• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.114-118
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• 2000

The inhibitory effects of doenjang extracts and linoleic acid(LA) which was identified as one of the active compounds in doenjang on the growth of human cancer cells were studied, comparing to the actions on normal cells. Methanol extract and hexane fraction from doenjang exhibited the strong growth inhibitory effect on HT-29 human colon carcinoma cells. Inhibitory effects of chloroform, ethyl acetate, butanol and aqueous fractions on the cancer cells were observed, moderately or weakly. When cell counts of SNU-C$_1$human colon carcinoma cells were determined daily for 6 days, the inhibitory effect of hexane fraction on this cell line was higher than that of the methanol extract from doenjang. LA completely suppressed the growth of SNU-C$_1$cells after 4 days, while conjugated linoleic acid(CLA) resulted in 98% inhibition after 6 days. With the addition of LA and other free fatty acids such as stearic acid, oleic acid, linolenic acid and ${\gamma}$-linolenic acid (${\gamma}$-LnA) to the culture system, the growth of HT-29 cells and SNU-C$_1$cells was greatly suppressed after 6 days. Inhibitory effects of LA ${\gamma}$-LnA on the growth of these cells were stronger than other fatty acids. On the growth of AZ-521 human gastric carcinoma cells, LA and CLA completely cuppressed the growth of the cells after 4 days and 3 days, respectively. At the level of 0.001%~0.01% of LA, there was no cytotoxic effect on normal rat kidney cells and normal intestine human cells. These results showed that LA, a major active compound of doenjang, had strong inhibitory effects on the growth of human cancer cells without damaging normal cells.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.60 no.2
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• pp.141-147
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• 2017

Radical scavenging effect and protective activity against oxidative stress of Acer okamotoanum were investigated. A. okamotoanum was extracted with methanol (MeOH) and then fractionated with n-BuOH, ethyl acetate (EtOAc), methylene chloride and n-hexane fractions. The MeOH extract and fractions showed strong 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl and superoxide radical scavenging activity. Among the MeOH extract and fractions, the EtOAc fraction showed the strongest radical scavenging activity. In addition, total phenolic and flavonoid contents of EtOAc fraction was higher than other extract and fractions. Furthermore, we investigated the neuroprotective effect of the MeOH extract and fractions from A. okamotoanum against oxidative stress under cellular system using C6 glial cell. The C6 glial cells showed a decrease in cell viability and high production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by the treatment of amyloid $beta_{25-35}$ ($A{\beta}_{25-35}$). However, with the treatment of the MeOH extract and fractions, it significantly increased the cell viability and inhibited the overproduction of ROS by $A{\beta}_{25-35}$. In particular, the EtOAc fraction led to significantly increase the cell viability and decrease the generation of ROS against oxidative stress by $A{\beta}_{25-35}$. The current study indicated that A. okamotoanum demonstrated antioxidative and neuroprotective effects. In particular, the EtOAc fraction which attributed a strong protective activity against oxidative stress.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.259-265
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• 2011

Several compounds and extracts isolated from a brown alga, Ishige (I.) okamurae, exhibit anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. The present study investigated whether the ethyl acetate (EtOAc) fraction of I. okamurae (EFIO) could ameliorate carbon tetrachloride ($CCl_{4}$)-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Sprague-Dawley rats were intraperitoneally (i.p.) administered with EFIO at 10 or 50 mg/kg per day for 2 consecutive days before $CCl_{4}$ injection (3.3 mL/kg, i.p.). Twenty four hours later, the rats were anesthesized with diethyl ether and dissected. Pretreatment with EFIO significantly reduced the increased serum levels of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase in $CCl_{4}$-treated rats. Pretreatment with EFIO also significantly inhibited the reduced activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase in the $CCl_{4}$-injured liver. Histopathological evaluations showed that hemorrhage, hepatocyte necrosis, inflammatory cell infiltration, and fatty degeneration induced by $CCl_{4}$ treatment were ameliorated by the administration of EFIO. Additionally, liver immunohistochemical analyses revealed the marked reduction in ED1-positive monocyte-like macrophages in EFIO-pretreated rats given $CCl_{4}$. These results suggest that EFIO ameliorates $CCl_{4}$-induced liver injury, possibly through the inhibition of oxidative stress.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.73-83
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• 2006

The dried needles (1.5 kg) of Abies koreana and Abies holophylla were ground, extracted with acetone-$H_2O$ (7:3, v/v), concentrated, and fractionated with a series of hexane, methylene chloride, ethyl acetate and water on a separatory funnel. Each fraction was freeze dried, then a portion of ethyl acetate soluble powder was chromatographed on a Sephadex LH-20 column using a series of aqueous methanol and ethanol-hexane mixture as eluents. The isolated compounds were identified by cellulose TLC, $^1H$, $^{13}C-NMR$, COSY, HETCOR, FAB and EI-MS. The needles of Abies koreana and Abies holophylla contained a large amount of aromadendrin-7-O-${\beta}$-D-glucopyranoside (compound III), polydatin (compound VI), (-)-rhododendrol-2-O-${\beta}$-D-glucopyranoside (compound VII), in addition to a small amount of (+)-catechin (compound I), kaempferol-3-O-${\beta}$-D-glucopyranoside (compound IV), myricetin-3-O-${\beta}$-D-glucopyranoside (compound V), naringenin-7-O-${\beta}$-D-glucopyranoside (compound II). DPPH analysis was also tested to investigate the antioxidative effects on the isolated compounds and (+)-catechin and polydatin were effective.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.99-104
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• 2010

This study was conducted to investigate the physiological activities of extracts from Suaeda japonica harvested in different season for its possibility as a functional material in food or cosmetic composition. The total mineral content of S. japonica harvested in summer was about 89.8 g/kg, and it comprised a little more content than one in winter (86.7 g/kg). The Na content of S. japonica did not show a remarkable contrast on harvest season whereas the K and Ca contents of summer were decreased to half or increased to double in winter. In addition, the antioxidative activity of each extract from S. japonica changed depending on harvest season. For S. japonica harvested in summer, the ethyl acetate extract showed the highest DPPH radical scavenging activity, but in winter the butanol extract fraction had the highest value. However, FRAP values were the highest in butanol extracts from S. japonica harvested in summer and winter. Total phenolic contents in the extracts were in proportion to the antioxidative activities. From the tyrosinase inhibition assay and melanogenesis with B16BL6, the hexane extracts from both seasons had shown the highest whitening effects. These results suggest that the extraction methods should be optimized depending on harvest season to utilize the S. japonica as functional component source.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.55 no.4
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• pp.217-220
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• 2012

The fruits of Acanthopanax sessiliflorus Seeman (Araliaceae) were extracted with 70% aqueous ethanol at room temperature. The concentrated extract was partitioned with ethyl acetate (EtOAc), n-butyl alcohol, and $H_2O$, successively. From the EtOAc fraction, two compounds were isolated through the repeated silica gel, octadecyl silica gel, and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatographies. According to the results of physicochemical and spectroscopic data including NMR, mass spectrometry, and infrared spectroscopy, the chemical structures of the compounds were determined as 3,5-dihydroxycinnamic acid (1) and protocatechuic acid (2). Compound 1 was isolated from the fruits of A. sessiliflirus Seeman for the first time. And the compounds were evaluated for the radical scavenging the antioxidant capacity using 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)diammonium salt, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazy, and oxygen radical absorbance capacity assay.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.87-90
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• 2011

The methanol extracts of 19 commercial herb medicines was analyzed to antibacterial activities against Edwardsiella tarda, causing several fish diseases. Rhus javanica showed most strong antibacterial activity against E. tarda and Escherichia coli. Methanol extract of R. javanica was further extracted using several organic solvents having different polarity. Extract from ethyl acetate fraction showed strong activity against E. tarda as well as E. coli. Minimal inhibitory concentration, MIC of R. javanica extract was measured and resulted showing $64\;{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ for E. tarda and $256\;{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ for E. coli. It is needed that, from these results, further purification and isolation of reposible compound of these activities and further study on the synergy effect using combination with antibiotics against pathogenic bacteria.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.118-123
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• 2010

To estimate the regulatory effects of Scutellaria baicalensis extracts on melanin biosynthesis, we evaluated the regulatory effects of the tyrosinase gene on B16 melanoma cells. The results revealed that methanolic extracts of Scutellaria baicalensis resulted in a high increase in the expression of the tyrosinase gene. Specifically, treatment with extracts at concentrations of $10\;{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ and $100\;{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ resulted in increases in tyrosinase gene expression rates of approximately 231% and 256%, respectively, when compared to the control. Moreover, the solvent fraction layers(methylene chloride, ethyl acetate, butyl alcohol, water) improved the expression of the tyrosinase gene, but to a lesser degree than the methanolic extracts. An MTT assay revealed, that the methanolic extract exhibited very low cytotoxicities at $10\;{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ and $100\;{\mu}g/m{\ell}$. Taken together, the results of this study indicated that the methanolic extracts of Scutellaria baicalensis was a very effective positive regulator of tyrosinase gene expression.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.135-144
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• 2007

The dried barks of Maackia amurensis were ground, extracted with 95% EtOH, concentrated, and fractionated with a series of light petroleum ether, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and water on a separatory funnel. Each fraction was concentrated, then a portion of dichloromethane and ethyl acetate soluble was chromatographed on a Sephadex LH-20 and silica gel 60 column using a various solvent system as eluents. The isolated compounds were identified by cellulose TLC, $^1H-$, $^{13}C-NMR$, COSY, NOESY, HMQC, HMBC, FAB and EI-MS. The structures were determined as: 7-O-$\beta$-D-glucopyranosyl-4'-methoxyisoflavone, 7-O-$\beta$-glucopyranosyl(1'''->6'')-$\beta$-D-glucopyranosyl-4'-methoxyisoflavone, 7-O-$\beta$-D-glucopyranosyl(1''''->6''')-$\beta$-D-glucopyranosyl(1'''->6'')-$\beta$-D-glucopyransoyl-4'-methoxyisoflavone, 7-O-$\beta$-D-glucopyranosyl-4', 6-dimethoxyisoflavone. The Free radical scavenging activity using DPPH of the isolated compounds were similar with that of BHT but lower than of $\alpha$-tocopherol.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.26 no.10
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• pp.1196-1201
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• 2016

The ovary parts of Nelumbo nucifera were extracted in 80% methanol (MeOH), and the concentrated extract was then partitioned using n-hexane, ethyl acetate (EtOAc), n-butanol (n-BuOH), and H₂O, successively. Using an octadecyl silica gel (ODS) column, silica gel (SiO₂) column chromatography, and a HPLC purification system, five compounds were isolated from the n-hexane fraction obtained from the extract of N. nucifera ovary. The chemical structures of the metabolites were determined using several spectroscopic methods, including NMR and GC/MS and MS of 1-eicosanol (1), cycloartenol (2), trans-squalene (3), pentadecanoic acid (4), and β-sitosterol (5). This study is a first attempt to isolate and identify secondary metabolites from the ovary of N. nucifera. The results indicated that the extract of N. nucifera ovary has biological effects, such as antibacterial and -tumor activity. Therefore, it could decrease the risk of HIV transmission through breastfeeding.