• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.31-37
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• 1996

This study was conducted to know the odor characteristics and compounds in neutral, acidic and basic fraction from the essential oil of Valerliana fauriei root. Among the fraction from the essential oil of V. fauriei root, the content of neutral fraction was 92%, that of the acidic fraction, 6%, and that of basic and phenolic fractions, less than 1%, respectively. The neutral fraction was characterized by sweet-balsamic, woody, musky and medicinal odor. The acidic fraction had sweat-socks, valeric-like and cheese-like odor characters. The netural fraction of essential oil was fractionated by solvents with different polarities, resulting in 44% of ethyl ether fraction, 34% of pentane-ethyl ether fraction, 11% of pentane fraction and 11% of methanol fraction. The ethyl ether fraction was characterized by woody and medicinal odor and the pentane-ethyl ether fraction, by sweet-balsamic, woody and herb-like odor. The fractions were fractionated again by different solvents, and 12 chemical components including valeranone, 26 components including bornyl acetate, and 43 components including camphene were identified in the ethyl ether fraction, the pentane - ethyl ether fraction, and pentane fraction, respectively. In the acidic fraction, n-butanoic acid and other 44 components were identified, among which the most abundant ones were 3-methyl butanoic acid(42.1%), dimethoxy-2-propanoic acid(11.5%), and 5-­ethyldihydro-2H-furanone(5.7%).

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.157-165
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• 2010

In this study, the antioxidative effects, inhibitory effects on tyrosinase and elastase of Rhododendron brachycarpum D. Don extracts were investigated. And the moisturizing effect of cream containing R. brachycarpum D. Don extract were investigated by clinical trial. The ethyl acetate fraction of R. brachycarpum D. Don extract (1.83 ${\mu}g/mL$) showed the most prominent the free radical (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, DPPH) scavenging activity ($FSC_{50}$). Reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging activities ($OSC_{50}$) of R. brachycarpum D. Don extracts on ROS generated in $Fe^{3+}$-EDTA/$H_2O_2$ system were investigated using the luminol-dependent chemiluminescence assay. The 50 % extract fraction (0.064 ${\mu}g/mL$) showed the most prominent ROS scavenging activity. The protective effects of extract/fractions of R. brachycarpum D. Don on the rose-bengal sensitized photohemolysis of human erythrocytes were investigated. The R. brachycarpum D. Don extracts suppressed photohemolysis in a concentration dependent manner (1 ~ 10 ${\mu}g/mL$). The inhibitory effects ($IC_{50}$) of R. brachycarpum D. Don extracts on tyrosinase were determined with ethyl acetate fraction of R. brachycarpum D. Don extract (70.5 ${\mu}g/mL$) and aglycone fraction of extract (122.40 ${\mu}g/mL$). The inhibitory effects ($IC_{50}$) on elastase were determined with ethyl acetate of R. brachycarpum D. Don extract (43.50 ${\mu}g/mL$) and aglycone fraction of extract (20.73 ${\mu}g/mL$). The cream containing the ethyl acetate fraction of R. brachycarpum D. Don extracts was formulated for skin hydration effect and transepidermal water loss (TEWL). The cream containing R. brachycarpum D. Don extract was applied to the right lower arm. After 180 min, the water contents in skin were increased by 1 ~ 4 % than the placebo cream. And TEWL of parts was decreased as 7.7 $g/m^2h$ (experimental cream) and 8.9 $g/m^2h$ (placebo cream) respectively. These results indicate that extract/fractions of R. brachycarpum D. Don can function as antioxidants in biological systems, particularly skin exposed to UV radiation by scavenging $^1O_2$ and other ROS, and protect cellular membranes against ROS. And inhibitory activity on tyrosinase of the aglycone fraction could be applicable to new functional cosmetics for whitening and anti-wrinkle products. Also the increase of skin hydration of the cream containing extract could be applicable to new functional cosmetics for antiaging.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.21 no.11
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• pp.1579-1585
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• 2011

Natural anti-diabetic semipurified ethyl acetate fraction was isolated from the submerged-liquid culture of Agaricus blaze Murill (AB) in a medium containing soybean flakes. Hot-water extract of AB (HEAB) was prepared by extraction at $121^{\circ}C$ for 60 min, followed by filtering through a filter presser filled with diatomate. The ${\beta}$-glucan-free HEAB, which was a supernatant fraction from HEAB by precipitation in an 80% ethanol solution, was fractionated into hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and butanol fractions. The inhibition of the ${\alpha}$-glucosidase activity by fractions was 59.0, 17.0, 61.6, and 37.9%, respectively, suggesting that ethyl acetate fraction was the most active. A subfraction having a strong ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibitory activity (80.4%) was isolated from the ethyl acetate fraction. This subfraction contained isoflavones (genistin and daidzin) and their conjugates with sugars as potent inhibiters of ${\alpha}$-glucosidase activity. These results suggest that the ethyl acetate fraction or HEAB containing isoflavones and their sugars conjugates could be useful sources for controlling blood sugar levels in humans.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.241-248
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• 2002

The dried Prunus mume, an alkaline food abundant in organic acids (citric acid, malic acid and tartaric acid), has been largely used in both folklore remedies and Chinese herbal medicine for a long time. This study was performed to investigate the antimicrobial activity of the dried Prunus mume. The fractionation of the methanol extracts from Prunus mume was conducted using petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate and butanol, respectively. The antimicrobial activity of the Prunus mume extracts was then determined against food-borne pathogens using a paper disc method. The ethyl acetate extract showed the strongest antimicrobial activity against the eigth food-born pathogens used in this present study. Diaion HP 20 column chromatography was performed to remove some sugars that might inhibit the antimicrobial activity of Prunus mume. The strongest antimicrobial activity of ethyl acetate fraction of Prunus mume was shown against Staphylococus aureus. The growth inhibition curve was determined using ethyl acetate extracts of Prunus mume against Staphylococus aureus, which showed the growth inhibition up to 72 hours at 1,000 ppm concentration.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.584-591
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• 2016

Saururus chinensis is a perennial plants, its flavonoid compound is known to exhibit anti-oxidative activity. This study was aimed to investigate the effect of Water Extract and Solvent Fractions of Saururus chinensis on antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-invasive of Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-induced matrix metalloproteinase (MMP-2) and MMP-9 activities. Plant samples were fractionated into hexane, CHCl₃, ethyl acetate, butanol, and water fractions, and each of these was assayed individually. The water fraction showed the highest extraction yield at 9.25%(w/w). Anti-oxidative activity was analyzed by DPPH assay. Cell viability was detected by the MTS assay. Anti-inflammatory activity was assayed by the nitric oxide (NO) production in mouse macrophage Raw 264.7 cells. The activity and mRNA expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in human oral squamous carcinoma YD-10B cells were examined by zymography and RT-PCR. As results, MMP-2/-9 activation was increased in PMA induced YD-10B cells. In PMA-treated YD-10B cells, the increased mRNA expression and protein activation of MMP-2/-9 were significantly inhibited in the ethyl acetate fraction. The ethyl acetate fraction showed the highest anti-oxidative activity at 73.38%. The ethyl acetate fraction at non-cytotoxic concentrations significantly exhibited the anti-inflammatory activity of Raw 264.7 cells in dose-dependent manner. In conclusion, these findings demonstrate that the ethyl acetate fraction obtained from a chinensis water extract potentiates a promising therapeutic anti-invasive agent and, therefore, as an anti-cancer drug for cancer prevention and therapy in oral cancer.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.159-169
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• 2009

In this study, the antibacterial activity, antioxidative effects, inhibitory effects on tyrosinase, inhibitory effects on elastase, and components of Quercus acutissima Carruth leaf extracts were investigated. MIC values of ethyl acetate fraction from Q. acutissima Carruth leaf on P. acnes, S. aureus, P. ovale, and E. coli were 0.13 %, 0.25 %, 0.13 % and 0.25 %, respectively. The results showed that the antibacterial activity of the ethyl acetate fraction was the highest in the S. aureus, P. acnes, and P. ovale. The free radical (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, DPPH) scavenging activity ($FSC_{50}$) of extract/fractions of Q. acutissima Carruth. leaf was in the order: 50 % ethanol extract (12.13 ${\mu}g/mL$) < ethyl acetate fraction (7.07 ${\mu}g/mL$) < deglycosylated flavonoid aglycone fraction (6.20 ${\mu}g/mL$). Reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging activities ($OSC_{50}$) of some Q. acutissima Carruth leaf extracts on ROS generated in $Fe^{3+}-EDTA/H_2O_2$ system were investigated using the luminol-dependent chemiluminescence assay. The order of ROS scavenging activity was 50 % ethanol extract ($OSC_{50}$, 1.81 ${\mu}g/mL$) < ethyl acetate fraction (1.70 ${\mu}g/mL$) < deglycosylated flavonoid aglycone fraction (0.70 ${\mu}g/mL$). Deglycosylated flavonoid aglycone fraction showed the most prominent scavenging activity. The protective effects of extract/fractions of Q. acutissima Carruth leaf on the rose-bengal sensitized photohemolysis of human erythrocytes were investigated. The Q. acutissima Carruth leaf extracts suppressed photohemolysis in a concentration dependent manner, particularly deglycosylated flavonoid aglycone fraction exhibited the most prominent celluar protective effect (${\tau}50$, 220.00 min at 25 ${\mu}g/mL$). Aglycone fractions obtained from the deglycosylation reaction of ethyl acetate fraction among the Q. acutissima Carruth leaf extracts, showed 3 bands (QA 1, QA2 and QA3) on TLC. TLC chromatogram of ethyl acetate fraction of Q. Carruth. leaf extract revealed 4 bands (QA 1 ${\sim}$ QA 4), Among them, kaempferol (QA 1), quercetin (QA 2), and gallic acid (QA 3) were identified. The inhibitory effect ($IC_{50}$) of aglycone fraction on tyrosinase was 65.7 ${\mu}g/mL$. The inhibitory effect ($IC_{50}$) of aglycone fraction on elastase was 24.50 ${\mu}g/mL$. These results indicate that extract/fractions of Q. acutissima Carruth. can functionized as antioxidants in biological systems, particularly skin exposed to UV radiation by scavenging $^1O_2$ and other ROS, and protect cellular membranes against ROS. Extract/fractions of Q. acutissima Corruth can be applicable to new functional cosmetics for antioxidant, antiaging, antibacterial activity.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.772-781
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• 2018

In this study, we investigated antioxidant, antimicrobial and cytoprotective effects of 50% ethanol extract and ethyl acetate fraction from rhizomes of Belamcanda chinensis (L.) DC. 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activities ($FSC_{50}$) of the 50% ethanol extract and ethyl acetate fraction were 621.5 and $253.0{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. Total antioxidant capacities ($OSC_{50}$) of the extract and fraction were 13.6 and $3.0{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of the ethyl acetate fraction for Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans were 156, $1,250{\mu}g/mL$, respectively, indicating similar or higher levels of those of using methyl paraben. Cytoprotective effects of the 50% ethanol extract against $^1O_2$-induced cellular damage (${\tau}_{50}$) showed in a dose dependent manner at 4 to $64{\mu}g/mL$. ${\tau}_{50}$ of the 50% ethanol extract, ethyl acetate fraction and (+)-${\alpha}$-tocopherol at $16{\mu}g/mL$ were 36.4, 45.0 and 45.8 min respectively, and the ethyl acetate fraction showed cytoprotective effects similar to (+)-${\alpha}$-tocopherol. In ultraviolet B radiation-induced HaCaT cell damage, the ethyl acetate fraction decreased intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) up to 45.9% at $8{\mu}g/mL$. Also in $H_2O_2$-induced HaCaT cell damage, the ethyl acetate fraction significantly increased the cell viability at $0.5{\sim}8.0{\mu}g/mL$. As a result of chemical analyses of the ethyl acetate fraction, the presence of flavonoids and polyphenol such as irisflorentin, irigenin, tectorigenin, resveratrol, iridin and tectoridin were identified. In conclusion, the extract/fraction from rhizomes of B. chinensis can be applied as a natural antioxidant and antimicrobial material to cosmetics.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.349-354
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• 2004

The extracts of Pinus densiflora sawdust by n hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol solvent were investigated to identify their mycelial growth inhibition against Lentinus edodes. The yields of n hexane soluble fraction, ethyl acetate-soluble fraction, and methanol soluble fraction from P. densiflora sawdust were obtained 1.36%, 2.21% and 4.03% using organic solvent, respectively. The mycelial growth inhibition of L. edodes was the greatest for n hexane extract, ranging from 36.5% to 47.6% at concentrations of 125 ppm to 1,000 ppm, with the values for all concentrations significantly different from one another. After direct extraction of P. densiflora sawdust using n hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol, each extract was separated into three fractions by silica gel column chromatography and then the fractions were isolated on the values of $R_f$ by thin layer chromatography. The mycelial growth inhibition against L. edodes was recognized in the fractions II (33.5%) and III (37.6%) of n hexane extract, the fraction II (21.4%) of ethyl acetate extract and the fraction II (26.4%) of methanol extract. The fractions III of n-hexane extract showed the highest growth inhibition among the nine fractions of the organic solvent extract.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.207-212
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• 2014

This study was conducted in order to investigate the physiological activities, including antioxidative, fibrinolytic, thrombin inhibitory, and ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibitory activities of the water extract and solvent fractions isolated from Pholiota adiposa. The antioxidative activities of the water extract and water fraction were 57.57% and 48.27%, respectively. The fibrinolytic activity was strong only in the ethyl acetate fraction at 0.70 plasmin units/mL. The ethyl acetate fraction showed high thrombin inhibitory activity, and a-glucosidase inhibitory activity at 77.67% and 89.32%, respectively. The ethyl acetate fraction hydrolyzed both $A{\alpha}$ and $B{\beta}$ subunits of human fibrinogen, but did not show reactivity for the ${\gamma}$ form of human fibrinogen. Fibrinolytic activity of the ethyl acetate fraction was not decreased by heating for 10 min at $100^{\circ}C$.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.325-331
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• 2008

The propose of this study was to investigate the antioxidant activity of 80% ethanol extracts and various solvent fractions of dandelion (Taraxacmn officinale) leaves and roots, Total phenolics and phenolic acid contents were also examined. The total phenol content of leaves and roots were $7.9{\pm}0.4%$ and $9.4{\pm}0.3%$ respectively. Eight phenolic acids were separated by GC, among which caffeic acid (113.7 mg%)and m-coumaric acid (152.6 mg) were the dominant phenolic acids in leaves and roots, respectively. Amongst solvent functions of leaves and roots, the ethyl acetate fraction showed the strongest radical scavenging activity. A strong correlation was found between total phenol content and electron-donating ability, and ABTS radical scavenging activity showed a similar trend as electron-donating ability. Hydroxyl-radical-scavenging activity and lipid peroxidation were significantly higher in the ethyl acetate fraction than other factions. In particular, the SOD-like activity was highest (43.6%) in the ethyl acetate fraction of dandelion leaves, and was higher than that of trolox. Thus, the ethyl acetate fraction of dandelion leaves exhibited significant phenol content, antioxidant activity, and free-radical-scavenging effects.