recently, South Korea is reaching aged society through ageing society. Accordingly, facility related to aged is increased consistently because of effort to improve the welfare of the elderly through elderly long term care insurance in 2008. however, the number of fires in the elderly facilities is increasing rapidly too. It is becoming bigger and higher and the characteristics of person who is unable to afford are mostly having difficult evacuation. so fire safety guildelines are urgently needed but korea research is insufficient. In this study, we propose a fire scenario through investigation of fire causes for fire safety guideline development of elderly facility, and describe to the fire safety countermeasure.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.55-65
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• 2020

In this study, the ISO 5660 and ISO 5659 combustion tests were conducted with synthetic resin conduits (CD, VE) and metal conduit (ST) used for wiring work in electrical facilities, which can be installed in ceiling concealed places. Then, fire spreading and evacuation risks were analyzed based on the measured data. In the ISO 5660 test, CD of 120.5 MJ/㎡, VE of 81.9 MJ/㎡, and ST of 4.9 MJ/㎡ were measured. In the ISO 5659 test, the CD 1320, VE 731, and ST 102 were measured, and then the maximum smoke densities were measured for CD 605 s, VE 740 s, and ST 1,200 s. In terms of fire spreading and evacuation risk, the CD conduit, VE conduit, and ST conduit were in order. In the fire spreading risk analysis, total heat emission was calculated as 4,820 MJ/㎡, 4,267 MJ/㎡, and 196 MJ/㎡ for CD, VE, and ST, respectively. Evacuation risk analysis shows at transmittance of 89%, CD is 127 s, VE is 35 s, and ST is 969 s. At transmittance of 79%, representing almost invisible concentration, CD is 157 s and VE is 50 s. The CD and VE conduits had a high fire spreading and evacuation risks, while the ST conduit had little effect on fire spreading and evacuation risk.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.129-136
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• 2008

There is a tremendous need for an effective indoor facility management since the building are tend to be built taller and bigger due to latest technology. Also, information that is continuously used and transferred during the design and construction phase is emerging due to 3D object-oriented CAD. Therefore, a system that will use such information for facility management should be developed. In this study, we have defined a process that will automatically create an spatial network model and also verified the usability by establishing an sample model. As a result, an effective spatial network has been generated and an evacuation path finder was found efficiently.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.91-97
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• 2016

Currently many geriatric hospitals have been built in Korea because younger people don't want to care their parents and have been decreasing for labor. However, the increasing geriatric hospitals make the increasing fire safety accidents. Therefore, this study is conducted by survey and face-to-face talk for analyzing fire safety problem of twelve among 15 geriatric hospitals in the north of Chung-Buk area. The result of this study is that infection and fall accident are higher than others and fire safety implement rate of safety rule followed by CEO is 71%. Monthly safety training rate is 49% and initial fire safety training not conducted is 33%. Yearly outside fire safety training rate is 97% but workers who know how to use fire evacuation facility are 61%. Furthermore, safety instruction rate of fire safety manager is much higher than supervisor's safety instruction. The cause of accident is facility (33%). In conclusion, the institution and rule improvement need for decreasing infection and falling, increasing implement level of fire safety rule and fire safety training, participation rate of supervisor for fire safety, quality of fire safety training, and investment of fire safety facility.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.55-68
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• 2007

It soaks but 2001 July information communication base step law enforcement and the Enforcement Ordinance are published to follow, in order to support the establishment of evaluation and protective measure in order the vulnerability analysis against the facility of the agency which manages an important information communication base hour opinion to designate information protection specialty enterprise. As information protection specialty enterprise being revealed evacuation laboratory back 12 enterprises from information communication department become designation as the consulting enterprise and they do an enterprise activity actively. It follows in diffusion of the IT and information reconciliation level the other side where our country belongs in the world-wide first group, the research against the disfunction plan of preparation comparison the fact that law it is come negligently all actuality. The network as it will give management coat fatal effect even at obstacle occurrence hour of instant for of case and IT facility of the cyber transactions which leads, in the future there to be to corporate management, there is a possibility the stable civil official of information Facilities for communications very seeing in the portion which is important. Present condition and important propulsion contents of information communication base step law enforcement after, against a vulnerability analysis of information protection relation field and evaluation consulting methodological application situation to sleep it researches from the dissertation which it sees consequently and it does.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.58 no.2
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• pp.73-82
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• 2016

This study is about development of personal disaster shelters for minimization of the casualties caused by the landslide and steep slope collapse. The objectives of present research is the selection of disaster evacuation facilities utilizing FRP (Fiber Reinforced Plastic) material. For the proper assessment of FRP member, several layers by strength test and the three-dimensional numerical analysis of these FRR member was carried out. As a result, the personal disaster evacuation facility utilizing FRP materials, was found to be of a material that is able to protect the weak person at the time of the collapse of the landslides and steep slopes.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.62-69
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• 2003

The smoke control system in subway platform is not only using for smoke exhaust facility but also using ventilation system. For this reason, smoke vent effectiveness is depending on its position, ventilating volume capacity and the vent method. In this study, the passenger's evacuation time was calculated for the case of fire on sloped subway train vehicle in subway platform. In order to recommend the mechanical smoke exhaust operation mode, SES (Subway Environmental Simulation) was used to predict the airflow of the inlet and outlet tunnel for the subway station. Fire dynamics Simulator(FDS) was used the SES's velocity boundary conditions to calculate the smoke density and temperature under the condition of fire on stopped subway train vehicle at the platform. We compared smoke density and temperature distributions for each 6 types of smoke exhaust systems to clarify the characteristics of smoke and hot air exhaust effectiveness from the result of fire simulation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.13-21
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• 2019

Leakage accidents in businesses dealing with hazardous chemicals can have a great impact on the workers inside the workplace, as well as residents outside the workplace. In fact, there were cases where hazardous chemicals leaked from many businesses. As a result, the Chemicals Control Act(CCA) was enacted in 2015, the Ministry of Environment introduced an Off-site Risk Assessment(ORA). The purpose of the ORA is to secure safety from the installation of the design of the workplace facilities so that chemical accidents of hazardous chemical handling facilities do not cause human or physical damage outside the workplace. In general, the ORA qualitatively determines where a protected facility is within the scope of the accident scenario. However, elderly who belong to the sensitive group is more sensitive than the general group under the same chemical accident effect, and the extent of the damage is serious. According to data from the Korea National Statistic Office, the number of elderly people is expected to increase steadily. Therefore, a quantitative risk analysis considering the elderly is necessary as a result of a chemical accident. In this study, accident scenarios for 14 locations were set up to perform emergency evacuation due to toxic gas leakage of Cl₂(Chlorine) and HF(Hydrogen Fluoride), and the effects of exposure were analyzed based on the evacuation velocity difference of age 20s and 60s. The ALOHA(Areal Locations of Hazardous Atmospheres) program was used to calculate the concentration for assessing the effects. The time of exposure to toxic gas was calculated based on the time it took for the evacuation to run from the start point to the desired point and a methodology was devised that could be applied to the risk calculation. As a result of the study, the relative risk of the elderly, the sensitive group, needs to be determined.