• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2021.05a
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• pp.166-167
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• 2021

The elderly population in Korea is constantly increasing. As the number of Long-Term Care hospitals increases, many fires have occurred in related facilities. In this facilities, due to the characteristics of the occupants, self-evacuation is difficult, resulting in a number of casualties. It is necessary to Life safety design that reflects the characteristics of the occupants of domestic long-term hospitals. The study attempted to suggest improvements to the standards of evacuation behavior model for occupants of domestic and overseas long-term care hospitals. As a result of the study, patients living in long-term hospitals have a problem that is difficult to evacuate on their own. It is judged that there is a need to present an evacuation behavior model database by setting evacuation priorities and evacuation plans. In addition, it is necessary to more the design factors that affect the evacuation model as well as the characteristics of the occupants of the long-term care hospital.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.14 no.10
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• pp.5221-5229
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• 2013

This study focused on the construction of Korean Evacuation load Model for reflecting Korean Evacuation behaviors. For the purposes, several evacuation experiments are executed according to the ages, and the level and types of disabilities. We accumulated the data on the evacuation velocity and behavior patterns according the ages, and the level and types of disabilities. From these results, we proposed the Korean Evacuation Load Model and compared with several popular evacuation simulation model such SIMULEX. As results of these studies, we found the possibility of construction of Korean Evacuation Simulation System based on the Korean Evacuation Model including the evacuation velocity and human behaviors.

• Journal of The Korea Institute of Healthcare Architecture
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.7-16
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• 2022

Purpose: This study aimed to present an analysis model evaluating evacuation performance considering patient types and procedural evacuation in the medical facility. The user group of the medical facility, including users challenged in evacuation behavior, entails the risk of many casualties. Therefore, it is necessary to plan an evacuation procedure that considers the evacuation characteristics of users. Methods: Through the review of precedent studies, the evacuation procedure of the medical facility, the classification of patient types, and the evacuation procedure was set as conditions and variables for the analysis. The result caused by a variety of conditions and variables were explored. Results: 1) The total evacuation completion time and congestion time were shortened at the procedural evacuation. Moreover, it derived many users from evacuating at the initial phase. 2) The proposed model can provide a basis for proposing a space planning direction that considers the possibility of not carrying out the evacuation plan. 3) It supports safe evacuation by identifying variables that reduce overcrowding by comparing the congestion time of overcrowded spaces. 4) The analysis model can identify the overcrowded space through the evacuation route and suggest the basis for architectural improvements that reduce overcrowding. Implications: The study results can be used to analyze the performance of evacuation procedures and support the establishment of evacuation procedures and building plans for safe evacuation for medical facilities.

• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.41-48
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• 2003

The human behavior is very important in development of simulation system for evacuation analysis. The walking speed of passenger is especially affected by dynamic effect and list due to damage and ship motion in wave. There are various methods to get an useful data for evacuation simulation. The onboard experimental approach is one of the most strong method. In this paper, the onboard experiment is performed to obtain human behavioral data. To realize ship trim and heel due to maritime casuality, the passage model for experiment is made. The experiment is carried out at dynamic and static condition respectively using the ship with passage model. The result is evaluated and it will be reflected in evacuation simulation tool.

• Journal of The Korea Institute of Healthcare Architecture
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.63-74
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• 2022

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to present an evacuation performance analysis model that can derive vulnerable evacuation spaces with considering the movement behavior as per the elderly groups in the event of a fire in a geriatric hospital. Methods: The evacuation characteristics of geriatric hospital users were investigated through the review of precedent studies. First, the occupant conditions and the evacuation scenario were set to analyze a study target hospital. Then, the evacuation simulation was carried out considering the group types and the density of each group. Finally, an evacuation performance analysis model according to the group type was presented based on the simulation results. Results: The results of this study are as follows: (1) The evacuation performance according to the group type is to be clarified through the suggested study model. (2) It is necessary to secure a ramp or an emergency elevator to distribute the evacuation personnel at the design stage because congestion occurs due to collisions between evacuees on the stairs and delays the evacuation time. (3) It is necessary to consider the evacuation stairs and openings of sufficient size by analyzing the frequency of congestion occurrence and the escape routes of occupants in advance to identify the space where the evacuation flow overlaps. Implications: It is expected that the study result is to be used as primary data for studies that consider the elderly and clustering evacuation behavior in the event of a fire in a geriatric hospital.

• Journal of the Korea Society for Simulation
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.111-117
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• 2011

This paper suggests the passenger model considered evacuation behavioral characteristics on the passenger ship fire using a rules-based agent technique. The existing evacuation simulation system was modeled only passenger speed. The speed-based model considered passenger's physical characteristics, so it couldn't consider evacuation behavioral characteristics. For solving this problem, we modeled the passenger model using a rule-based agent applied evacuation behavioral characteristics. The rule-based agent consists of knowledge base and inference engine. In knowledge base, we represented evacuation behavioral characteristics, and chose the examples of the evacuation behavioral characteristics to show various patterns of behavior. And we simulated in the IMO MSC/Circ.1238 example 8 and we proved the simulation results could represent variety patterns of human behavior.

• Journal of The Korea Institute of Healthcare Architecture
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.41-51
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• 2022

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to compare variant analysis results regarding overcrowded spaces and suggest a space analysis model for women's hospitals at the outpatient clinic department, central treatment department, and inpatient ward considering evacuation capability of newborns unable to perform automotive evacuation, pregnant patients and maternal patients with limited mobility. Methods: Firstly, precedent studies on women's hospitals and evacuation in hospitals were reviewed. Secondly, the analysis conditions and necessary set values for simulation were designed after analyzing the design documents of the research target hospital. Thirdly, evacuation simulation was conducted by adjusting the variables related to the evacuation behavior of inpatients and newborns. Fourthly, based on the derived results, overcrowded spaces were compared and analyzed according to evacuation behavior. Result: The study results are as follows: (1) It is necessary to check the main escape routes for occupants and to expand and adjust the size of mainly used entrances. (2) It is necessary to widen the stairs' width to alleviate overcrowding caused by patients with non-autonomous walking. (3) Due to overcrowding of the main escape route, it is necessary to identify the bypass route and adjust the width of the corridor. (4) It is necessary to plan an evacuation route for newborns to escape from the main escape route for occupants. Implications: The study result is expected to be used as primary data for research that considers the evacuation behavior of newborns and pregnant women in women's hospitals.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.553-561
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• 2021

The purposes of this study are to propose evacuation recommendations through evacuation model considering occupancy load model in child care center with disabilities. To achieve these purposes, the survey on the occupancy load and egress model and evacuation experiments have carried out, and evacuation occupancy load model for child care center with disabilities are suggested. The results of this study are as follows : (1) The evacuation plan for children with disabilities are necessary special considerations according the type and levels of disability, and various egress means and method for children in child care center with disabilities conditions. (2) The evacuation occupancy loads are different with non-impaired children and evacuation occupancy loads and evacuation corridors width are necessary considering impaired children's evacuation behaviors. (3) The temporal evacuation area(refuge area) is essential for children with disability who are impossible vertical evacuation such as impaired children using wheelchair and cerebral palsy.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.53 no.7
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• pp.2195-2206
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• 2021

In order to mitigate the damage caused by accidents in nuclear power plants (NPPs), evacuation strategies are usually managed on the basis of off-site effects such as the diffusion of radioactive materials and evacuee traffic simulations. However, the interactive behavior between evacuees and the accident environment has a significant effect on the consequential gap. Agent-based modeling (ABM) is a method that can control and observe such interactions by establishing agents (i.e., the evacuees) and patches (i.e., the accident environments). In this paper, a radiological emergency evacuation model is constructed to realistically check the effectiveness of an evacuation strategy using NetLogo, an ABM toolbox. Geographic layers such as radiation sources, roads, buildings, and shelters were downloaded from an official geographic information system (GIS) of Korea, and were modified into respective patches. The dispersion model adopted from the puff equation was also modified to fit the patches on the geographic layer. The evacuees were defined as vehicle agents and a traffic model was implemented by combining the shortest path search (determined by an A ^* algorithm) and a traffic flow model incorporated in the Nagel-Schreckenberg cellular automata model. To evaluate the radiological harm to the evacuees due to the spread of radioactive materials, a simple exposure model was established to calculate the overlap fraction between the agents and the dispersion patches. This paper aims to demonstrate that the potential of ABM can handle disaster evacuation strategies more realistically than previous approaches.

• Korean Journal of Computational Design and Engineering
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.306-313
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• 2010

In this paper, an acceleration based passenger evacuation simulation is performed. In order to describe a passenger‘s behavior in an evacuation situation, a passenger is modeled as a rigid body which translates in the horizontal plane and rotates along the vertical axis. The position and rotation angle of a passenger are calculated by solving the dynamic equations of motions at each time step. The destination force, the contact force, and the group force are considered as external forces and the moments due to each force are also considered. With the passenger model proposed in this paper, the test problems in International Maritime Organization, Maritime Safety Committee/Circulation 1238(IMO MSC/Circ.1238) are implemented and the effects of passenger rotation on the evacuation time are confirmed.