• Proceedings of the Polymer Society of Korea Conference
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• 2006.10a
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• pp.224-225
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• 2006

The Ethylene polymerization behavior of a series of polymethylene bridged dinuclear CGC $[Zr({\eta}^{5}:{\eta}^{1}-C_{9}H_{5}SiMe_{2}NCMe_{3})Me_{2}]_{2}[(CH_{2})_{n}]\;[_{n}=6(1),\;9(2),\;12(3)]$ in the cocatalytic activation with $Ph_{3}C^{+}B^{-}(C_{6}F_{5})_{4}\;(B_{1})\;or\;Ph_{3}C^{+}(C_{6}F_{5})_{3}B^{-}C_{6}F_{4}B^{-}(C_{6}F_{5})_{3}Ph_{3}C^{+}\;(B_{2})\;or\;B(C_{6}F_{5})_{3}\;(B_{3})$ were investigated to study the nuclearity effects as well as the counteranion effects. The ethylene polymerization and ethylene/1-hexene copolymerization were conducted at $30^{\circ}C$ It was found that both in ethylene polymerization and ethylene/1-hexene copolymerization, activities increased in the order of 1 < 2 < 3, which indicates the presence of longer bridge between two active sites contributes more efficiently to facilitate the polymerization activity.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.43-48
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• 1994

Instrumental determination was performed for the analysis of residues of ethylene oxide(EO), ethylene chlorohydrin(ECH) and ethylene glycol(EG) in white ginseng powders which were deaerated for 30 min after EO fumigation. Gas chromatographic data showed that EO residues were 570 ppm in the immediate samples after deaeration and 170 ppm in the stored ones for 8 days at 30$\pm$1$^{\circ}C$, respectively, showing a decreasing tendency with elapsed time. On the other hand, ECH and EG residues in samples as the secondary products of EO were 17, 650 ppm and 727 ppm stored for one month, and 9, 595 ppm and 221 ppm stored for 3 months, respectively.

• Macromolecular Research
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.292-295
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• 2001

A cross-linked solid polymer electrolyte was prepared by copolymerizing photochemically acrylonitrile (AN), oligo(ethylene glycol ethyl ether) methacrylate, oligo(ethylene glycol) dimethacrylate in the presence of lithium perchlorate as a lithium salt, ethylene carbonate-propylene carbonate as a mixed plasticizer, and poly(ethylene oxide) as a polymer matrix. The maximum ionic conductivity of the polymer electrolyte was 2.35$\times$10$\^$-3/ S/cm. The interface resistance of the polymer electrolyte was very low compared to that of the polymer electrolyte without AN. The former electrolyte was stable up to 4.3 V and the Ah efficiency was nearly 100% during the charge-discharge cycle.

• Applied Science and Convergence Technology
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.262-267
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• 2015

We demonstrate the growth of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) using ethylene-based chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and ferritin-induced catalytic particles toward growth temperature reduction. We first optimized the gas composition of $H_2$ and $C_2H_4$ at 500 and 30 sccm, respectively. On a planar $SiO_2$ substrate, high density SWNTs were grown at a minimum temperature of $760^{\circ}C$. In the case of growth using nanoporous templates, many suspended SWNTs were also observed from the samples grown at $760^{\circ}C$; low values of $I_D/I_G$ in the Raman spectra were also obtained. This means that the temperature of $760^{\circ}C$ is sufficient for SWNT growth in ethylene-based CVD and that ethylene is more effective that methane for low temperature growth. Our results provide a recipe for low temperature growth of SWNT; such growth is crucial for SWNT-based applications.

• Macromolecular Research
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.431-436
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• 2004

Cross-linked network solid polymer electrolytes were prepared by means of in situ hydrosilylation between poly[hydromethylslioxane-g-oligo(ethylene oxide)] and diallyl or triallyl group-containing poly(ethylene glycols). The conductivities of the resulting polymer electrolytes were greatly enhanced upon the addition of poly(ethylene glycol) dimethyl ether (PEGDME) as an ion-conducting plasticizer. Conductivities of the cross-linked polymer electrolytes were more dependent on the molecular weight of PEGDME than on the cross-linkers. The maximum conductivity was found to be 5.6${\times}$10$\^$-4/ S/cm at 30$^{\circ}C$ for the sample containing 75 wt% of PEGDME (M$\_$n/ =400). These electrolytes exhibited electrochemical stability up to 4.5 V against the lithium reference electrode. We observed reversible electrochemical plating/stripping of lithium on the nickel electrode.

• Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.45-54
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• 2003

For cooling of double effect absorption heat pump system of solar heating source, analysis of thermodynamic design data has been done to find the property of Libr-water + ethylene Glycol mixture for working fluid by computer simulation. Derived thermodynamic design data, enthalpy based coefficient of performance and flow ratio for possible combinations of operating temperature for water - LiBr and Ethylene Glycol mixture ($H_2O$ : CHO ratio 10:1 by mole) by computer simulation are done. The obtained results, COP and mass flow ratio of the water - lithium bromide - ethylene glycol system, are compared with data for the water-Libr pair solution.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.41-44
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• 1976

Ethylene was found to reverse the direction of gravity-induced lateral auxin transport and to cause an accumulation of auxin in the physically upper sides of horizontally placed pea shoots. The pea shoot displayed a slightly positive (downward) geotropic curvature in the presence of applied ethylene. Golgi bodies were found to be distributed preferentially in the bottom halves of cells as against the top halves following geotropic stimulation, and this pattern of intracellular distribution of dictyosomes was also reversed by ethylene treatment. Intracellular displacement of amyloplsts as a result fo geotropic induction was not reversed by the action of ethylene. In view of a positive correlation between the direction of auxin movement and the displacement patern of dictyosomes, it is suggested that the Golgi bodies are involved in the perception of gravity and/or subsequent redistribution of auxin or differential elongation in geotropism.

• Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.51-61
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• 2002

Analysis of thermodynamic design data of double effect solar absorption heat pump system for heating has been done to find the property of Libr-water + ethylene Glycol mixture for working fluid by computer simulation. Derived thermodynamic design data. enthalpy based coefficient of performance and flow ratio for possible combinations of operating temperature for water - LiBr and Ethylene Glycol mixture (H2O: CHO ratio 10:1 by mole) by computer simulation. The obtained results, COP and mass flow ratio of the water-lithium bromide-ethylene glycol system, are compared with data for the water-Libr pair solution.

• Proceeding of EDISON Challenge
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• 2016.03a
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• pp.140-146
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• 2016

Using density functional Theory, we studied local structure of liquid ethylene glycol and 1,3-propanediol. For both liquid, making intramolecular hydrogen bonding is not preferred, because relative energy between with and without intramolecular hydrogen bond is only -1.95kcal/mol, which is far less than intermolecular hydrogen bonding energy, about -7.5kcal/mol. Also, hydrogen bond induce polarization of hydroxyl group and make $2^{nd}$ hydrogen bond more stronger. This effect was small in intramolecular hydrogen bond of ethylene glycol. When considering energy per hydrogen bond, making only one intermolecular hydrogen bond for ethylene glycol pair is energetically favored, while two intermolecular hydrogen bond can be formed in 1,3-propanediol pair.

• Macromolecular Research
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.332-338
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• 2001

Waterborne polyurethane as a new polymer electrolyte was synthesized by using relatively hydrophilic polyols. The morphology of polyurethane was changed as it was dispersed in water. In contrast to polyurethane ionomer, waterborne polyurethane did not form an ionic cluster but produced a binary system composed of hydrophilic and hydrophobic groups. In the colloidal system, the former and the latter existed at outward and inward, respectively. Waterborne polyurethane was prepared from poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) /poly(propylene glycol) (PPG) copolymer, 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate(MDI), ethylene diamine as a chain extender, and three ionization agents, 1,3-propane sultone, sodium hydride and lithium hydroxide. PEG/PPG copolymer was used for suppressing the crystallinity of PEG and N-H bond was ionized for increasing the electrochemical stability of polyurethane. Low molecular weight poly(ethylene glycol) and poly(ethylene glycol dimethyl ether) (PEGDME) were used as plasticizers. DSC, FT-IR and $^1$H-NMR of the waterborne polyurethane were measured. Also, the ionic conductivity of solid polymer electrolytes based on waterborne polyurethane and various concentrations of low molecular weight poly(ethylene glycol) or PEGDME were measured by AC impedance.