• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.686-694
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• 2012

This study was conducted to develop a method to change the color of traditional Dongchimi using natural dyes to meet changing consumer demands. It was intended to improve the manufacturing process ability for color Dongchimi, and the best optimum extraction solvent and method from the natural dyes were proven to be confirmed and valid. The extraction process was evaluated using different solvents including distilled water, 20% ethyl alcohol, and 1% citric acid, and the quantity of the extracted anthocyanin was then measured based on the absorbance. The greatest absorbance was observed when 1% citric acid was used. Based on these findings, it would be most efficient to allow the traditional Dongchimi to produce citric acid naturally instead of using artificial additives during its production. Celosia cristata L. was extracted in its largest quantity when reacted with 20% ethyl alcohol. Therefore, instead of applying Celosia cristata L. to Dongchimi as the sub-ingredient during the preparatory stage, it will be more efficient to use Celosia cristata L. as the fractional ingredient in order to first extraction.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.24-33
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• 1987

This study was executed to investigate scanning electron microscopic characteristics of Korean Rhus lacquer coats. With the unrefined coat, distilled water, sodium hydroxide, acetic acid, ethyl alcohol, cold-check test, and accelerated weathering were performed after refining treatment. These treated lacquer coats were discussed through observation by scanning electron microscope and the obtained results were summarized as follows: 1. Compared with unrefined coat, the refined coat of Korean Rhus lacquer showed more even surface with regular distribution of dispression. 2. Korean Rhus lacquer coat heated at $120^{\circ}C$ for 3 hours revealed no observable difference irrespective of refining and unrefining. 3. Korean Rhus lacquer coat treated by distilled water, sodium hydroxide, acetic acid. ethyl alcohol, cold-check test. and ultraviolet radiation showed significant characteristics compared with untreated coat. Especially. large deformation and checkings were observed by cold-check test and ultraviolet radiation respectively. 4. The Korean Rhus lacquer coat radiated by ultraviolet ray showed 0.11 duller and 1.41 brighter than non-radiated coat through color difference calculator.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.312-317
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• 1998

In this study, the effect of 70% ethyl alcohol fraction of Cervus nippon(CN-E) on mouse T-lymphocyte was investigated in vivo. The administration of CN-E(100 mg/kg) enhanced the proliferation of thymocytes, the population of $CD4^+CD8^-$ single-positive cells and the production of $interferon-{\gamma}$ in thymocytes and splenocytes. The administration of CN-E did not induce DNA fragmentation and reduce mitochondrial transmembrane potential in thymocytes. These results indicate that the CN-E contams a stimulative component on the proliferation of thymocytes, the population of $T_H$ cells and the production of $interferon-{\gamma}$ in T-lymphocytes.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.156-161
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• 2011

The present study introduces a novel wet etching technique for nanostructure fabrications which usually requires low surface roughness. Using the current method, acquired profiles were smooth even in the nanoscale, which cannot be easily achieved with conventional wet or dry etching methods. As one of the most popular single crystal silicon etchant, potassium hydroxide (KOH) solution was used as a base solvent and two additives, antimony trioxide (Sb2O3) and ethyl alcohol were employed in. Four experimental parameters, concentrations of KOH, Sb2O3, and ethyl alcohol and temperature were optimized at 60 wt.%, 0.003 wt.%, 10 v/v%, and $23^{\circ}C$, respectively. Effects of additives in KOH solution were investigated on the profiles in both (110) and (111) planes of single crystal silicon wafer. The preliminary results show that additives play a critical role to decrease etch rate significantly down to ~2 nm/min resulting in smooth side wall profiles on (111) plane and enhanced surface roughness.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.23 no.9
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• pp.736-740
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• 2010

Nickel wires of 0.8 mm in diameter and 80 mm in length were electrically exploded in liquid media such as water, ethyl alcohol. The distribution of particle sizes was broad from a few micrometers to tens of nanometer. It was identified that the particles could be classified according to its sizes by using centrifugal separator. The powder prepared in distilled water showed mainly pure metallic Ni phase although a little oxide phase was observed. The powders prepared in ethyl alcohol showed complicated unknown phases, which is attributed to the compound of carbon in the organic liquid. This unknown phase was turned to pure metallic Ni phase after heat treatment.

• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.75-87
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• 2000

This study was conducted to investigate the composition, detection rate, and exposure concentration of the airborne organic solvents from the working environmental measurements of total 4181 different type of workplace in 3280 workshops in which organic solvents are used. The results are as follows : 1. For all workplaces except washing, the detection rate of toluene and benzene were 80% and 20%, respectively. 2. The number of detection of aromatic hydrocarbon and ketone were ranged 1.41-2.39 and 0.62-0.90 per a sample in all workplaces except that showed 1.01 in washing. 3. The mean of detection frequency was $3.3{\pm}2.5$ in all workplaces and there was no significant difference among that of each workplaces. 4. The airborne concentrations of methyl methacrylate, ethyl alcohol, methyl alcohol, and ethyl ether were $43.5{\pm}47.0{\;}ppm,{\;}22.5{\pm}51.0{\;},{\;}19.8{\pm}57.6{\;}ppm,{\;}19.8{\pm}40.14{\;}ppm, respectively. And those of cellosolve, methyl cellosolve acetate, and N,N-dimethyl formamide were $4.1{\pm}4.5$ ppm, $4.0{\pm}18.5{\;}ppm$, and $5.6{\pm}7.7{\;}ppm$, respectively and exceeded the occupational exposure limits enforced by Ministry of Labor in Korea. As the above results, it is suggested that the components of organic solvents should be indentified to efficient management, of working environment and conducted the engineering control for the workplaces using the hazardous materials.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.23-25
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• 1957

The herb of Geranium sibirium L, a drug knwon as "Chui Sonni Poul" distributed widely, has been used as a folk-medicine for the treatment of diarrhea. The dried entire herb is boiled with methanol and methanol is distilled of from the filtered methanol extract under reduced pressure. Then the extract is boiled with water and filtered off. From the filtrate, the following substances are isolated and identified by treating with organic solvents as ether, ethyl acetate, and etc.: 1. Gallic acid: a colorless needle crystal which is soluble in alcohol and water. mp.235.deg. C, positive (dark blue) against the ferric chloride reagent. 0.76 percent of gallic acid is yielded from the herb. 2. Quercetin: a light yellow crystal. mp.194.deg. C. negative against the ferric chloride reagent. 3. Ellagic acid: a light yellow crystal which is insoluble in ehter and acetone and slightly soluble in alcohol. Positive (blue) against the ferric chloride reagent. The crystal obtained by recrystalisation from pyridine, does not melt by 360.deg. C. Represent a yield of 0.03 percent from the herb. 4. Crude tannin: a approximately 7.6 percent of crude tannin is yielded by treating with ethyl acetate. gallic acid and querceetin are yielded by hydrosis with dliute sulfuric acid. Based on the above results, the following suggestion could be recommendable; Geraed in the Japanese Pharmacoeia VI.acoeia VI.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.657-662
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• 2006

Immunological activities of the combined-administration of Acanthopanacis Cortex and Lycii Cortex Radicis were examined in BALB/C mice. The 40% ethyl alcohol extract of Acanthopanacis Corter (AE) or the 40% ethyl alcohol extract of Acanthopanacis Coriex and Lycii Cortex Radicis (ALE) were administered p.o. once a day for 7 days, respectively. AE did not affect the viability of thymocytes, but ALE decreased the viability of thymocytes. ALE enhanced the viability of splenocytes increased by AE. Also, AE enhanced the population of cytotoxic T cell in thymocytes, and ALE enhanced the population of helper T cell compared with AE. Furthermore, AE increased the population of $Thy1^+$ cells in splenocytes, and increased the population of splenic $CD4^+$ cells. In addition, ALE enhanced the phagocytic activity which was decreased by AE ALE decreased the production of nitric oxide increased by AE in peritoneal macrophages. These results suggest that ALE enhance an immune-regulative action of AE.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.10-14
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• 1959

The retinae and the lens bodies of the frogs were hydrolyzed with 20% hydrochloric acid, and their amino acids were separated by paper chromatography. As a result of it the following were confirmed : (1) The retinae and the lens bodies were the same incomposition, and aspartic acid, glutamic acid, serine ,tyrosine, glycine, lysine arginine, threonine, alanine, histidine, proline, methionine, valine , phenylalanine, leucine, and two unknown substances were separated. (2) The free amino acids in the retinae were extracted with 80% ethyl alcohol and then separated by paper chromatography. Though their separation was not so definite , serine, gultaminc acid, and glycine were always separated regardless of the amount of the sample. When the amount of the smaple was enough , $\beta$-alanine , ${\gamma}$-amino butyric acid and methionine +valine were also separated. (2) The free amino acids in the retinae were extracted with 80% ethyl alcohol and then separated by paper chromatography. Though their separation was not so definite, serine, glutamic acid, and glycine were always separated regardless of the amount of the sample . When the amount of the sample was enough, $\beta$-alanine , ${\gamma}$-amino butyric acid and methionine + valine were also separated.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.28 no.12
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• pp.1400-1404
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• 2005

The aim of the present study was to develop the aqueous parenteral formulation containing propofol using o/w microemulsion systems. Propofol itself was chosen as the oil phase and its content was fixed to 1$\%$, w/w. Pseudoternary phase diagrams were constructed to obtain the concentration range of surfactant and cosurfacatnt and the optimum ratio between them for microemulsion formation. Consequently, the suitability of the chosen microemulsion system as a parenteral formulation was evaluated from the stability and hemolysis tests on that. Among the surfactants and cosurfactants screened, the mixture of Solutol HS 15-ethyl alcohol (5/1) showed the largest o/w mocroemulsion region in the phase diagram. When 1 $\%$ (w/w) of propofol was solubilized with 8$\%$ (w/w) of Solutol $HS^{circledR}$??? 15-ethyl alcohol (5/1), the average droplet size (150 nm) and the content of propofol in the systems were not significantly changed at 40$^{circ}C$ for 8 weeks. The hemolysis test showed that this formulation was nontoxic to red blood cells. In conclusion, propofol was successfully solubilized with the o/w microemulsion systems.