• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.161-168
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• 2007

Salicornia herbacea L. (Chenopodiaceae: S. herbacea) is a salt marsh plant, which has long been prescribed in traditional medicines for the treatment of intestinal ailments, nephropathy, and hepatitis in Oriental countries. In order to elucidate the mechanisms of this herb, we conducted an anti-oxidative activity, the inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) production, and the suppression of the pro-inflammatory cytokine genes, with the solvent-extracts of S. herbacea. We found that both ethyl acetate and n-butanol tractions showed potent anti-oxidative effects in comparison to other fractions using xanthine oxidase assay with $IC_{50}$ values of $66.0{\pm}0.5\;{\mu}g/ml$ and $82.5{\pm}3.8\;{\mu}g/ml$, respectively. In addition, both ethyl acetate and n-butanol fractions showed more electron donating activity (EDA) than other tractions, according to DPPH (2, 2-Diphenyl-lpicrylhydrazyl radical) assay. The EDA of ethyl acetate fraction ($IC_{50}$ values of $117.5{\pm}3.8\;{\mu}g/ml$) is more significant than that of n-butanol fraction ($IC_{50}$ values of $375.0{\pm}12.5\;{\mu}g/ml$). Among potential anti-oxidative tractions, ethyl acetate traction dose-dependently suppressed lipopolysaccharide (LPS, $0.1\;{\mu}g/ml$)-induced nitric oxide (NO) production in RAW264.7 cell, while n-butanol did not. As expected, ethyl acetate fraction suppressed the expression of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) in RAW264.7 cell stimulated by $0.1\;{\mu}g/ml$ of LPS. Moreover, the ethyl acetate traction suppressed the expression of interleukin-1 $(IL)-1{\beta}$ and granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) mRNA in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Therefore, these results suggest that S. herbacea may have anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory activities by modulating radical-induced toxicity and various pro-inflammatory responses.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.87-94
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• 2000

In order to investigate the hepatoprotective constituents, Melonis Pedicellus was systematically extracted and fractionated with n-hexane, ethyl acetate, butanol and water Treatment of rats with ethyl acetate fraction reduced hepatic injuries induced by $\alpha$-naphthylisothiocyanate or D-galactosamine, whereas the components in water fraction showed protective effect only against D-galactosamine-induced hepatitis in rats. Two cucurbitacins and three sterols were isolated from ethylacetate fraction and their chemical structures were identified as cucurbitacin B, isocucurbitacin B, $\alpha$-spinasterol, stigmast-7-en-3-ol and stigmast-7-en-3-ol-0-$\beta$-D-glucopyranoside. Cucurbitacin B at the dose of 1 mg/kg (p.o.) signifcantly increased in bile flow in rats with ANIT-induced cholestasis. Isocucurbitacin B at 5 mg/hg (p.o.) showed signilicant protective effects against ANIT-induced cholestasis. These results showed that cucurbitacin B and isocucurbitacin B from Melonis Pedicellus may have hepatoprotective effect in rats with experimental cholestasis.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.202-205
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• 2008

The antioxidant activity of Paeonia suffruticosa (Paeoniaceae) was determined by measuring the radical scavenging effect on DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl). The methanolic extract of P. suffruticosa showed the strong antioxidant activity. The antioxidant activity of ethyl acetate soluble fraction was stronger than that of the others ($IC_{50}$, $1.2\;{\mu}g/mL$), and the fraction was subjected to purification by repeated silica gel and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography. Suffruticosol A, suffruticosol B, methyl gallate, and gallic acid, were isolated from the ethyl acetate soluble fraction. Their structures were elucidated by physico-chemical and spectroscopic studies.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.195-200
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• 2000

Yields of various solvent extracts for Zanthoxylum schinifolium and Z. piperitum leaves were higher in ethanol extract layer. Ethanol Extract in sancho and chopi leaves was fractionated with different solvents, such as hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, butanol and water, yields of hexane fraction was higher. In the solvent extracts using methanol, ethanol, hexane, chloroform, and water, ethanol extract showed the most effective antimicrobial activities. Ethanol extract in sancho and chopi leaves was fractionated, the most antimicrobial activities of sancho leaf were ethyl acetate fraction, and chopi leaf were chloroform fraction.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.219-224
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• 2011

In this study, we evaluated the anti-oxidative, whitening and anti-wrinkle effect of Tetrapanax papyriferum extract. Tetrapanax papyriferum was extracted by two different solvents which were n-Hexane, ethyl acetate. The anti-oxidant activity was measured by free radical scavenging activity using DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical). And the inhibitory activities of tyrosinase for whitening effect and collagenase, elastase for anti-wrinkle were investigated. For anti-oxidant activity, ethyl acetate fraction of Tetrapanax papyriferum extract showed more significant activity than n-Hexane fraction of Tetrapanax papyriferum extract. For whitening activity, n-Hexane fraction of Tetrapanax papyriferum extract exhibited strong inhibition effects compared with reference. Therefore, Tetrapanax papyriferum extract may be useful as a new antioxidant and whitening agent.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.58-61
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• 2007

A Insecticidal effect of Ginkgo biloba leaves extract was conducted for Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus as a predominant species in korea. D. pteronyssinus has been cultured in constant temperature and humidity chamber at the 25$^{\circ}C$ and 75% of relative humidity. The mortality of mites was determined by counting the dead bodies for every hour within 48 hours with pin hall microscope after treated by Ginkgo biloba leaves extract spreaded on 0.1 g of mass cultured media. The sequence of mortality for D. pteronyssinus are as follows, bilobalide was 91.6%, 80$^{\circ}C$ water extract was 82.8%, second water fraction was 75%, ethyl acetate fraction from 80$^{\circ}C$ water fraction was 73%, first ethyl acetate fraction from 80$^{\circ}C$ water extract was 69.4%, putaltrin was 65%, distilled water was 58%, methanol extract was 57.8%, Ginkgolide-A was 57.1 %, ethyl acetate fraction of 80$^{\circ}C$ water extract was 55%, respectively. From the these results we conclude that the bilobalide is the most effective component in the Ginkgo biloba leaves extract having insecticidal effect on house dust mite.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.452-460
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• 2018

This study was conducted to investigate the physiological activities of Houttuynia cordata extracts and fractions. H. cordata extracts were extracted with 50% ethanol and the ethyl acetate fractions were obtained from the extracts. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of the ethyl acetate fraction for S. aureus and B. subtilis were $78{\mu}g/mL$ and $312{\mu}g/mL$, respectively, indicating the high activity against gram-positive bacteria. The free radical scavenging activity ($FSC_{50}$) for 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) was higher in the ethyl acetate fraction with $12.00{\mu}g/mL$ compared to that of $27.15{\mu}g/mL$ for 50% ethanol extract. The total antioxidant activity ($OSC_{50}$) values for reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced in $Fe^{3+}-EDTA/H_2O_2$ system by a luminol-dependent chemiluminescence method were 2.91 and $0.983{\mu}g/ml$ for the 50% ethanol extract and ethyl acetate fraction, respectively. To investigate cellular protective effects on the HaCaT cell, the intracellular ROS scavenging activity was measured after UVB irradiation and the ethyl acetate fraction of H. cordata showed the activity in a concentration-dependent from $1.6{\mu}g/mL$ and a reduction rate of 54.3% at a maximum concentration of $12.5{\mu}g/mL$. Also, HaCaT cell protective effect against $H_2O_2$-mediated decreased the cell viability of the ethyl acetate fraction of H. cordata which significantly increased the cell viability from $0.8{\mu}g/mL$ and the maximum cell viability showed 86.9%. The ethyl acetate fraction of the H. cordata extracts was analyzed by TLC and HPLC. As a result, quercitrin, isoquercitrin, hyperoside, chlorogenic acid, neochlorogenic acid, cryptochlorogenic acid, rutin and afzelin were identified. From the above results, it was suggested that the extracts and fractions of H. cordata have a potential to be applied in the field of cosmetics as a natural antioxidant/preservative capable of protecting the cell membrane from the oxidative stress by eliminating ROS and exhibiting the antimicrobial effect.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.117-125
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• 2013

In this study, The stability of a cream containing the ethyl acetate fraction of 50% ethanol extracts from Glycyrrhiza uralensis (G. uralensis) cultured in Korea was investigated. pH, absorbance, viscosity and color difference of the cream containing 0.20% ethyl acetate fraction of the aforementioned G. uralensis extracts were measured under 4 different temperature conditions ($4^{\circ}C$ $25^{\circ}C$ $37^{\circ}C$ and $45^{\circ}C$) and under the sun light at 2 week intervals for 12 weeks. pH changes of a control cream without the extracts and the sample cream containing 0.20% ethyl acetate fraction of G. uralensis extracts were 0.66 and 0.44, respectively. There were no significant pH differences between the sample and the control under the sun. Viscosities of the control cream and the sample cream decreased by 2,483 cPs and 2,893 cPs respectively. So, the sample cream showed a bigger decline (410 cP) in viscosity than the control cream. The ethyl acetate fraction of G. uralensis extracts did not affect the stability of the cream. Absorbance of ethanol solution of the ethyl acetate fraction decreased 30.00% at 276 nm under the sun. On the other hand, the absorbance of the sample cream containing the ethyl acetate fraction decreased 12.02%. The stability of the G. uralensis extracts was better in cream formulation than in ethanol solution. The total color differences of all creams increased slightly during the study period under various conditions. The results appeared to indicate the color stability of the cream containing 0.20% ethyl acetate fraction of G. uralensis extracts. It is suggested that further study is needed to provide more information to the manufacturers who are seeking for the application of the G. uralensis extracts to improve the anti-oxidant and stability of cosmetic products.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.30 no.8
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• pp.688-694
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• 2020

In a previous study, the total phenolic content in ethanol extracts of medicinal plants that naturally grow on Jeju Island were analyzed with the extracts of Raphiolepsis indica leaf found to have the highest. The current study was carried out to evaluate the total flavonoid content, radical-scavenging activity, and the protective effect of R. indica extracts and solvent fractions on oxidative stress in HaCaT keratinocytes. More specifically, total flavonoid content and 2-azino-bis 3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) radical-scavenging activity were measured to assess anti-oxidative activity, and protective effects against hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) were determined by 3-[4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay on the HaCaT cells. Of the various fractions analyzed, the ethyl acetate extract of R. indica showed the highest total flavonoid content (149.13 mg/g extracts) and the lowest remaining ABTS. In addition, the ethyl acetate fraction was significantly more resistant against H₂O₂ than the negative control. Our results therefore suggest that an ethyl acetate fraction of R. indica protects HaCaT cells against oxidative stress and could prove useful for developing functional cosmetic materials.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.683-688
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• 1993

The antioxidative effect of the 75% ethanol extracts of preliminary selected Fritillaria ussuriensis Max(Fs), Houttuynia cordata Thunb(Hc), Portulaca oleracea L.(Po) and Perilla frutescene Var javanica Hara cake(Pf) were tested on palm oil and lard by rancimat test. Each solvent fraction of chloroform, ethyl acetate(EtOAc), butanol and water, was also evaluated its antioxidative effect with some synergists, like as ascorbic acid, citric acid and ${\delta}-tocopherol$. Po extract showed higher antioxidative effect on lard and the fraction of all test plants were the most effective on palm oil and lard with ascorbic acid and ${\delta}-tocopherol$. When 200 ppm of EtOAc fraction of Fs, He and Po extract each with 200 ppm of ascorbic acid were added to palm oil, the antioxidative index(AI, induction time of oil containing each extract/induction time of test oil) were 1.60, 1.53 and 1.47 respectively and 200 ppm of EtOAc fraction of Po and Pf extract each with 200 ppm of tocopherol to lard, the AI were 3.19 and 3.63 respectively.