• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.573-586
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• 2010

제충국 수집 5계통의 특성 및 추출 부위와 방법에 따른 살충효과 검정을 점박이응애, 벼멸구, 목화진딧물에 시험한 결과는 다음과 같다. 제충국 수집계통 중 0706 계통만 소화성의 폼폰 타입이고 나머지는 모두 아네모네 타입이었으며, 4월 하순부터 7월 초순 까지 개화하였으나, 0721은 개화기간이 11월 하순까지 지속되었다. 수집계통에서 0706을 제외한 모든 계통이 국내 겨울철 월동이 가능하였으며, 0718과 0721 계통은 장마철 고온기에 습해 피해가 높았다. 제충국 계통의 꽃을 에탄올로 추출한 0718계통이 점박이응애에 대해 5일째에 63.8%의 높은 살비율을 나타내었다. 에탄올에 유화제를 혼합하면 에탄올 단독으로 살포한 것 보다는 5일째에 살비율이 더 높아져 69.4%의 살비율을 나타내었다. 물로 추출하면 에탄올이나 에탄올+유화제 추출보다 효과가 떨어져 낮은 살비율을 나타내었다. 제충국 잎을 용매별로 추출하였을때 꽃 추출물보다 살비율이 낮았다. 제충국 꽃에 대한 벼멸구의 살충율은 에탄올에 유화제를 첨가하면 5일째에 65.4%의 비교적 높은 살충율을 나타내었다. 제충국 꽃에 대한 목화진딧물의 방제효과는 초기에는 어느 정도 유지되었으나 진딧물의 산자수가 증가하는 특성으로 인해 시간이 경과할수록 살충율은 하락하였다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제22권8호
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• pp.1052-1056
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• 2012

미역(Undaria pinnatifada)은 낮은 칼로리 및 요오드의 원료로써 천연체중조절식품으로 알려져 있다. 미역이 체중조절식품으로 알려져 있음에도 불구하고, 지방세포 분화 및 지방축적에 관한 저해 기작은 연구가 미비하다. 본 연구에서는 3T3-L1에서 지방세포로 분화가 일어나는 단계에서 미역에탄올추출물의 효과 및 기작을 확인하였다. 미역에탄올추출물의 독성과 지방축적저해효과는 MTT assay, Oil red O staining, RT-PCR과 western blot으로 분석하였다. 미역에탄올추출물은 50 ${\mu}g/ml$의 농도에서 독성을 띄지 않았다. 3T3-L1의 분화 및 지방세포에서 triglyceride축적과정동안 50 ${\mu}g/ml$의 미역에탄올추출물을 처리하였으며, 미역에탄올추출물은 지방세포에서 triglyceride의 축적을 40% 감소시켰다. 지방세포 특이적 단백질인 Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor ${\gamma}$ ($PPAR{\gamma}$), leptin과 Hormone sensitive lipase (HSL)의 발현은 RT-PCR과 western blot으로 확인하였다. $PPAR{\gamma}$의 과발현은 지방세포의 분화를 촉진시킨다. 또한 지방세포 크기의 증가와 세포 내 triglyceride의 함량에 따라 leptin은 세포 외로 분비된다. 그러므로 $PPAR{\gamma}$와 leptin은 비만의 지표로 사용된다. 첨가한 미역에탄올추출물의 농도가 높아질수록 $PPAR{\gamma}$와 leptin의 발현이 억제되었다. 이상의 결과를 통하여, 미역의 에탄올 추출물은 지방전구세포의 분화를 억제시키며, 지방세포 내 triglyceride의 축적을 저해하는 것으로 판단된다.

• 농약과학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.10-15
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• 2010

국내서식 물벼룩종을 이용한 표준생태독성시험법 개발을 위한 기초연구로서 4종의 한국산 물벼룩 Daphnia sp., Daphnia obtusa, Moina macrocopa, Simocephalus vetulus과 국제표준종 Daphnia magna대한 10종 유기용매에 대한 급성독성을 조사하여 독성이 낮으면서도 농약의 용해도가 좋은 유기용매를 시험에 사용하도록 제안하고자 하였다. 한국산 물벼룩에 대해 급성독성이 가장 강한 유기용매는 ethyl acetate로 조사되었으며 DMF, dioxane, isopropanol 3종은 무영향 농도가 EPA에서 급성독성시험에 추천하는 최고 사용농도인 0.5 ml/L 이하로 조사되어 다른 유기용매에 비해 독성이 강하였다. 따라서 독성이 낮으면서 수용해도가 높고 농약원제의 용해성이 좋은 acetone, methanol, ethanol, acetonitrile을 권장 시험용매로 제안한다.

• 대한예방한의학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.27-35
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• 2008

Purpose : The experiments was undertaken to evaluate the effects of Ojeoksan-herbal medicine, in rats' fetus Methods : Female Sprague-Dawley rats were orally administered with the Ojeoksan at dose of 5mg/kg/day for 20 days. Pregnant rats were sacrificed at 20th day of gestation, and observed internal and reproductive organs. Approximately live fetuses in the 20th day of gestation were randomly selected and fixed in 95% ethanol. Results : Neonatal body weight and number of fetus of Ojeoksan group were increased to that of control group. The fetuses of dams treated with Ojeoksan didn't showed external malformation. Vertebral and sternal skeletal variations were observed in Ojeoksan administered group, but compared to the control, those skeletal variations were insignificant. There were no significant changes in number of ribs, cervical, thoracic, lumber, sacral and caudal Conclusion : From these results, it can be concluded that Ojeoksan showed no toxicity effects on number of live fetuses. There were no significant changes in skeletal variations were showed in vertebrate and sternum, Ojeoksan weren't shown significant changes in bone malformation. We need more precise study to investigate the mechanism of early or late resorption by the herbal medicines such as Ojeoksan.

• 대한예방한의학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.37-47
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• 2011

Objectives : Previous studies have shown that Fructus mume (FM) has anti-platelet effects. The present study was performed to determine the acute oral toxicity and quality control of a crude extract of FM in ICR mice. Methods : We investigated the in vivo single dose acute toxicity of FM 95% ethanol extract. This test was orally administered once by gavage to 20 male and 20 female mice at dose levels of 0 (control group), 1250, 2500 and 5000mg/kg body weight, respectively. Mortalities, clinical findings, autopsy findings and body weight changes were monitored daily for the 14 days following the administration. HPLC analysis was performed for the simultaneous determination of ursolic acid and p-hydroxycinnamic acid in FM. Reverse-phase chromatography using a C18 column and photodiode array detection at 211 nm was used for quantification of the two maker components. The mobile phase for gradient elution consists of water and acetonitrile. Results : We observed survival rates, general toxicity, change of body weight, and autopsy. The mice did not die after single oral administration of maximum dose of FM. Autopsy of animal revealed no abnormal gross finding. Therefore, $LD_{50}$ value of FM for ICR mice was more than 5000mg/kg on oral route. The HPLC analysis showed that ursolic acid and p-hydroxycinnamic acid amounts to 9.75- and 0.12% in the extract with the retention times of 47.99- and 15.38 minutes, respectively. Conclusions : These results suggest that no toxic dose level of FM in mice is considered to be more than 5000mg/kg. Consequently, it was concluded that FM have no effect on acute toxicity and side effect in ICR mice. For the quality control of FM extract, simultaneous determination of ursolic acid and p-hydroxycinnamic acid was established.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.3569-3573
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• 2013

Aim: Pendulous monkshood root is traditionally used for the treatment of several inflammatory pathologies such as rheumatisms, wounds, pain and tumors in China. In this study, the anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities and the mechanism of crude ethanol extract of pendulous monkshood root (EPMR) were evaluated and investigated in vitro. Materials and Methods: The cytotoxic effects of EPMR on different tumor cell lines were determined by the MTT method. Cell apoptosis and cell nucleus morphology were assessed by Hoechst 33258 staining. Moreover, nitric oxide (NO) levels and intracellular oxidative stress in peritoneal macrophages were determined to further elucidate mechanisms of action. Results: The data showed that EPMR could produce significant dose-dependent toxicity on three kinds of tumor cells. Furthermore, EPMR displayed obvious anti-inflammatory effects on LPS-induced mouse peritoneal macrophages at the dosage of 4 - 200 ${\mu}g/mL$. The results demonstrated the therapeutic potential of Pendulous Monkshood Root on cancer and inflammatory diseases. Conclusion: Our results indicate that EPMR has anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties, suggesting that pendulous monkshood root may be a useful anti-tumor and anti-inflammatory reagent in the clinic.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.133-140
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• 2005

Objectives : We have been used many herbal medicines after processing to improve the effect, decrease toxicity and side-effect, and change property. We have studied the physico-chemical change and HPLC pattern of Morindae Radix by means of processing method. Methods : This study was investigated the contents of loss on drying, residue on ignition, residue on acid insoluble ignition, 50% ethanol extract and HPLC pattern of Morindae Radix(Morinda officinalis How.) by processed and non-processed. We have conducted Morindae Radix and Damnacanthi Radix which is circulated in herbal medicine market by forgery. Processed Morindae Radix was prepared by heating of added to salt(SP), liquor(LP) and Glycyrrhizae Radix solution(GP) for 20-40 minutes. Results and Conclusions : From this analysis, we found that the content of 50% ethanol extract was increased by processing method. And we were detected distinguishable marker of processed and non-processed from Morindae Radix(Morinda officinalis How.) by HPLC pattern analysis.

• 약학회지
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• 제53권5호
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• pp.250-258
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• 2009

Male reproductive function seems to have deteriorated considerably in the past 4 to 5 decades. It was observed a significant decline in mean sperm counts from $113{\times}10^6/ml$ in 1940 to $66{\times}10^6/ml$ in 1990; a fall of $0.94{\times}10^6/ml/year$. We reported that Yacon tuber extracts have spermatogenic effects in rat. In the present study, we tested the spermatogenic effect of Yacon tuber extracts in healthy male volunteers. Subjects were assigned randomly to the control group and the Yacon ethanol extracts administered group (each 12 subjects). And, placebo or Yacon tuber extracts (100 ml) were administered two times daily, by oral for 3 months. Sperm numbers, biochemical parameters and hormone levels were recorded before starting administration, then every month. The Yacon tuber extracts administered group showed significant time dependant increases in according to administration period. Especially, the numbers of sperm increased by 54% after 3 months of administration. And, in Yacon tuber extracts administered group, testosterone and estradiol level were significantly higher than placebo group. On the other hands, Yacon tuber extracts didn't show any toxicity in glucose and lipid metabolism and liver and kidney function. The results of the present study suggest that Yacon tuber extract is a possible therapeutic for the treatment of sperm deficiency.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.173-180
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• 2001

This study was conducted to investigate the antitoxic component in ethanol extract of Saururus chinesis (S. chinesis). The results were as follows: Generally, detoxication effects by s. chinesis extract increased in proportion to the extract concentration. non 8 $\mu\textrm{g}$/g dosage of S. chinesis extract was administered, it showed the highest antitoxic effects in metallothionein induction. After the extract treatment, body weights generally increased In proportion to the extract concentrations. from the above results, S. chinesis extract Increased Metallothionein concentration and decreased the toxicity of cadmium In rats. In vitro the antitoxic activity of ethanol extract of S. chinesis on NIH3T3 fibroblasts was evaluated by the MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide) and SRB (sulforhodamine B protein) assays. The light microscopic study was carried out to observe morphological changes of the treeated cells. $10^{-2}$mg/ml Concentrations of S. chinesis extract was shown significant antitoxic activity. The number of NIH 3T3 fibroblasts were increased and tend to regenerate. These result suggest that S. chinesis extract retains a potential antitoxic activity.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.558-562
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• 1988

우리나라에서 오랫동안 식용(食用)하여 온 고사리에 대하여 Salmonella typhimurium을 이용한 Ames test에 의하여 돌연변이 유발성(誘發性)을 조사하였다. 그 결과 생(生)고사리의 증류수 추출물은 낮은 농도에서 TA 1538 균주(菌株)에 대하여 역돌연변이(逆突然變異)를 일으켰으며 높은 농도에서는 독성(毒性)을 강하게 나타냈다. 그러나 $S_9$ mix 첨가시 모든 시험균주에 대하여 돌연변이를 유발시키지 않았고 독성도 나타내지 않았다. 조리(調理)한 고사리의 경우 증류수 추출물의 양은 생고사리의 1/10로 감소하였고 돌연변이 유발능도 검출되지 않았다. 고사리의 70% 에탄올 추출물은 어느 경우에나 돌연변이 유발능을 나타내지 않았다.