• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.713-725
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• 1993

This paper presents methodological paradigms : quantitative positivistic (logical empiricism) as the received tradition in the scientific inquiry and qualitative naturalistic (post -positivism or nataralism) as a new paradigm in the Kuhnian sense. Various kind of qualitative methods under the umbrella term, qualitative inquiry, were briefly introduced. Details on the definition, epistemology, naming of subject, field technique (participant observation and ethnographic interview) of ethnographic research method as an adequate method for studying on the unique nursing phenomena in Korean culture were done. Besides, the concept of triangulation, issues on the methododogical paradigm, a criteria for rigor of qualitative naturalistic inquiry were mentioned.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.105-121
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• 2002

This ethnographic study investigated aspects of negative social power in 4-year-old children and characteristics of the children who use it. The negative use of social power included taking the possessions of peers without permission, ignoring classroom rules, controlling, rejecting, and threatening others. Most children who abused social power behaved as controllers and were popular children or had a following within the group. They were physically superior to peers, of competitive disposition, and had a well-developed capacity for verbal expression; they were self-centered and had a high level of cognitive ability. Further areas for ethnographic research into the nature of the negative use of social power in young children include training in perspective taking, age differences, and factors that contribute to the development of negative social power in young children.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.109-134
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• 2003

Playing online games is popular among adolescents and may contribute to such social issues as game addiction and cyber-delinquency. The present study conducted an ethnographic analysis that addressed basic descriptive questions around the social significance of online games. The main findings were that peer pressure plays an important role; that is, adolescents play the games to fulfill their need to occupy higher levels of cyber-status among game players and build special relationships. They like to make money and buy what they want with money earned from game item deals. Game scenarios and mechanisms play an important role in game addiction. Adolescents sometimes exhibit social delinquency in cyberspace or the real world. Thus, adolescents' needs, game addiction and cyber-delinquency are intertwined.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.31
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• pp.75-87
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to investigate the experiential aspects of consumer in the ap-parel buying process especially the affective aspects. An ethnographic approach is a kind of qualitative analysis or naturalistic inquiry be-ing adopted by studies of anthnopology and consumer behavior,. Data were collected via doing participant observation interview field notes and recording for three months from fe-male students of universities in Pusan. Results were as following: First consumers experienced the various kinds of affection in the apparel buying pro-cess such as satisfaction pleasure/refresh-ment interest/attraction pride conspicous-ness impulse neglect prostration anxiety ir-ritation and dispiritedness. Second especially they were felt satis-faction and conspicousness by the atmosphere of store pleasure by the smell of store and impulse by nostalgia in apparel buying process. Also negative affections felt in the process such as neglect prostration anxiety and irri-taton had a great influence to apparel buying behavior. This study was to serve as a pilot study we wished to fortify the methodology of qualitat-ive analysis to identify themes and to de-velop hypothesis for further study.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.209-229
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• 2005

This study investigated kindergarten teachers'experience and perception of the practice of mainstreaming for young children with disabilities. Ethnographic research methodology included participant observation and in-depth interviews. Participants were 8 teachers of classrooms mainstreaming young children with disabilities. Results were that: most mainstreaming classroom teachers perceived the necessity of the practice of mainstreaming for young children with disabilities in the kindergarten. They felt the necessity of whole mainstreaming in the kindergarten. Most mainstreaming classroom teachers recognized that mainstreaming classroom teachers need to have professional knowledge for the successful practice of mainstreaming young children with disabilities in kindergarten.

• The Mathematical Education
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.173-187
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• 2002

The purpose of this study through ethnographic inquiry is to describe how an elementary teacher teaches mathematics with understanding. The ways that teachers'beliefs affect instructional activities, what means understanding from the view of cognitive psychology, and ethnographic research tradition were reviewed to anchor theoretical background of this study. A third-grade teacher and his 45 students were selected in order to capture vivid and thick descriptions of the teaching and learning activities of mathematics. Three major sources of data, that is, participant-observation with video taping, formal and informal interviews with the teacher and his students, and a variety of official documents were collected. These data were analyzed through two phases: data analysis in the field and after the fieldwork. According to data analysis, ‘teaching mathematics with understanding’ was identified as the teachers central belief of teaching mathematics. In order to implement his belief in teaching practices, the teacher made use of three strategies: ⑴ valuing individual student's own way of understanding, ⑵ bring students' everyday experiences into mathematics classroom, and ⑶ lesson objectivies stated by students. It is suggested for future research that concrete and specific norms of mathematics classroom for the improvement of mathematics understanding are needed to be identified and that experienced and skillful teachers' practical knowledge should be incorporated with theories of teaching mathematics and necessarily paid more attention by mathematics educators.

• Research in Mathematical Education
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.39-51
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• 2002

This study described an elementary teacher's practical knowledge of selecting and using mathematical tasks for promoting students' understanding and discourse. The informant of this ethnographic inquiry was a third grade teacher and has 10 years of teaching experience. According to the analysis of multiple data sources, this study showed that based on his beliefs about the development of understanding of mathematics and discourse, he continually employed two different types of tasks: open-ended tasks and tasks from students' mistakes and comments during discourse. Teachers' practical knowledge of teaching mathematics and the classroom norms for students' understanding and discourse are suggested to be given attention for further research on this area.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.35-46
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• 1999

The most of elementary school science textbook contents are composed of observation and experiment activities. When students study natural phenomena, observation and experiment are st rongly emphasized to improve understanding of scientific concepts and inquiry abilities. The purpose of this study is deep understanding about experimental science classes. This ethnographic study is conducted by observations of experimental science classes in natural setting and interviews of teachers, students of the 5th grade. The conclusions of this study are as follows: First, the general process of the elementary science experimental classes is 'identifying learning purposes -1 planning experiments -1 predicting the results -1 experimenting-t summarizing the results.' The experiments are conducted by group activities and the teachers conceived that the me st difficult step considered by students is 'planning experiments'. Second, students like hands-on activities, but they feel difficulty on less guided experiments. Students perform results oriented-activities. Third, in group activities, students prefer to work with the same gender or collaborative peers.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.34
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• pp.33-55
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to investigate about exploring diversity of methodology in security research focused on the current status and applications of qualitative inquiry. Expenses to take advantage of a variety of qualitative research techniques in the field is divided, and explore the possibility of applying the security research. Expenses compared to quantitative research, qualitative research on the utilization is very low, and to perform a qualitative study in-depth interviews focused on morphological aspects of research and a paucity of practical deep and lacks specificity. Expense of qualitative research in various fields is presented challenges to Creswell(1998, 2007, 2013) proposed five kinds of qualitative research types narrative research, phenomenological research, grounded theory research, ethnographic research, case study research, look for it in the security field. Expenses theorize that it may lead to practical changes in the security field, causing an in-depth exploration of the changes in the escort industry. Expense opportunity to identify the social and cultural values in security field and security research. Varied and in-depth qualitative research through field and industry and the complementary role of security.