• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Environmental Toocicology Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.164-164
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• 2002

에스트로젠을 처리한 송사리의 간으로부터 choriogenin vitellogenin estrogen receptor의 발현량을 전사수준에서 Real-time을 사용하여 정량.비교하였다. 시험어종으로는 부화 후 5개월 이상된 성숙한 수컷 송사리(Oryzias latipes)를(체중 약 250mg/마리)를 사용하여 17$\beta$-estradiol(25ppt, 50ppt, 100ppt)에 24시간 노출시켰다. Fluorescence dye는 choriogenin vitellogenin estrogen receptor의 경우 FAM (6-carboxyfluorescein)을 사용하였으며, $\beta$-actin의 경우는 VIC를 사용하였다. 프로브에 사용하는 quencher dye는 TAMRA(6-carboxy-N',N',N',N'-tetramethyl rhodamine)을 사용하였다. Internal control로 사용된 $\beta$-actin은 17$\beta$-estradiol의 농도에 상관 없이 0~10pM 범위에서 일정하게 발현됨을 보여주었다. vitellogenin choriogenin L 및 choriogenin H는 17$\beta$-estradiol의 농도에 의존하여 발현이 증가되는 용량-반응양상(Dose-dependent)을 나타내었다. 반면, estrogen receptor는 모든 처리군에서 $10^{-2}$pM 정도로 발혐됨에 따라 본 시험농도의 17$\beta$-estradiol에 의해서는 거의 유도발현이 되지 않음을 보여주었다. choriogenin L, choriogenin H, vitellogenin I 및 estrogen receptor 발현감수성을 비교한 결과, 25ppt 및 50ppt의 17$\beta$-esoadiol 농도에서는 ChgL > ChgH > VTG I >ER의 순으로 감수성이 높았으며, 100ppt 노출에서는 ChgL > VTG I > Chg H > ER의 순으로 감수성이 높게 나타났다. 결론적으로 choriogenin이 에스트로젠물질에 의한 가장 민감한 생체지표임을 알 수 있었다.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.231-237
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• 1992

The effects to the corticosteroid dexamethasone(DEX) and(or) estradiol-benzoate(E-B) treated to induction of parturition and birth weights of the young was conducted in 48 pregnant Korean native goats. The animals were divided into 4 goats per each treatment by the time(142, 145 and 148 day of pregnancy) and dosage(DEX 15, 20mg, DEX 8mg＋E-B 10mg and DEX 13mg＋E-B 7.5mg per goat). The results obtained were summarized as follows: 1 The time for induction of parturtion after DEX(15, 20mg) treatment on day 148 of pregnancy was significantly(P<0.01) shorter than 142 and 145 days. There was no significant difference each dosage of DEX on same day of pregnancy. 2. The addition of E-B to DEX treatment compared with DEX alone group at day 142 and 145 of pregnancy were significantly(P<0.01) shorter the time for induction of parturition. However, treatment with DEX along or with E-B on 148 day of pregnancy did not affect the time to induction(about 27 hrs) of parturition between each treatment. 3. The birth weight of kids after parturition was heaviest(P<0.01) on day 148 of pregnancy. However, development and vigor of kids were not significant different between DEX alone treatment and with E-B.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.49-52
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• 1968

The influence of estradiol on the radioactive calcium metabolism in blood, bone and young of lactating rats has been studied. Estrogen, in an amount estimated to equal that secreted in late pregnancy, was injected daily into lactating rats for 4 days along with $^{45}Ca$. On the 5th day, radioactivity of blood serum, bone, and young was compared to a similar group of lactating rats not treated with estrogen. Average gain in weight of the litters of the 2 groups was similar. However, radioactivity in serum and bones of treated with estradiol was significantly higher than in the controls. The radioactivity in litters of the 2 groups was similar. Estrogen plays a role in the retention of calcium in the animal body.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.251-259
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• 2016

Background: Estrogen signaling pathways are modulated by exogenous factors. Panax ginseng exerts multiple activities in biological systems and is classified as an adaptogen. Zearalenol is a potent mycoestrogen that may be present in herbs and crops arising from contamination or endophytic association. The goal of this study was to investigate the impact of P. ginseng, zearalenol and estradiol in tests on spermatozoal function. Methods: The affinity of these compounds for estrogen receptor (ER)-alpha and beta ($ER{\alpha}$ and $ER{\beta}$)-was assessed in receptor binding assays. Functional tests on boar spermatozoa motility, movement and kinematic parameters were conducted using a computer-assisted sperm analyzer. Tests for capacitation, acrosome reaction (AR), and chromatin decondensation in spermatozoa were performed using microscopic analysis. Results: Zearalenol-but not estradiol ($E_2$)- or ginseng-treated spermatozoa-decreased the percentage of overall, progressive, and rapid motile cells. Zearalenol also decreased spontaneous AR and increased chromatin decondensation. Ginseng decreased chromatin decondensation in response to calcium ionophore and decreased AR in response to progesterone ($P_4$) and ionophore. Conclusion: Zearalenol has adverse effects on sperm motility and function by targeting multiple signaling cascades, including $P_4$, $E_2$, and calcium pathways. Ginseng protects against chromatin damage and thus may be beneficial to reproductive fitness.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.25-42
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• 2014

Objectives: To observe the effects of Herb medication on Polycystic Ovary (PCO) in rats. Methods: Riss (Research Information Sharing Service) was searched for Oriental medicine about PCO on 2000~2014. So, Experimental studies using PCO model induced by Estradiol Valerate (EV) was selected to analyze how effects they were. Consequently, 10 studies published on 2000~2014 were selected to analyze about weight of model and both ovaries, the number aries, the number of follicle and corpus of follicle and corpus luteum, the level of serum Androstenedione (ADD) and total estrogen, the level of Nerve Growth Factor (NGF) and Corticotropin Releasing Factor (CRF), the crossover rate and the number of implantation. Results: Among them, there was significantly difference between treatment group and control group in weight of both ovaries, the number of follicle and corpora lutea, the crossover rate and the number of implantation. Conclusions: The effects of Herb medication was observed on making weight of ovaries with PCO to promote. The study about effect of Herb medication on NGF and CRF with PCOS had to be conducted. The further research have to focus on treatment of subfertility and infertility, that is field showing the advantage of Oriental medicine.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.119-126
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• 1987

Exponential rise rate(ERR) of serum estradiol concentrations during active follicular phase was calculated for 49 ovulation induction cycles by human menopausal gonadotropin to know the ovulation induction outcome according to ERR classified into 3 groups with low, moderate and high ERR values(Group I${\leqq}$0.3, 0.3${\leqq}$0.6，Group III>0.6). The results were summarised as follows : 1. No significant difference in the dosage of human menopausal gonadotropin was identified in each group. 2. The mean serum estradiol concentration at the day of human chorionic gonadotropin injection in Group II and Group ill was significantly higher than that in Group I . 3. The mean diameter of leading follicles at the day of human chorionic gonadotropin injection showed no significant difference in each group. 4. No significant difference in the ovulation rate was observed in relation to ERR. How ever, 20% and 20.8% of pregnancy rate in Group I and Group II were achieved while no pregnancy was occurred in Group III. 5. The ovarian hyperstimulation frequency was significantly higher in Group ill that in Group I and Group II. In conclusion, the study suggests that exponential rise rate of serum estradiol is a useful tool in HMG ovulation induction by preventing ovarian hyperstimulation without reducing pregnancy success rate.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.233-242
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to investigated the possibility of Meles meles as an edible functional resource. To assess the effects of Meles meles fermented liquid(ML) with medicinal plants in postmenopausal women, the menopause symptoms, hematological and serum chemical variables and bone health indices were examined. Twenty five postmenopausal women participated in the study. As a result, in postmenopausal women, ML supplements were effective in reducing the incidence of menopause symptoms, such as insomnia(44.0%), sensitivity(40.0%), headache(34.0%), hot flush and decreased vaginal lubrication(20.0%) after 12 weeks. Also serum estradiol and calcitonin and calcium levels were 23.27 pg/mL, 14.88 pg/mL and 8.86 mg/dL before the ML intake. Levels were significantly increased of estradiol and calcitonin and calcium after ML intake during 12 weeks to 30.36 pg/mL, 21.61 pg/mL and 10.01 mg/dL. Osteocalcin and bone alkaline phosphatase activity were 14.36 ng/mL, 21.55 U/L before the ML intake, but according to ML intake, the levels were significantly decreased. In conclusion, ML play benefical roles in the prevention of bone loss and menopause symptoms. Howere current data are not sufficient to determine the effective doses for benefical effect as well as harmful effect and support dietary recommendation level for ML. Therefore, our results should be viewed with caution. But Meles meles fermented liquid with medicinal plants can be used as possible food resources and functional food materials, more studies are needed to identify the proper mechanism of ML.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.363-371
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• 1997

The present study was carried out to investigate the effect of gonadotropin administration on blood ovarian steroid hormone in angora rabbit. Mature angora rabbits were primed for superovulation with PMSG 100IU. Eighty hours later, the rabbit were induced to ovulate with HCG 100IU. In exp 1, blood progesterone and estradiol of superovulated does were measured by radiommunoassay. Blood progesterone concentration at 93, 99, 102 and 114 hours after HCG injection were 12.9$\pm$0.5, 34.8$\pm$5.1, 12.2$\pm$2.7 and 43.4$\pm$5.8ng/ml, respectively. Mean progesterone concentration of blood collected at 99 and 114 hours after HCG injection(p<0.05). However, mean blood estradiol concentration was not changed. In exp 2, superovulated does were unilaterally ovariectomized at 96 hours after HCG injection. Blood progesterone concentration was tend to be decreased after ovariectomy. Nosignificant changes in blood estradiol concentration was observed after ovariectomy. In exp 3, superovulated does were bilaterally ovariectomized at 96 hours after HCG injection Ovariectomized does were treated with progesterone. Blood progesterone level in the rabbits treated, twice daily, with 5mg progesterone after ovariectomy was similiar to that in the superovulated intact rabbits. Blood estradiol concentration of the rabbits after bilateral ovariectomy was beyond detection range. Blood progesterone concentration was significantly decreased to 7.6$\pm$3.0ng/ml wi thin 3 hours after ovriectomy(p<0.05). However, that value was increased to 34.8$\pm$8.2ng/ml by 5 mg progesterone treatment and this elevated level was significatnly decreased to 7.3$\pm$2.4ng/ml at 12 hours after progesterone administration(p<0.05).

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.04a
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• pp.88-92
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• 2005

Aptamer is the single-stranded oligonucleotide which binds to various target molecules such as proteins, peptides, lipids and small organic molecules with high affinity and specificity. DNA aptamers specific for the $17{\beta}-estradiol$ were selected by SELEX (Systematic Evolution of Ligands by EXponential enrichment) process from a random DNA library. These DNA aptamers have a high affinity to $17{\beta}-estradiol$ as an endocrine disrupting chemical. Nanowell and $200{\mu}m$ gold electrode were used as substrate for DNA aptamer immobilization and electrochemical analysis. Especially, nanowell gold electrode was fabricated by e-beam lithography. The size of single nanowell is 130nm and 40,000 nanowells were deposited on one gold electrode. The immobilization method was based on the interaction between the biotinylated aptamer and streptavidin deposited on gold electrode previously. Immobilization procedure was optimized by surface plasma resonance (SPR) and electrochemical analysis. After the immobilization of DNA aptamer on streptavidin modified gold electrode, $17{\beta}-estradiol$ solution was treated on aptamer immobilized gold electrode. The current of gold electrode was decreased by the binding of $17{\beta}-estradiol$ to DNA aptamer immobilized on gold electrode. However, in negative control experiments of 1-aminoanthraquinone and 2-methoxynaphthalene, the current was rarely decreased. And more sensitive data was obtained from nanowell gold electrode comparing with $200{\mu}m$ gold electrode.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.40-48
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• 1989

Guppy fry were treated for the first 40 days of life with 0, 20, 40, 60 & 100$\mu\textrm{g}$ of estradiol per gram of food in order to change the sex of normal males to functional females(genetic male). The present investigation deals with the effects of steroid hormones, such as $\beta$-estradiol and testosterone, on the sex differentiation in guppy and tilapia. The results obtained were summarized as follows. 1. In B (20$\mu\textrm{g}$/g diet) group 17$\beta$-estradiol-treated, 67.8% of male offsprings were produced. 2. In D (60$\mu\textrm{g}$/g diet) group 17$\beta$-treated, 67% of female offsprings were produced. 3. B, D groups of genetic male brooders had significantly different effects (P<0.01) upon sex ratios of their progeny. 4. This strongly indicates that sex direction has been achieved and that the male is the heterogametic sex. 5. The group that produced the highest percentage of male offspring(male percentage of observed number to expected number was 91%) contained only full-sibling male brooders to the sex-reversed female brooders. 6. After 7 months following treatment, the sex-reversed males had ovarian portion in the anterior region and a testicular portion in the posterior region of the same intersexual gonad, respectively. 7. At 7 months after treatment, the ovareis revealed a complete arrest of the ovarian formation, and appearances of spermatogenetic cell cysts among surviving auxocytes. 8. In most of sex-reversed fish, anterior portion of test is was devoid of sperm ducts including the seminal vesicle and vas deferens. 9. The male transferrin showed two strong bands, while the female transferrin showed a single weak band. 10. One of the two bands of male transferrin showed the same mobility with band of female transferrin.