• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.34-46
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to investigate disinfection state and effective factors of foodservice facilities and utilities of elementary schools in Busan area. Foodservice facilities and utilities investigated in this study were ceiling, wall, floor, trench, greasetrap, hood, pest and dumb waiter. The questionnaire which was administered to 196 dietitians was used as a survey method. The results were as follows. The washing method of foodservice facilities and utilities was mainly used by detergent washing-natural dry. The disinfection method of foodservice facilities and utilities was mainly sanitized by sodium hypochlorite. Dumb waiter and hood were sanitized by 70% ethyl alcohol and iodine. In washing and disinfection frequencies of foodservice facilities and utilities ceiling was twice/year, wall, hood and pest control facilities were once/week, floor, trench, greasetrap and dumb waiter were everyday, respectively. Floor, trench, greasetrap and dumb waiter were disinfected properly, whereas ceiling, wall, hood and pest were not disinfected properly. The washing method was related to dietitian's marital status and education. The disinfection state was related to dietitian's age and career, having of sanitation check list. The disinfection method was also affected dietitian's marital status, number of employee, duration of foodservice, number of total serving and having of sanitation check list. Therefore based on the results of this study, it should be given to the microbiological study on disinfection of facilities and utilities such as ceiling, wall, floor, trench, greasetrap, hood, pest and dumb waiter and the dietitian and employee's sanitation training also should be conducted continuously.

• Proceedings of the SCSK Conference
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• 2003.09b
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• pp.268-279
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• 2003

The nano capsulation of the ceramide was a technique that capsulated ceramide III and tocopheryl linoleate at the mono-vesicle, so as to act the horny layer in skin. It was used 0.5-5.0 wt% of hydrogenated lecithin and 0.01~2.00 wt% of lysolecithin as the membrane-strengthen agents of the mono-vesicle, 5.0~10 wt% of propylene glycol and 5.0~10.0 wt% of ethyl alcohol made by high-pressure Microfluidizer. To enhance the moisturizing efficacy and treat an atopy skin, used ceramide III and tocopheryl linoleate as the active ingredients, and it was made the nano-capsule that synthetic emulsifiers were free. The optimal condition of capsulation of nano ceramide was as follows. The conditions were 3 times at 1,000bar and 60-7$0^{\circ}C$. The particle size showed 63.1$\pm$7.34 nm such as the transparence water as the results for measuring by the laser light scattering. A zeta potential value was -55.1$\pm$0.84 ㎷. The result of the clinical test, the moisturizing effect (in-vivo, n=8, p-value<0.05) was improved 21.15% compared to control, as well as it was improved 36.31 % before the treatment. Moreover, the effectiveness of atopy skin indicated positive reaction that patients were 10 volunteers.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.151-159
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• 2015

PURPOSE. To describe and characterize the surface topography and cleanliness of CAD/CAM manufactured zirconia abutments after steaming and ultrasonic cleaning. MATERIALS AND METHODS. A total of 12 ceramic CAD/CAM implant abutments of various manufacturers were produced and randomly divided into two groups of six samples each (control and test group). Four two-piece hybrid abutments and two one-piece abutments made of zirconium-dioxide were assessed per each group. In the control group, cleaning by steam was performed. The test group underwent an ultrasonic cleaning procedure with acetone, ethyl alcohol and antibacterial solution. Groups were subjected to scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis and Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) to verify and characterize contaminant chemical characterization non- quantitatively. RESULTS. All zirconia CAD/CAM abutments in the present study displayed production-induced wear particles, debris as well as organic and inorganic contaminants. The abutments of the test group showed reduction of surface contamination after undergoing an ultrasonic cleaning procedure. However, an absolute removal of pollutants could not be achieved. CONCLUSION. The presence of debris on the transmucosal surface of CAD/CAM zirconia abutments of various manufacturers was confirmed. Within the limits of the study design, the results suggest that a defined ultrasonic cleaning process can be advantageously employed to reduce such debris, thus, supposedly enhancing soft tissue healing. Although the adverse long-term influence of abutment contamination on the biological stability of peri-implant tissues has been evidenced, a standardized and validated polishing and cleaning protocol still has to be implemented.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.142-148
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• 1992

Certain parts of 95 species of edible and medical plants were extracted with water and 75% of ethyl alcohol. After addition of those extracts to palm oil, lard and soybean oil at different level, their antioxidative activities were compared by Rancimat test. Six species among them seemed to have rather strong antioxidative activity and high extracting yields(i.e. Taraxacum platycarpum, Plantago asiatica, Rhus javanica L., Lycopus lucidus, Astragalus membranaceus, Taraxacum platycarpumH). Among them, the Rhus javanica L. ethanol extract retarded greatly the induction period of palm oil and lard. When 600 ppm of Rhus javanica L. extract were added to palm oil and lard, AI(antioxidant index was expressed as induction period of oil containing various plant extracts/induction period of control oil) of each was 1.35 and 3.03 respectively. This result indicated that the Rhus javanica L. extract was more effective on lard than the other oils.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.766-770
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• 2009

Hot water extracts of Camellia japonica flower buds were found to have the higher 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity than the other solvent extracts. Five phenolic compounds were isolated and purified from the ethyl acetate soluble-neutral fraction of hot water extracts by Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography and octadecyl silane-high performance liquid chromatography using the guided assay of DPPH radical scavenging. Based on mass spectrometer and nuclear magnetic resonance, the isolated compounds were identified as p-hydroxybenzaldehyde (1), vanillin (2), dehydroxysynapyl alcohol (3), 7S,7'S,8R,8'R-icariol $A_2$ (4), and (-)-epicatechin (5). Four compounds (1-4) except for 5 were newly identified in this plant. Their DPPH radical scavenging activities as 50% scavenging concentration decreased in order to 5 $(20\;{\mu}M)>{\alpha}-tocopherol$ $(29\;{\mu}M)>4$ $(67\;{\mu}M)>3$ $(72\;{\mu}M)>1=2$ ($>250\;{\mu}M$). These results indicate that the antioxidant effect of the hot water extract of C. japonica flower buds may partially due to 5 isolated phenolic compounds.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.229-236
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• 2006

Gaegurin 4 (GGN4), a novel peptide isolated from the skin of a Korean frog, Rana rugosa, has broad spectrum antimicrobial activity. A number of amphipathic peptides closely related to GGN4 undergo a coil to helix transition with concomitant oligomerization in lipid membranes or membrane-mimicking environments. Despite intensive study of their secondary structures, the oligomeric states of the peptides before and after the transition are not well understood. To clarify the structural basis of its antibiotic action, we used analytical ultracentrifugation to define the aggregation state of GGN4 in water, ethyl alcohol, and 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-propanol (HFIP). The maximum size of GGN4 in 15% HFIP corresponded to a decamer, whereas it was monomeric in buffer. The oligomeric transition is accompanied by a cooperative 9 nm blue-shift of maximum fluorescence emission and a large secondary structure change from an almost random coil to an ${\alpha}$-helical structure. GGN4 induces pores in lipid membranes and, using electrophysiological methods, we estimated the diameter of the pores to be exceed $7.3{\AA}$, which suggests that the minimal oligomer structure responsible is a pentamer.

• Journal of The Korean Dental Society of Anesthesiology
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• v.3 no.1 s.4
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• pp.6-9
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• 2003

Background: The use of neurolytic agents to control neuropathic pain has been described from the last century Phenol and ethyl alcohol have been widely used as neurolytic agents, however, their neurolytic effect is variable in efficacy and duration of action, and infrequently accompanied with grave complications. It has been found that 5% lidocaine causes irreversible conduction blockade in animal studies. The goal of this study was to evaluate the neurolytic effect of 5%o lidocaine on various neuropathic pain syndromes for prolonged analgesia. Methods: Twenty-five patients with a diagnosis of neuropathic pain including trigeminal neuralgia (n = 7), postherpetic neuralgia (n = 10), and postsurgical neuralgia (n = 8) were selected after failure of routine therapeutic regimens. After performing a diagnostic nerve block with 1% lidocaine and 5% lidocaine was injected. The patients were followed for 6 months. Visual analog scale (VAS) scores and side effects were recorded for each patients. Results: A significant decrease in pain scores after neurolytic blockade with 5% lidocaine was seen in all of three pain groups. All the patients reported immediate and prolonged pain relief lasting from 4 weeks to 6 months. None of patients exhibited any appreciable side effects or complications. Conclusions: We suggest that 5% lidocaine may be used safely and effectively for the purpose of prolonged analgesia in selected patients with intractable neuropathic pain syndromes.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.40 no.5
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• pp.433-437
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• 1997

The jujube alcoholic beverage, one of Korean traditional wine was manufactured by varying the additional levels of jujube fruits from 1.89 to 7.57% on the basis of raw material and the quality of wine was anaylzed by physical, chemical and sensory evaluation. Fermentation temperature of wines Increased to the highest value of $24{\sim}26^{\circ}C$ in the 2nd day of fermentation. Jujube fruits effected the increase in total acid contents. Both reducing and total sugar contents were on the peak values of $13{\sim}53%$ and $43{\sim}51%$ after the 2nd brewing stage$(1{\sim}1.5day) and continuously decreased afterwards. Ethyl alcohol concentrations were rapidly increased In $1{\sim}3days$ of fermentation and their increasing rates were affected with the added amount of jujube. Amylase activity was on the highest value in $2{\sim}2.5{\;}days$ and decreased afterwards. According to the sensory evaluation of the overall quality Dacchusul could be classified into 2 groups. The superior group was composed of E, C, B, D and the inferior group included A and F. However the highest sensory quality was observed from E which was added at the level of 7.57% jujube fruit.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.59 no.2
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• pp.155-158
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• 2016

The fruits of Prunus davidiana were extracted with 80 % aqueous methanol at room temperature. The concentrated extract was partitioned as ethyl acetate (EtOAc), n-butyl alcohol, and water fractions. From the EtOAc fraction, three triterpenoids were isolated through the repeated silica gel ($SiO_2$) and octadecyl $SiO_2$ column chromatographies. Based on physico-chemical and spectroscopic data including nuclear magnetic resonance, mass spectrometry, and infrared, the compounds were identified to be ursolic acid (1), corosolic acid (2), and ${\alpha}-amyrin$ (3).

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.30 no.7
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• pp.369-375
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• 2020

FDM 3D printing structures have rough surfaces and require post-treatment to improve the properties. Fumigation is a representative technique for removing surface unevenness. Surface treatment by fumigation proceeds by dissolving the surface of the protruding structure using a vaporized solvent. In this study, 3D printed PVB outputs are surface-treated with ethyl-alcohol fumigation. As the fumigation time increases, the surface flattens as ethanol dissolves the mountains on the surface of PVB and the surface valleys are filled with dissolved PVB. Through the fumigation process, the mechanical strength tends to decrease, and deformation rate increases. Ethanol vapor permeates into PVB, widening the distance between chains and resulting in weak bonding strength between chains. In order to confirm the effect of fumigation only, an annealing process is performed at 80 ℃ for 1, 5, 10, 30, and 50 minutes and the results of the fumigation are compared.