• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.1288-1292
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• 2003

This study was carried out to evaluate cytotoxic effects of Houttuynia cordata T/sub HUNB/ extracts on A549 (lung cancer), MDA-MB231 (breast cancer), SNU-C4 (colon cancer) and B16 (mouse melanoma) cell lines. We have determined by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazoliumbromide (MTT) assay. The 150 ㎍/㎖ concentration of methanol extract (63.81 %) of Houttuynia cordata T/sub HUNB/ was shown significantly antitoxic activity on A549 cell lines. The order of cytotoxicity fractions of methanol from Houttuynia cordata T/sub HUNB/ extracts against cancer cell lines in vitro is as follows : hexane fraction layer > chloroform fraction layer > ethyl acetate fraction layer > buthanol fraction layer > water fraction layer. These results suggest that the hexane fraction of methanol extract from Houttuynia cordata T/sub HUNB/ extract may be a valuable choice for the development of antitumor agents.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.468-474
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• 1998

This study was performed to determine the effects of antimutagenicity from Barley (Hordeum vulgare). In Salmonella typhimurium reversion assay (In vitro test), the extract of Barley (Hordeum vulgare) inhibited mutagenic activity of 4-NQO and Trp-p-1 with 59 mix. in Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and TA100. In Micronucleus test (In vivo test), the methanol extract of Barley (Hordeum vulgare) inhibited micronucleus formation in bone marrow by cyclophosphamide. The $\beta$-glucan of Barley (Hordeum vulgare) showed inhibitory effects of 59-77% in mutagenic activity of 4-NQO by Salmonella typhimurium TA100. The mutagenicity of Trp-p-1 with S9 mix. by Salmonella typhimurium TA98 showed inhibitory effects of 24-56%. The methanl extract (M) was fractionated with ether (MI), ethylacetate (M2), buthanol (M3) and water (M4). The Antimutagenicity of Trp-p-1 with 59 mix. by Salmonella typhimurium TA98 in Barley fraction showed the following: methanol extract (99.58%)>ether fraction (98.05%)>buthanol fraction (56.90%)>water fraction (56.72%)>ethyl acetate fraction (28.72%). Among them, ether fraction in TA 98 showed strong antimutagenicity effects (85.56%, 98.05%) against mutation induced by 4-NQO and Trp-p-1. As concentration of the methanol extract increased (1.25~5 g/kg/10 cc), micronucleus formation in bone marrow by chemical mutagen (CP) showed inhibitory effects of 50% (p< 0.05).

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.123-132
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• 2010

The aim of the present study was to investigate whether self-fermented pine extract for 2 years (SFPE2) and ethyl acetate (EtOAc) fraction from self-fermented pine needle extract may affect the contractility of the isolated aortic strips and blood pressure of normotensive rats. SFPE2 ($360-1440\;{\mu}g/mL$) significantly depressed both phenylephrine ($10\;{\mu}M$)- and high potassium (56 mM)-induced contractile responses of the isolated rat aortic strips in dose-dependent fashion. The EtOAc-fraction ($400\;{\mu}g/mL$) also inhibited both phenylephrine ($10\;{\mu}M$)- and high potassium (56 mM)-induced contractile responses. Also, in anesthetized normotensive rats, intravenous injection of the EtOAc fraction (1.0~10.0 mg/kg) dose-dependently elicited hypotensive responses. The EtOAc fractions (1.0 and 3.0 mg/kg/30 min) inhibited norepinehrine-induced pressor responses. Intravenous infusion of SFPE2 fraction (3.0 and 10.0 mg/kg/30 min) also inhibited norepinehrine-induced pressor responses in both anesthetized spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) and normotensive rats. In conclusion, these results suggest that both SFPE2 and the EtOAc fraction cause vascular relaxation in the aortic strips isolated from normotensive rats and SHRs as well as vasodepressor responses. Based on these experimental data, it seems that SFPE2 or the EtOAc fraction possesses active antihypertensive components, which are available to prevent or treat hypertension in future.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.67-72
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• 2003

The leaves of D. racemosum showed strong DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging activity and the order of the radical scavenging activity against DPPH radical is ethyl acetate (EtOAc) fraction>crude extracts>residue fraction>hexane fraction>ether fraction, under the experimental conditions. Since EtOAc fraction has highest antioxidative activity among these fractions, the isolation was performed from the EtOAc fraction of the leaves of D. racemosum and four phenolic compounds were isolated and identified as follows: methyl gallate, kaempferol, quercetin and quercitrin. The free radical scavenging activities of these compounds were 79.9%, 93.1%, 93.6% and 66.7% at 10 ㎍/ml, respectively. The IC₅₀ of compound 1, compound 2, compound 3 and compound 4 were 6.1, 4.1, 3.6 and 6.5 ㎍/ml, respectively. These compounds have higher antioxidative activity compared with reference compounds, ascorbic acid (IC₅₀ = 9.6 ㎍/ml).

• 약학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.32-38
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• 1985

The anthelmintic substance of the roasted fruits of Prunas mume against Clonorchis sinensis was isolated and its structure was identified by chemical and physical methods. The results obtained from the experiments are as follows: 1) The methanol extract of the roasted fruits of P. mume was fractionated into four parts: petroleum ether, ethyl ether, ethyl acetate and water soluble part. Among these, etherial fraction was found to have strong wormicidal effect on liberated metacercaria of Clonorchis sinensis. 2) From the etherial fraction, the wormicidal substance was isolated by silica gel, polyamide and sephadex column chromatography and identified to be 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) by chemical and spectral data. 3) 5-HMF was synthesized and administered to the rabbits infected with C. sinensis. On the 2nd day after administration, the EPG (eggs per gram in feces) reached to the maximal value. Among the adult worms isolated from the bile duct of the treated animal, 84% of worms were damaged morphologically. 4) The content of 5-HMF in the fruits of P. mume which were roasted in an oven at $90-110^{\circ}C$ for 52 hours and that in the fresh fruits was evaluated by HPLC. The content of 5-HMF was 0.8% in the roasted fruits and 0.02% in the fresh ones.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.137-143
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• 2010

Objectives : The present study was conducted to examine the effect of Cudraniae Tricuspidatae Radix(CTR), which is the radix part of Cudrania tricuspidata Bureau, on cytokine secretion from the joint cells and spleen cells of mice with arthritis induced by collagen and verify its efficacy against rheumatoid arthritis. Methods : Three kinds of extract were prepared from CTR through extraction with hot-water and ethanol. The levels of cytokine secreted from the cells were measured, after the mice knee joint cells were cultured with each extract. Results : The three kinds of extracts from CTR decreased the growth rate and levels of inflammatory cytokines such as IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6, and TNF-${\alpha}$ from knee joint cells of mice. All of the organic-soluble fraction, such as hexane, ethyl ether, ethyl acetate, butanol, and residual water-soluble fraction decreased the levels of IL-$1{\beta}$, TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-6, and IL-10. Conclusion : These results suggest that CTR had some effects on rheumatitis, with fat and water-solubles in organic solvent considered as the effective element.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.274-280
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• 2017

In a search for novel treatments for diabetic complications from natural resources, we found that the ethyl acetate-soluble fraction from the 80% ethanol extract of the leaves of Homonoia riparia has a considerable inhibitory effect on advanced glycation end product (AGE) formation. Bioassay-guided isolation of this fraction resulted in identification of 15 phenolic compounds (1 - 15). These compounds were evaluated in vitro for inhibitory activity against the formation of AGE. The majority of tested compounds, excluding ethyl gallate (15), markedly inhibited AGE formation, with $IC_{50}$ values of $2.2-89.9{\mu}M$, compared with that of the positive control, aminoguanidine ($IC_{50}=962.3{\mu}M$). In addition, the effects of active isolates on the dilation of hyaloid-retinal vessels induced by high glucose (HG) in larval zebrafish was investigated; (-)-epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate (6), corilagin (7), and desmanthine-2 (11) significantly decreased HG-induced dilation of hyaloid-retinal vessels compared with the HG-treated control group.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.236-245
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• 2003

한국산 백삼으로부터 온도 및 에탄올 함유 비율을 달리하여 조제된 추출물들에 대한 angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) 저해활성을 검정하고 항산화 활성을 비교하기 위해 본 연구를 수행하였으며 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 10가지 조건에서 얻어진 추출물의 인삼분말에 대한 수율과 총 페놀함량은 $85^{\circ}C$에서 50% 에탄올로 추출했을 때 42.25% 및 0.82%로 가장 높았으며 대체적으로 가온조건이 상온조건보다 높았다. 상온 50% 에탄을 추출물로부터 조제된 분획물의 수율은 물 분획이 72.08%로 가장 높았고, 총 페놀함량은 에틸아세테이트 분획이 6.59%로 가장 높았다. 2. 10가지 추출물의 ACE 저해활성을 실험한 결과 $4000{\mu}g/ml$의 농도에서 상온 50% 에탄올 추출물이 93.8%로 가장 우수한 효과를 보였으며 이 값은 시판 ACE inhibitor의 85.2%보다도 월등하게 높은 수치였으며 분획물은 핵산(201%) > 에텔 (105%) > 에틸아세테이트 (67%) > 부탄올 (46%) < 물 분획 (19%)의 순으로 효과가 높았다. 3. 사람 LDL에 대한 산화저해효과 실험에서는 $85^{\circ}C$에서 얻어진 50% 에탄올 추출물이 $200{\mu}g/ml$의 농도에서 78.2%로 가장 효과적으로 항산화력을 보였으며 모든 추출물들이 60%이상의 높은 산화저해효과를 나타내었다. 분획물에 대한 LDL산화저해효과 검정 실험에서는 에텔 분획물 및 에틸아세테이트 분획물이 $10{\sim}200\;{\mu}g/ml$의 농도에서 $34.38%{\sim}78.13%$로 높은 활성을 보였다. 4. 각 에탄올 추출물의 linoleic acid 과산화저해 및 DPPH라디칼 소거효과는 그다지 높지 않았으며 비교 실험된 시판 천연 항산화제인 ${\alpha}-tocopherol$보다 매우 낮았다. 5 상관분석의 결과 총 페놀함량과 ACE 저해활성은 P<0.05의 수준에서 0.6353의 유의적인 상관성을 나타내었다. 이상의 실험결과로부터 인삼이 ACE 저해 및 LDL산화 저해작용을 효과적으로 나타내고 총 페놀함량이 많이 추출될 수 있으며 수율을 높일 수 있는 가장 적합한 조건은 상온 혹은 가온의 50% 에탄올 추출조건이었으며 인삼은 이러한 활성에 의해 항고혈압 및 동맥경화예방의 효과를 발휘 할 수 있을 것으로 기대되었다.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.222-229
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• 2002

씀바귀 뿌리 추출물 및 분획물에 대한 DPPH free radical 소거법에 의한 항산화활성을 검색한 결과 에칠아세테이트 분획물$(RC_{50}=12{\mu}g/ml)$이 대조구인 BHA$(RC_{50}=14{\mu}g/ml)$나 ${\alpha}-tocopherol(RC_{50}=12{\mu}g/ml)$과 유사한 활성을 나타내었다. 항미생물 활성을 측정한 결과 곰팡이 균주에 대해서는 물 분획물이 대체적으로 우수한 활성을 나타내었다. Hypocrea nigricans에서는 대조구인 Cyclohexamide$(13{\mu}g/ml)$보다 우수한 활성$(8{\mu}g/ml)$을 나타냈으며, Cladosporium herbarum에서는 부탄올 분획물$(8{\mu}g/ml)$과 메탄올 추출물$(16{\mu}g/ml)$에서 대조구$(25{\mu}g/ml)$보다 우수한 활성을 나타내었다. 반면에 세균 균주중 Bacillus subtilis 균주에 대해서는 물층 분획물$(32{\mu}g/ml)$과 에칠아세테이트 분획물$(125{\mu}g/ml)$이 우수하였으며, Candida lypolytica 균주에 대해서는 핵산 분획물 $(32{\mu}g/ml)$과 물충 분획물$(63{\mu}g/ml)$이 우수하였고, Escherichia coli 균주에 대해서는 에칠아세테이트 분획물$(125{\mu}g/ml)$과 메탄올 추출물$(250{\mu}g/ml)$이 우수한 활성을 나타내었다. 돌연변이원성 억제작용을 검토하기 위하여 Ames test 에서 양성반응을 나타내며, 물질 그 자체로서 돌연변이를 유발하는 직접 변이원물질로 MNNG와 4NQO 그리고 대사활성을 필요로 하는 간접 변이원 물질인 B(a)P을 사용하여 각각의 농도에 따른 돌연변이원성 억제활성 결과 MNNG$(0.4{\mu}g/plate)$의 경우 S. typhimurium TA100 균주에서 시료농도 $(100{\mu}g/plate)$에서 메탄올 추출물이 79.94%로 가장 높은 억제효과가 나타났다 4NQO$(0.15{\mu}g/plate)$에 대한 S. typhimurium TA98 균주에서 메탄올 추출물이 89.99%로 가장 높은 억제효과를 나타냈으며, TA100 균주의 경우에서도 메탄올 추출물에서 84.56% 로 가장 높은 억제 효과를 나타내었다. B(a)P$(10{\mu}g/plate)$에서는 TA98 균주에서 $(100{\mu}g/plate)$의 시료농도에서는 부탄올 분획물이 89.92%로 가장 높은 억제효과를 보였으며 TA100 균주에서는 메탄올 추출물이 77.47%로 가장 높은 억제효과를 나타내었다. 암세포주(A549, Hep3B, MCF-7)에 대한 씀바귀 뿌리추출물의 세포독성을 알아보기 위하여 실험한 결과, 페암세포주인 A549세포에서는 에칠아세테이트 분획물$(250{\mu}g/ml)$이 91.67%로 가장 높은 억제효과를 나타내었고, 간암세포주인 Hep3B에서는 에칠아세테이트 분획물 $(500{\mu}g/ml)$이 75.01%로 가장 높은 억제효과를 나타냈으며, 유방암 세포주인 MCF-7에서도 에칠아세테이트 분획물$(500{\mu}g/ml)$이 84%로 가장 높은 억제효과를 보였다. 정상 간세포주인 293에 대하여 시료농도에 따른 세포독성 효과를 나타낸 것으로 $(500{\mu}g/ml)$ 시료 첨가시 암세포에 대하여 대부분 50% 전후(물 분획물 제외)의 억제율을 보이는데 반해 293세포에 대해서는 29% 이하의 생육억제율을 보였다. 이는 암세포주에 대한 높은 억제효과에 비해 정상세포에 대해서는 비교적 낮은 독성효과를 나타냄을 알 수 있었다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권16호
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• pp.7337-7342
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• 2015

The study aimed to investigate the profile of alkaloids in two ethyl acetate soluble fractions, namely fractions A and B from an ethanolic extract of Ficus septica leaves and cytotoxic effect on T47D breast cancer cells. Preparation of both fractions involved maceration of leaves with 70% (v/v) ethanol, filtration with $Al_2O_3$, precipitation with 0.1 N HCl, Mayer reagent, and 0.1 N NaOH, and also partition with ethyl acetate. Qualitative thin layer chromatography (TLC) was conducted to determine the profile of alkaloids in the two fractions, using alkaloid specific reagents such as Dragendorff, sodium nitrite, and Van Urk-Salkowski. Cytotoxic effects of both fractions on T47D cells were evaluated using MTT assay with a concentration series of 1.56; 3.12; 6.25; 12.5; 25 and $50{\mu}g/mL$. The TLC test showed that fractions A and B contained alkaloids with Rx values of 0.74 and 0.80 for fraction A and 0.74, 0.84, 0.92 for fraction B with regard to yohimbine using the mobile phase of n-buthanol:glacial acetic acid:distilled water (3:1:1 v/v/v). Moreover, an indole alkaloid was detected with Rx values of 0.80 and 0.84, respectively. Fractions A and B exhibited high cytotoxic effects on T47D cells with IC50 values of 2.57 and $2.73{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. In conclusion, overall the results of this study showed that fractions of Ficus septica contain alkaloids including indole alkaloid or its derivatives and possess a cytotoxic effect on T47D cells. This research supports the idea that alkaloids in F. septica have anticancer activity.