• SUVANNABHUMI
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.225-244
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• 2020

Area Studies, by definition, conjure ideas of emplaced knowledge; in-depth interdisciplinary understanding of language, history, culture and politics of a nation or region. Where detractors might see this approach as overly empirical, therefore precluding theoretical sophistication, others argue that "places" are either artificially constructed, or that processes of globalisation have obliterated the cultural zone. But what if we turn an ethnographic eye to those very processes and technologies themselves? Can Area Studies take to the air, and if so, what are the attendant challenges and benefits? Based on insights from ethnography amongst airline customer service workers, ground and cabin crews in Thailand and Myanmar, this research examines the airline cabin as a field for ethnographic study, and as an emplaced site for political and cultural processes. With participant observation-based knowledge of Southeast Asian cabin crews, this paper examines the 1990 hijack of Thai Airways TG 305 from an emplaced cultural perspective.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.642-649
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• 2016

This study examined the meaning of instructional materials by observing the daily work of an infant class in a daycare center to make some suggestions on the accreditation and evaluation of instructional materials for early childhood education and educare. Ethnography was chosen to determine in detail what the instructional materials meant for the selected preschoolers. The activities that belonged to each area of free optional activities and made use of instructional materials were observed, and the eating time, nap time, and outdoor play were all observed. The data were gathered by visiting the selected daycare center. A participant observation and teacher interviews were conducted, and notes were taken on the spot. When their verbal expressions and nonverbal expressions needed to be observed owing to their unique characteristics, a camcorder was used to record their words to have a more profound understanding of them. All the collected data that included this researcher's observation note, the teacher interview data, the standard childcare curriculum manual, the daycare center's yearly, and the daily childcare plans and curriculum evaluation data were classified and categorized by performing an inductive analysis. As a result, the instructional materials had three meanings for the infants. The first was "friends who welcomed them and whom they could play with.' The second was "a cozy nest," and the third was "another teacher." Given the findings of the study, the preparation of standards for instructional materials for infants in childcare facilities is required, and even equipment that is used as instructional materials should be taken into consideration when instructional materials for infants are accredited.

• Archives of design research
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• v.19 no.5 s.67
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• pp.191-202
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• 2006

Recently the market environment surrounding business firms has been remarkably changed due to the increasing variety of consumption value and taste. On account of technological gap becoming narrower among business firms, the most important thing is for the soft value, such as that of emotional and subjective factors, in order for business firms to be able to create such strategic positioning, for which business firms should first look carefully into latent needs and values of the consumers. Since such products possessing those factors are able to supply the consumers with an appropriate value in attractive forms and meanings, new product development for the valuable products initiates a very important strategic action for securing the strategic positioning. The purpose of this paper is to study the strategic position and role of design in new product development strategy. Design has become the momentous competence of an enterprise in the most recent. Design performs its strategic role as a bridge between a business firm and the consumers. Consumers perceive value added by their purchase of products with attractive designs offered by business firms and, then, satisfy their emotional and subjective value with the products. This study, however, reviewed a new angle on the role of design as an implement for discovering consumers' latent needs and values which could be main factors for obtaining the strategic positioning. In other words, this study intended to suggest a new strategic role of design as value suppliers in new product development strategy for firms formulating and implementing their business strategies. For the new angle on the role of design, this study discussed a new approach of design strategy and intended to formulate its system first. And then, it suggested a general idea for strategic design analysis and its methodology, ethnography, as a strategic value creator. Finally, the suitability and usefulness of strategic design analysis for new product development strategy was discussed.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.194-201
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• 2000

The propose of the study is to try to support the practice of caring suitable for our cultural emotion by cognating the meaning of caring related to health which is melted in korean culture. Concrete purposes were as followings; to first, confirm the caring of civilian in Kangwon-do, to secondly search the caring in the traditional culture idea, and to thirdly present the conceptual frame about the caring. The methodology of this research is the ethnography to use the depth interview and the participative observation. The geographical area of this research was in Wichon-ri, Songsan- myon, Study participants were, 6men and 18women, totally 24 persons. Their average age was 72.6 years old. The period of data collection was from January, 1998 to April, 1999, which original data became saturation. Data collection was done after accept allowance of the participants, their stories were recorded in cassettee, by the way of the Spradley analysis was applied and adjusted. The results which was analyized as domain, category and property were as following; First, the category was the life serving other persons, which is the for mind, the benefiting one, the comprehensive one, the respective one, on soon. Second, the category was the controling life, and its property was the moderate mind, that is, vegetables were tried to be fed moderately, pleasantly and comfortable. Thirdly, the category was the eagerness life, and the properties were diligent mind, and mind which accomplished the complete resposibility. Fourth, the category was a happy life, and the properties were positive mind, satisfying one, thankful one, one of their ancestors benefit, and supplicatory one. Fifth, the category was the accepting life, and the properties were the submissive mind, resign one. Sixth, the category was the joint life all together and the properties were the harmonized mind, and the mutual helping one. Seventh, the category was the ruling life, and the properties were the pure mind, the ones which controls the body, the mind, the nature; which could surely confirmed the source of the life that lived with the nature, the native idea of our people. Eighth, the category was the retaining life, and the properties were the inherits the native custom, and the one that keep public morals. According to the result of examining the caring in ethnography, the general caring was performed the conceptual frame about the caring which is related to health was found in the principle of consideration, harmony, compliance, and transcendence.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.92-100
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• 2010

Due to the development of digital appliance, role of TV causes both-way by introducing IPTV, and SNS service causes big change of watching environment and residence environment. There are good conditions on the role of integrated control because it is arranged in the living room which secures movement most effectively and because family members can easily use, and the degree of use is high. Therefore, we infer user's needs by analyzing user scenario and current role of TV in home network environment. Primarily, we collect surveys of development scenario and technology which companies suggest TV applied by home network service, and secondly, we comparatively study scenario which the companies mentioned above suggest through observing user scenario, and study the role of IPTV in the future through actual scenario-based experiment by ethnography. After analyzing user scenario through case study and experiment, there are integrated device studies mainly in company study because it can be made up inside home, security and entertainment. On the other hand, there are patterns of user behavior by scenario experiment mainly in auto-tainment, security, and it showed that it is insufficient for interaction between TV and home media peripheral. Through this paper, we analyze context of home user, and based on this, we could suggest effective use of service development. Also after analyzing user form, we could know it also should be considered of ratio between activity inside home and activity outside home.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.690-705
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• 2000

This ethnography was based on Kleinman's explanatory model of a health care system. It is conducted to make thick discription of illness conception of the elderly in a sociocultural context. The basic assumptions were as follows. 1) A health care system is a cultural system, and as with any other cultural system, it is a system of symbolic meanings anchored in a particular arrangement of social institutions and patterns of interpersonal relationships; 2) In all societies health care activities are more or less interrelated. Therefore, they need to be in a holistic manner as socially organized responses to disease that constitute a special cultural system; health care system; 3) Health and illness experiences are the natural process of disease. Individuals who recognized a for state of health, their family, neighbors, and communities define the state, search for causes of the health problems, and response to it. According by, they proceed to search for healing stratagies. So, understanding of the illness experience is the starting point for health care. The study participants were 12 elders aged 60 or more. The fieldwork was conducted in an agricultural clan village of Namwon city. The data collection and analysis were cyclic, from descriptive observation, domain analysis, focused observation, taxanomic analysis, selected observation, componential analysis, and finally cultural themes were all analysed. Proxemic and text analysis techniques were used according to the characteristics of the data. The data of sociocultural context and descriptive data were collected from 1990 to 1992. Informations on illness concepts were collected during 1994 using focused observation. Data confirming and contrast observations were conducted from 1997 and 1999. Illness concepts of the elderly were taxonomized supernatural cause, non-supernatural cause, immediate cause, and ultimate cause. The supernatural ones were ancestors, god of home, god of village, and ghost such as 'sal(evil force of dead man)' and 'gagqui(ghost of begger)'. The non-supernatural ones were Ki, natural phenomenones, natural objects, foods, human and human behaviors. Immediate ones were insufficiency and overflows, discretion and consolidation, disorder and out of order, cloudness and contamination, and fluctuation and stagnation of supernatural cause and non-supernatural ones. Ultimate causes were intrusion and loss of supernatural and nonsupernatural ones. The cultural themes of illness concepts of the elderly are: 1) illness concepts are not based on causality principle, but on reciprocal principle; 2) illness concepts are affected by social level and charicteristics of the patients; 3) the causes of disease are recognized as imposed both positive and negative effects on health based on interpretation of the indiviuals; 4) illness concepts reflects on principles of everyday life of the society members such as hierachial structure and group cohesiveness; 5) illness concepts are ruled on principle of reciprocity and spread; 6) illness concepts are interrelated with physical environment of the participants. It can be concluded that the illness concepts of the elderly in a traditional clan village are a component of health care system as a cultural system based on these results. The these results can be a useful basis for gerontological nursing practice and education.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.305-322
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• 2006

An increasing number of cities employ rescaling strategies that not only construct metropolitan production network scaled down from national context, but also tune up new governance to effectively control local geographies of the city. In this context, urban redevelopment has emerged a key 'global' strategy to empower governmental institutions of the city, which not only eliminate such threatening spatial variables as deteriorated housing, working-class ghettos, and crime areas, but also increase and extract exchange value of those spaces. I view such practices a process of 'glurbanization'. This paper investigates how state/city government employs the discourse of urban re/development for 'inventing' poverty at an urban scale: how it institutionalizes the discourse for implementing concrete projects: and how urban institutional apparatus appropriate their discursive practices of redevelopment for their own ends in the city. By particularly focusing on the California Redevelopment Law and the Community Redevelopment Agency of the City of Los Angeles, this paper analyzes the ways in which the law and the agency extract value from what they define 'blight areas' by means of eminent domain and tax increment revenues. For empirical analysis I employ discourse analysis and institutional ethnography. I conclusively argue that the urban spaces stigmatized as 'blight areas' are increasingly entrapped by the urban redevelopment agency, which extracts increased exchange value from the areas and redirects it for supporting external investors, private developers, and the body of the agency itself.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.143-152
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• 2021

The extremely isolated uninhabited island at the end of the West Sea in South Korea called "The Gyeokryeolbi Yeoldo" has recently begun to be managed by the government under the influence of public opinion demanding the island to be strictly protected. The island was created 70 million years ago by volcanic activities. So it is older than the birth history of Jeju Island, which is estimated to have been born about a million years ago. This study has focused on providing the basis for imagetelling and storytelling of the Gyeokryeolbi Yeoldo, known for its important value by exploring the cultural resources of the island. For the research, the ethnography including in-depth local interview and on-site investigation have been applied for 3 years from February 2018 to December 2020 in Taean, Chungnam Province, where the island is located. To analyze the cultural resources of this island, the resource classification model has been designed and used, which is modified from Valentine (2001) and Chi-ho Nam (2007). As a result, the "tangible cultural resources (TCR)" including various remains found on the island were mainly symbols of cultural bridge in the history of Korea-China exchange, and the spiritual land of life-saving. Also "intangible cultural resources (ICR)" extracted from the island were focused on the images of life protection, safety, bravery, and romance. Based on this study, the core concept of identity to be applied when refurbishing the island with a prominent cultural placeness( "sense of place") can be proposed as "a cultural ecological island centered on the Circular Yellow Sea that ruminates memories of love."

• 한국노년학
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.1005-1020
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• 2010

This study was conducted to explore and understand the meaning of stigma of families having old people admitted to nursing home within the Korean culture. Data collection was performed through in-depth interviews and participant observations which were recorded and transcribed verbatim with the consent of the participants. The key informants were 12 people having the aged family member in nursing home. The data was collected from October 2008 to February 2009 until completed. Data were analyzed utilizing the taxonomic analysis method developed by Spradley. As a result, 24 themes, 8 categories and 4 cultural domains are founded from the cases. The cultural domains resulted from the analysis are: 『Incompetence of Oneself: 'Adaptation to Inevitable Realities', 'Difficulty of Economic Independence', 'Difficulty of the Subjective Self-assertion'』, 『Contradictoriness of Decision Making: 'Decision Making Different from Own Mind', 'Conflicts between Neighboring'』, 『Self-rationalization of Decision Making: 'Self-comfort of Decision Making'』, 『Shifting Responsibility: 'Services Different from that of Family', 'Laking in Sincerity of Responsible Institution'』. Theoretical model about stigma of the family having old people admitted to nursing home by the research result in the above was able to be confirmed that it was expressed with the original form of thought of recursive system which continuously showing the inconsistency of decision making, rationalizing decision making, and shifting one's own responsibility in the process of accomplishing the duty of supporting old people. Based on the results, I discussed the meaning of stigma of families having old people admitted to nursing home and provided recommendations for future research.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.273-299
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• 2024

This is a qualitative research study in which three families focused on scientific culture and conducted the process of forming a family fandom using ethnography. The ultimate goal of science education is the "cultivation of scientifically literate persons.", The researcher examines families who regularly participate in informal science educational programs, such as those offered by the National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea, to understand the cultural ans sociological significance of these activities as part of their daily routines. This study analyzes and summarizes the experiences of three families in different home environments as to the completion of the family fandom through the process of self-sustaining cultural practice formation through family education activities, and science activities. This study found that the process tword completion is more meaningful than the completion itself, in the context of science, culture, family and fandom. The findings of this study are as follows: 1) The process of forming a family fandom began with the individual purpose of each family member. 2) The process of fandom formation was created in an organic relationship through the interaction between parents and children, and the self-sustaining cultural practice strengthened the bond and expanded the consensus on scientific culture. 3) Parents and children together share scientific culture, and unique culture in the form of sharing in their own cultural life as becoming scientifically literate people. The self-sustaining cultural practice of selecting and enjoying these scientific activities is not simple consumption of popular culture, but the role of parents as cultural designers. This has conducted experiential consumption as "refined (or sophisticated) cultural consumers," and family leisure activities as meaning production of family members so it has social and cultural implications that can be developed into a scientific culture.