• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.45 no.2 s.143
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• pp.217-226
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• 2006

As the results achieved by the evaluation of toxicities on an aphid parasitoid, Aphidius colemani by 79 pesticides registered as horticultural pesticide and 4 adjuvants far pest control, 6 insecticides including a-cypermethrin, 13 fungicides including metalaxyl-M+mancozeb and 4 acaricides including bifenazate showed low toxicity against A. colemani adult. Low toxicity was showed in all the 4 adjuvants as well. In residual toxicity test from 40 pesticides which showed toxicity more than 50%, A. colemani was safe from 11 pesticides from the 3th day after treatment, 7 pesticides from the 5th day after treatment and 14 pesticides from the 7th day after treatment, respectively. But, chlorpyrifos-methyl, diflubenzuron+chlorpyrifos, etofenprox+diazinone and imidachloprid+chlorpyrifos showed high toxicities reaching 100%, 97.7%, 100% and 100% respectively, even from the 7th day after treatment. To evaluate the control effect by A. colemani against Myzus persicae in a greenhouse, A. colemani was released at parasitoid versus aphids rates of 1:50 and 1:100 when the population of M persicae was 50 per plant. After release, aphids population remained steady for 20 days after release at the level of around 60 aphids per plant. During the investigation, insecticides fur thrips control and fungicides for powdery mildew control were treated, but didn't affect the mummy forming of A. colemani. It may be suggested from these results that the selected insecticides, fungicides, acaricides and adjuvent could be incorporated into the integrated M. persicae management system with A. colemani on greenhouse cultivation.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.415-423
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• 2007

For the development of integrated pest management system by harmonizing biological and chemical control, some experiments were carried out to select low toxic pesticides and to evaluate residual toxicity to natural enemies. Leaf dipping method and body dipping method were set up for evaluating toxicity to minute pirate bug, Orius strigicollis adult. We had tested 52 kinds of pesticides (33 insecticides, 19 fungicides) commonly used to control greenhouse insects, mites, and disease pests to natural enemies at the recommended concentration. Fourteen insecticides by body dipping method, 12 insecticides by leaf dipping method and 19 fungicides were selected as low toxic pesticides to O. strigicollis adult. After insecticide spraying at recommending dose on the sweet pepper plant, we examined residual effect of insecticides by introducing natural enemies on different days. Safety interval for introduction of O. strigicollis adult was established according to residual toxicity of pesticides. Safety insecticides at one day after treatment were pyraclofos, methomyl, thiodicarb, esfenvalerate bifenthrin, alpha-cypermethrin, etofenprox, fenvalerate, imidacloprid, acetamiprid, abamectin, emamectin benzoate, spinosad, indoxacarb. However, residual toxicity of nee-nicotinoids last up to 21 days to O. strigicollis adults.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.56 no.4
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• pp.345-350
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• 2017

Sunflower, selected as a trap plant that can be controlled by attracting Ricania spp. adults via attraction has the highest attractiveness during the preoviposition period. Considering the ecological characteristics of Ricania spp., adults are distinguished by the preoviposition and oviposition periods and the attractiveness of sunflower to Ricania spp. adults was 91.4~95.2% higher than that of blueberry during the preoviposition period. On August 20, when Ricania spp. adults entered the oviposition season, sunflower attractiveness was low at 9.8~11.6% owing to preference for tree species. Based on the result of the selection of systemic chemicals that could be used concomitantly with sunflower, all chemicals, except etofenprox, showed a high controlling effect of over 90%, and among them, dinotefuran showed the highest insecticidal rate of 95.8%. The systemic chemicals acetamiprid, dinotefuran, thiamethoxam, and imidacloprid persisted for 13 days (survey period). Therefore, the concomitant use of sunflower and systemic chemicals can reduce the density of Ricania spp. entering farmlands and their populations in surrounding habitats, which are expected to help in stabilizing the ecosystem.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.58 no.3
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• pp.197-202
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• 2019

Jujube tree farms need effective methods of pest control to reduce damage caused by mirid bugs. In this study, we measured the density of mirid bug populations in jujube trees and tested the efficacy of various insecticides. We observed seasonal density patterns, where nymphs were observed from early May to the middle of July; and adults were observed from the end of May to the middle or end of July. Furthermore, we measured the density of two types of mirid bug species, Apolygus spinolae and A. lucorum. Among 45 damaged jujube trees, the dominant species of mirid bugs was A. spinolae (89%). We tested 7 types of insecticides to control mirid bug populations, including pyrifluquinazon, deltamethrin, diazinon, dinotefuran, etofenprox, fenitrothion, and bifenthrin, showing over 80% efficacy. Thus, in this study, we showed that using insecticides was effective for controlling mirid bug populations on jujube trees.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.62 no.1
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• pp.43-48
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• 2023

The efficacy of spinetoram sprayed from an unmanned helicopter to control two insect vectors of pine wood nematodes, Monochamus alternatus and M. saltuarius was assessed. By using a ULV (Ultra Low Volume) sprayer, the mortality rates of phenthoate, bifenthrin, etofenprox, and diflubenzuron, which are registered for use against coleopteran insects, indoxacarb and spinetoram, which are registered for use against lepidopteran insects, were evaluated for efficacy as aerial spraying agents. The ULV test, using 33- and 55-fold dilutions of phenthoate, bifenthrin, indoxacarb, and spinetoram demonstrated a 100% insect mortality rate upon contact and feeding mortality on the third day after treatment, while etofenprox and diflubenzuron exhibited a slightly lower mortality rate than the remaining compounds. Consequently, spinetoram was selected as a candidate pesticide for aerial spraying and its efficacy to control the insect vectors was assessed. The x 33 dilution of spinetoram resulted in a 98.6-100% control efficacy against two insect vectors. However, risk assessment for bees following aerial spraying will be necessary before applying the pesticide to control insect vectors.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.347-352
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• 2004

Susceptibility of Curculio sikkimensis adults to 39 commercial insecticides were evaluated by body dipping method, Among them sixteen insecticides of chlorpyrifos, fenitrothion, fiponil, phenthoate, benfuracarb, thiodicaib, carbosulfan, bifenthrin, cypermethrin, $\lambda$-cyhalothrin, deltamethrin, clothianidin, acetamiprid+diflubenzuron, etofenpox+diazinon, esfenvalerate+fenitrothion and furathiocarb +diflubenzuron showed 100% mortality. Insecticides with over 80% residual effect at 1 day after treatment were phenthoate, benfuracarb and thiodicarb (95.0, 82.5, and 85.0%, respectively). However, after that, it was dropped rapidly. Other insecticides showed low residual effect. In the control efficacy test on C. sikkimensis, insecticides with over 90% control values at 1 day after treatment were phenthoate, thiodicarb, fipronil, acetamiprid+bifenthrin and furathiocarb+diflubenzuron. However, all insecticides from 2 days after treatment were over 90%.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.185-192
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• 2013

This study was performed to evaluate the spray toxicity and leaf residual toxicity of 52 kinds of insecticides registered for strawberry against adult honeybee Apis mellifera. According to the IOBC standard, the acute toxicity by spraying showed below 30% was classified as non-toxic. Among tested insecticides, 32 insecticides (flonicamid, lufenuron, novaluron, three kinds of acetamiprid, thiacloprid, milbemectin, acequinocyl, TBI-1, two kinds of chlorfenapyr, chlorfluazuron, cyenopyrafen, cyfumetofen, etoxazole, fenpyroximate, flubendiamide, flufenoxuron, hexythiazox, metaflumizone, two kinds of methoxyfenozide, DBB-2032, pyridalyl, spiromesifen, tebufenpyrad, teflubenzuron, acetamiprid + methoxyfenozide, acrinathrin + spiromesifen, bifenazate + spiromesifen, cyenopyrafen + flufenoxuron) did not show any toxic effect, it is thought to be safe. And the others (20 insecticides) showed higher toxicity to honeybee. Insecticides which showed acute toxicity higher than 90% was selected and tested the residual toxicity. All insecticides except emamectin benzoate EC, and indoxacarb SC showed 100% mortality at one day after treatment (DAT). However, the toxicities of emamectin benzoate, indoxacarb SC, and abamectin did not show until 3, 7, 14 DAT, respectively. Nine insecticides such as indoxacarb WP, thiamethoxam WG, abamectin + chlorantraniliprole SC, acetamiprid + etofenprox WP, acetamiprid + indoxacarb WP, bifenthrin + clothianidin SC, bifenthrin + imidacloprid WP, bifenazate + pyridaben SC, chlorfenapyr + clothianidin SC showed over 90% residual toxicity until 31 Day. In pouring treatment, thiamethoxam WG showed 76.9% mortality at 28 DAT and 50.0% mortality at 31 DAT. After 35 days, thiamethoxam WG showed no effect to honeybee. Bifenthrin + clothianidin SC and tefluthrin + thiamethoxam GR showed 57.1 and 80.0% mortality at 24 DAT, respectively. In spraying treatment, thiamethoxam WG and bifenthrin+clothianidin SC showed very high residual toxicity with 100% mortality in thirty-five DAT. After spraying treatment with thiamethoxam WG, bifenthrin+clothianidin SC, bifenthrin + imidacloprid WP, thiamethoxam WG showed 100% residual toxicity until 21 DAT and there was no activity after 28 DAT. Bifenthrin+clothianidin SC and bifenthrin+imidacloprid WP showed very high residual toxicity until 49 DAT.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.136-145
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• 2020

This study was conducted to evaluate pesticide residues and foreign metallic matter on a total of 104 powdered agricultural products in Incheon. Residue testing for 373 pesticides was conducted by GC-MS/MS, LC-MS/MS, GC-ECD, GC-NPD and HPLC-UVD. Foreign metallic matter was detected by magnetic rod. As a result pesticide testing, 7 of the 104 products were found to be within the MRL of the pesticides. The detected pesticides were chlorpyrifos, etofenprox, fenoxanil, malathion, permethrin, tebuconazole and tetraconazole. As for foreign metallic matter, 16 samples were above the allowable limits set by Korean regulations. Therefore, the inspection of residual pesticides in raw material, and the removal of foreign metallic matter will require further stringent attention for the safety of powdered agricultural products.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.365-374
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• 2020

This study was conducted to monitor the residual pesticides on a total of 320 stalk and stem vegetables from January 2019 to December 2019 in the Incheon metropolitan area. Pesticide residues in samples were analyzed by the multi-residue method for 373 pesticides using GC-MS/MS, LC-MS/MS, GC-ECD, GC-NPD and HPLC-UVD. Risk assessment was also carried out based on the amount of stalk and stem vegetables consumed. The linearity correlation coefficient for the calibration curve was 0.9951 to 1.0000, LOD 0.002 to 0.022 mg/kg, LOQ 0.005 to 0.066 mg/kg and recovery was 82.0 to 108.0%. According to the monitoring of pesticides, 36 (11.3%) of 320 were detected with pesticide residues and 3 (0.9%) samples exceeded the maximum residual limit. The detection frequency for Chinese chives and Welsh onion was higher than that for other stalk and stem vegetables. The frequently detected pesticides were etofenprox, procymidone, fludioxonil, and pendimethalin. As a tool of risk assessment through the consumption of pesticide detectable agricultural products, the ratio of estimated daily intake (EDI) to acceptable daily intake (ADI) was calculated in the range of 0.0062-24.1423%. These results indicate that there is no particular health risk through consumption of commercial stalk and stem vegetables detected with pesticide residues.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.392-399
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• 2021

This study was conducted to research the status of pesticide residues in a total of 114 herbs and spices obtained from January to October 2020. 341 pesticide residues were analyzed by the multi class pesticide multiresidue methods using GC-MSMS, GC-ECD, GC-NPD, LC-MSMS, LC-PDA, and LC-CAS. As a result of analysis, 36 pesticide residues were found, and detection rate was 31.6%. Of them, seven samples were detected over Maximum Residue Limits (MRLs) and the unsuitable level in pesticide was 6.1%. The herbs and spices exceeding MRLs include coriander (2 times), mint (2 times), basil (once), rosemary (once), and boraye (once). According to an analysis of 341 pesticide residues, 22 pesticides were detected 52 times and 8 pesticides were found to exceed the MRLs. The pesticides exceeding MRLs were ingredients such as etofenprox, flufenoxuron, fluquinconazole, iprodione, lufenuron, paclobutrazol, phenthoate, and spiromesifen.