• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.257-265
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• 2016

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Ulmi Pumilae cortex extracts on acute reflux esophagitis rats induced by pylorus and forestomach ligation operation. 40 rats were divided into five groups; Normal group, Sham group, Control group, T1 group and T2 group. 4 groups has a laparotomy after controled 2weeks and sham group, T1 group, T2 group has ligation in stomach. After laparotomy, all group`s body weight, gastric volume, gastric juice PH, SOD activities, catalase activities, lipid peroxidation, total glutathione, the effects on esophageal and stomach mucosa damage were checked. There was significant statistical differences between control group and Ulmi Pumilae cortex extracts adminitration groups(T1 and T2 group) in terms of gastric volume decreasing. Also, adminitration groups has significant effect than control group in decreasing mucosa damage. SOD(superoxide dismutase) and catalase activities has a significant statistical differences between control group and T2 group not in T1 group. These results suggest that the medication of Ulmi Pumilae cortex extracts is effective for the treatment of acute reflux esophagitis in terms of decerasing gastric volume and mucosa damage. Especially, the results were shown to be more positive in High-dose administration group (T2 group) than in Low-dose administration group (T1 group) in SOD and catalase activities.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.362-374
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• 2013

Objectives : This study was carried out to investigate the inhibitory effect of Banhasasim-tang on early reflux esophagitis by control of gastric peristalsis and the lower esophageal sphincter in mice. Methods : Experimental mice were classified into three groups. The normal group were mice with no inflammation. The control group were mice with gastroesophageal reflux elicited by alcohol. The sample group were mice administered Banhasasim-tang after gastroesophageal reflux elicitation. We observed morphological change and production of ghrelin, substance P, and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in gastroesophageal junction mucosa. In addition, we examined change of epithelial junction in esophageal mucosa and change of lower esophageal sphincter distribution. Results : The migration of inflammation-related cells in lamina propria of gastroesophageal junction decreased more in the sample group than in the control group. The positive reaction of ghrelin, substance P, and iNOS significantly decreased more in the sample group than in the control group (p<0.05). Injury of the epithelial junction in the esophageal mucosa and outer oblique layer in the lower esophageal sphincter were significantly mitigated by Banhasasim-tang administration in the sample group (p<0.05). Conclusions : According to the above results, it is supposed that Banhasasim-tang inhibits early reflux esophagitis by controlling not only gastric peristalsis and acid secretion through ghrelin, and substance P but also the lower esophageal sphincter through iNOS.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.1030-1041
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• 2016

Objectives: This study investigated the administration of Jeungmiyijin-tang (JYT) to rats with reflux esophagitis (RE) induced by pylorus and forestomach ligation operations. Methods: Twenty laboratory rats were divided into three groups with 5~7 rats in each group. The control group consisted of rats with no inflammation (CON). The RE group had rats with gastroesophageal reflux elicited by pylorus and forestomach ligation operations. The JYT group had rats that were orally administered Jeungmiyijin-tang (1.5 ml/day/300 g) once a day for 14 days before reflux esophagitis was induced by the pylorus and forestomach ligation operations. Six hours after the operations, the rats were sacrificed, morphological changes were observed, and histological examinations were done in the stomach and esophagus lesion areas. If apoptosis was observed, the apoptotic cells in the esophagus lesion areas were counted. Results: The morphological and histochemical changes consisted of various injuries from hemorrhagic erosion in the RE group, while there were significantly fewer in the JYT group. The RE group marked increases of gastric mucosa erosion and infiltration of inflammatory cells in the submucosa, as well as cell division in the epithelial layer, the proliferation and degranulation of mast cells, and increases in the IL-$1{\beta}$, TNF-${\alpha}$, and MMP-9 expressions in the esophagus of the rats. The JYT group was inhibited above expression compared with the RE group. Apoptosis was statistically significantly decreased in the JYT group compared with the RE group. Conclusions: According to the above results, it appears that Jeungmiyijin-tang inhibits the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-$1{\beta}$, and MMP-9) and apoptosis in the esophagus mucosa, thereby preventing esophageal mucosal damage from esophageal reflux.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.74-79
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• 1999

We experienced a case of Trichosporon beigelii esophagitis in a 16-month-old boy who was presented with hematemesis with a large amorphous material. A spit-out material was silky, $10{\times}1.2\;cm$ in size and like a part of hollow viscus organ. Emergent gastrofiberscopy revealed that this silky material was teared up from upper and to lower esophagus and was threw with hematemesis. It was suggested that pseudomembrane on esophagus was peeled off followed by mucosal bleeding. Pathologic study revealed this material was pseudomembrane with esophageal mucosa of T. beigelii esophagitis and was teared at lamina propria level from submucosa.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.970-975
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• 2010

Because Lonicerae Flos has effects of antiinflammatory and antioxidant, we studied an effect of Lonicerae Flos on reflux esophagitis (RE) through those effects. Rats were treated with three different dosages of LF (500, 250 and 125 mg/kg) orally for 14 days before pylorus and forestomach ligation. Six hrs after pylorus and forestomach ligation, we dissected a stomach and examined a stomach volume, gastric acid output, pepsin release in the stomach, total hexose, sialic acid in stomach tissue and histamine contents of sera. The results were compared with an ${\alpha}$-tocopherol (once orally, 1hr before operation, 30 mg/kg) treated group in which the effects on RE were already confirmed. Lonicerae Flos extract (LE) reduced gastric volumes compared to RE control. This indicate that LE protect a stomach mucosa by depressing of gastric acid release and corresponse with a reducing histamine content of serum. And LE decreasd a volume of pepsin in stomach compraed to RE control, LE increased contents of total hexose and sialic acid based on esophageal and gastric mucus. This indicated that an increased mucus by LE protected inflammation of esophagus mucosa and gastric mucosa induced by gastric acid. So, LE suppressed a gasric acid by decreasing a pepsin release in stomach, suppressed an injury of esophagus inducted by gastric acid with increasing esophageal mucus and a minimum dose of LE to RE was 250 mg/kg. The results suggest that antioxidant effects of LF could attenuate the severity of reflux esophagitis and prevent the esophageal mucosal damage, and validate its therapeutic use in esophageal reflux disease.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.37-44
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• 2016

Objective : This study aimed to evaluate the protective effect of Artemisiae Capillaris Herba (AC) in reflux esophagitis (RE) rats. Methods : The AC was measured antioxidant activity through in vitro experiments, such as total polyphenol and flavonoid contents, 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2, 2'-azinobis-3-ethyl-benzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) radical scavenging activity. Base on the results, we had conducted in vivo experiments. Rats were divided normal, control, AC treatment 50 mg/kg BW (AC50), and AC treatment 100 mg/kg BW (AC100) groups. AC were orally administered 2 h before the induction of RE. RE was induced by tie the pylorus and the transitional junction between the forestomach and the corpus in Sprague-Dawley rats. The rats were sacrificed 5 h after the surgery. We analyzed the expression of inflammatory related markers by western blot and observed the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and hematoxylin-eosin staining, Results : The $IC_{50}$ of AC for DPPH and ABTS were showed 12.60 and $33.32{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ respectively. In the RE rat, AC decreased inflammatory related markers, such as phosphorylated inhibitor of ${\kappa}B{\alpha}$, nuclear factor-kappa B, cyclooxygenase-2, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and tumor necrosis factor alpha. Also, AC reduced the increased reactive oxygen species in serum. The anti-inflammatory effect of AC appeared to be partially mediated through the inhibition of ROS. Also, AC markedly ameliorated esophageal mucosa damage via the inhibition of protein expression related to inflammation. Conclusions : Therefore, these results suggest that AC would be used as a therapeutic material in protection and/or treatment for reflux esophagitis.

• Gut and Liver
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.633-640
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• 2018

Background/Aims: Obesity is a risk factor for gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), with several studies demonstrating positive associations between body mass index (BMI) and GERD symptoms. However, little is known about the effect of BMI changes on erosive esophagitis (EE). In this study, we investigated whether BMI reduction could resolve EE. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was performed to assess the natural course of EE according to changes in BMI. Participants undergoing health check-ups from 2006 to 2012 were enrolled, and 1,126 subjects with EE were included. The degree of esophagitis was measured by upper endoscopy and serially checked over a 5-year follow-up. Logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards models were used to investigate the association between BMI reduction and EE resolution. Results: Substantial weight loss is associated with EE resolution. The adjusted odds ratio for EE resolution was 1.44 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.09 to 1.92) among participants with a decrease in BMI compared to those with no decrease in BMI. The EE resolution rate was related to the degree of BMI reduction. The effect of weight loss on EE resolution was higher among subjects who lost more weight. Compared with subjects with no decrease in BMI, the hazard ratios for EE resolution were 1.09 (95% CI, 0.89 to 1.35), 1.31 (95% CI, 1.01 to 1.72) and 2.12 (95% CI, 1.44 to 3.12) in subjects with BMI reductions of ${\leq}1$, 1-2, and >$2kg/m^2$, respectively. Conclusions: EE resolution is associated with a decrease in BMI, and weight loss is potentially an effective GERD treatment.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.349-359
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• 2020

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a disease that stomach contents continually refluxing, and is currently on the rise worldwide. The purpose of this study is to find natural materials that can reduce side effects and effectively treat chronic acid reflux esophagitis (CARE), one of GERD. First, the antioxidant activity was confirmed by varying the mixing ratio of Coptidis Rhizoma and Evodiae Fructus, which are effective against chronic reflux esophagitis. After, animal experiments were conducted using a 1:1 (CE) and 1:2 (CEE) combination ratio of Coptidis Rhizoma and Evodiae Fructus, which had the best antioxidant efficacy. Gross lesion of esophageal mucosa after CE or CEE treatment showed a superior enhancement compared with that of CARE control rats. Additionally, its inhibited MAPK phosphorylation and led NF-κB inactivation through the suppression of IκBα phosporylation by regulating Nrf2/Keap-1, and NF-κB inactivation induced reduced protein expressions including inflammatory mediators and cytokines. Moreover, its improved esophageal barrier function through upregulating protein expressions of tight junction protein, whereas downregulating protein expressions of MMPs. Taken together, a mixture of Coptidis Rhizoma and Evodiae Fructus can attenuate the esophageal mucosal ulcer by inhibiting MAPK and NF-κB pathway, and upregulating proteins associated with tight junction.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.75-87
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• 2022

Reflux esophagitis (RE) is a gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) caused by repeated reflux of gastric acid into the esophagus. The present study investigated the protective effect of natural mineral water on esophageal injury induced by gastric acid reflux. The cytotoxicity of mineral water was confirmed using Cell viability, proliferation and cytotoxicity assay kit. The protective effect of mineral water on esophageal injury was investigated in RE rat model. The results showed that no cytotoxicity of mineral water was observed in RAW264.7 cells. Mineral water decreased the ratio of esophageal damage, inhibited the increase of inflammatory-protein expression levels and increased the mucosa protection and tight junction proteins expression level in RE control rat. The results suggest that mineral water may have the potential to protect esophageal damage caused by gastric acid reflux and the potential to alleviate reflux esophagitis.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.792-795
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• 1984

The modified Hellers myotomy for esophageal achalasia is known as the best procedure. A properly performed transthoracic esophagomyotomy is essential to prevent complications. But it has some problems such as persistent achalasia due to inadequate myotomy, recurrence due to the healing of myotomy and reflux esophagitis due to destruction of the lower esophageal sphincter. The methods of the reoperation after esophagomyotomy for achalasia of the esophagus consist of 1 ] for persistent achalasia due to inadequate myotomy, additional myotomy feasible. 2] for esophageal reflux, a long-limb jejunal gastric drainage after vagotomy and hemigastrectomy, jejunal after conservative resection for stricture. We experienced 3 cases of reoperation after esophagomyotomy for achalasia of the esophagus. The 1st and 3rd case belongs to 30 cases which were undertaken the primary operation at the National Medical Center from 1961 to 1984. The 2nd case was undertaken the primary operation at other hospital. The 1st and 3rd case were reoperated because of persistent achalasia due to inadequate myotomy and 2rid case was caused by stricture due to reflux esophagitis. The methods of the reoperation were additional myotomy in 1st case, esophagogastrectomy and lower thoracic esophagogastrostomy in 2nd case, and esophagogastrectomy and mid-thoracic esophagogastrostomy in 3rd case. All three cases were complicated with postoperative reflux esophagitis.