• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제43권6호
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• pp.884-892
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• 2014

본 연구에서는 원적외선 이용하여 단풍취를 박층 건조할 경우 건조온도와 송풍속도에 따른 건조특성과 건조제품의 색도 변화를 조사하였고, 건조 전후 취나물의 항산화 성분과 항산화력 변화를 분석함으로써 고품질의 원적외선 건조 취나물 제품 생산을 위한 기초 자료를 제시하고자 하였다. 단풍취의 건조속도는 원적외선 박층 건조온도와 송풍속도가 증가할수록 빨라지고, 건조시간이 단축되는 것으로 나타났다. 특히 원적외선 박층 건조온도 $50^{\circ}C$의 송풍속도 0.8m/sec에서 건조속도가 가장 빠른 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구에서 검증한 건조모델 중 Thompson 모델은 결정계수가 0.9826 이상, RMSE는 0.1277 이하로 나타나, Lewis, Page, Henderson 모델보다 단풍취의 원적외선 박층 건조 시 함수율비 예측 정밀도가 높은 것으로 나타났다. 원적외선 박층건조 후 단풍취의 ${\Delta}L$(명도)값은 원적외선 건조온도와 송풍속도가 빠를수록 증가하는 경향을 보였고, ${\Delta}a$(적색도/녹색도)와 ${\Delta}b$(황색도) 값은 원적외선 건조온도가 낮고, 송풍속도가 느릴수록 갈변하는 현상이 심화되는 것으로 나타났다. 원적외선 박층 건조 후 단풍취의 ${\Delta}E$(색차)값도 원적외선 건조온도가 낮고, 송풍속도가 느릴수록 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 항산화 성분인 폴리페놀 함량의 경우 원적외선 건조온도가 높을수록 감소량이 증가하였고 원적외선 박층 건조 후 37.36~55.21% 감소하는 경향을 보였으며, 원적외선 박층건조조건 중 원적외선 건조온도 $40^{\circ}C$의 송풍속도 0.8m/sec와 $45^{\circ}C$의 송풍속도 0.6 m/sec 조건에서 감소율이 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 플라보노이드 함량의 경우에도 원적외선 박층 건조 후 32.24~44.18% 감소하는 것으로 나타났고, 원적외선 건조온도 $40^{\circ}C$의 송풍속도 0.8 m/sec와 $45^{\circ}C$의 송풍속도 0.8 m/sec 조건에서 감소율이 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 항산화력의 경우에도 원적외선 건조온도가 높을수록 감소하는 경향을 보였고, 원적외선 건조조건 중 $40^{\circ}C$의 송풍속도 0.8 m/sec와 $45^{\circ}C$의 송풍속도 0.6 m/sec 조건에서 항산화력 감소율이 다른 건조조건보다 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 단풍취의 건조시간, 건조 중 변색, 항산화 성분 및 항산화력 등을 고려하면 단풍취 건조제품의 고품질화를 위해서는 원적외선 박층 건조온도 $45^{\circ}C$의 송풍속도 0.6, 0.8 m/sec가 적절한 건조조건으로 판단된다.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.145-155
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• 1997

본 연구는 현재 시공중인 사업부지를 선정하여 시험시공중에 있는 연약지반에서 페이퍼 드레인 공법에 의하여 처리한 지반에서 드레인의 타입간격별 침하거동을 파악하고, 실내시험과 현장계측치로부터 구한 압축지수와 압밀계수를 비교분석하여 배수성능의 우수성을 평가한 것으로 그결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 실측침하량($S_m$)과 설계침하량($S_t$)의 관계 및 실측압밀도($U_m$)와 설계압밀도($U_t$)와의 관계는 드레인 타입간격 1.0m에서는 $S_m=(1.0{\sim}1.1)S_t$, $U_m=(1.13{\sim}1.17)U_t$로 나타났고, 드레인 타입간격 1.5m에서는 $S_m=(0.7{\sim}0.8)S_t$, $U_m=0.92{\sim}0.99)U_t$의 범위로 나타났다. 2. 현장압축지수($Cc_{Field}$)와 처녀압축지수($V_{CC_{lab.}}$)와의 관계는 $Cc_{Field}=(1.0{\sim}1.2)V_{CC_{lab.}}$로 나타났으나, 처녀압축지수의 결정밥법과 최종예상 침하량의 적용방법에 따른 오차를 감안하면 거의 동일한 것으로 판단된다. 3. 계측치로부터 역산한 현장압밀계수는 실내시험에서 구한 압밀계수보다 크게 나타났고, 압밀계수비($C_h/C_v$)는 드레인 타입간격 1.0m에서는 $C_h=(2.4{\sim}3.0)C_v$, 드레인 타입간격 1.5m에서는 $C_h=(3.5{\sim}4.3)C_v$의 범위로 타입간격이 넓을수록 크게 나타났다. 4 드레인 타입간격에 따른 드레인 자재별 배수성능 평가기준을 압밀계수비의 결과를 기초로 판단하여 보면, 드레인 타입간격 1.0m에서는 Mebra 드레인, 드레인 타입간격 1.5m에서는 Amer드레인이 약간 우수한 것으로 나타났으나, 동일한 타입간격에서는 재질간의 큰차이가 발생되지 않아 모두 동일한 배수성능을 갖는 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제38권7호
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• pp.5-24
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• 2022

현행 비탈면 앵커공법의 보강성능평가는 앵커 두부와 지반밀착도, 앵커 두부의 균열 및 파손에 대해서 정성적으로 성능을 평가하고 있다. 이로 인해 성능저하 상태 점검을 위한 정량적 데이터베이스화와 이를 이용한 시간이력 관리는 어려운 실정이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 비탈면에 설치된 앵커공법의 정량적 유지관리에 활용하기 위하여 UAS 영상과 지상 LiDAR의 사각지대를 보완하기 위한 SfM기반의 조합 3차원 수치모형을 구현하여 손상인자의 수치데이터를 검출하였다. 비탈면과 같은 수직구조물에서 상대적으로 높은 z 좌표 오차를 갖는 UAS 3차원 수치모형에서 사각지대 데이터 공백을 상호 보완하기 위하여 지상 LiDAR 스캔 데이터를 조합하였고 z 좌표 정확도의 향상을 확인하였다. 비탈면에 설치된 10공의 앵커에 임의로 손상을 발생시킨 후에 3차원 수치모형을 구축하였고 정사투영을 통해 균열, 파손, 회전변위와 지반 밀착도에 대한 수치 값을 검출하였다. 8K 해상도로 균열 실측값과 비교시 ±0.05mm의 오차범위에서 0.3mm 미만의 균열 검출이 가능하였다. 앵커 두부의 최대 파손 면적은 설계대비 3% 이내로 발생된 것을 확인하였고, 파손부의 체적 또한 검출하였다. 특히 z 좌표 데이터가 중요한 지반밀착도의 경우 UAS 3차원 수치모형에서는 사각지대로 인한 데이터 공백으로 측정이 불가능하였지만 지상 LiDAR를 조합할 경우 앵커 저면과 지반의 불규칙한 표면에서 표고차 확인이 가능하여 임의의 20개 지점의 평균 표고차를 지반밀착도로 도출하였다. 또한, 앵커 두부의 1° 미만의 회전각과 이동 변위 값도 검출하였다. 이에 본 연구에서 구축한 3차원 수치모형에서 앵커 손상인자의 정량적 데이터 추출이 가능하였고, 이를 데이터베이스화 한다면 정량적 평가지표의 기초자료로써 활용이 가능할 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.495-501
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• 2014

본 연구는 다양한 전산화단층촬영기기와 촬영 프로토콜의 차이에 따른 모형물의 부피와 Hounsfield unit (HU) 수치의 차이를 평가하고 이 후 전산화단층촬영술을 이용하여 결석의 부피와 HU 수치를 포함한 다양한 인자들을 평가하고 이 중 체외충격파쇄석술에 의한 결석의 분쇄를 예측할 수 있는 인자를 찾고자 하였다. 다양한 직경의 100 HU 인공종양 5개를 (직경 3.0-12.0 mm) 이용하여 모형물을 만들었으며, 이 모형물의 부피와 HU 수치를 Siemens사의 2채널, GE사의 4채널과 64채널, 그리고 Philips사의 64채널 전산화단층촬영기기를 사용하여 평가하였다. 또한 각각의 전산화단층촬영기기에서 동일한 조건으로 collimation만 thin collimation과 thick collimation으로 변화를 주어 모형물을 촬영한 후 모형물의 부피와 HU 수치를 평가하였다. 평가자간 (inter-observer) 재현성을 평가하기 위해 3명의 수의영상의학 전공의가 연구에 참여하였으며 이중 한 명의 수의사가 평가자내 (intra-observer) 재현성을 평가하기 위해 모형물의 부피와 HU 수치를 2주 간격으로 총 3번 측정하였다. 부피의 평가자간 재현성과 평가자내 재현성은 k=0.9994, k=0.9969로 아주 우수하였으며, HU 수치의 평가자간 재현성과 평가자내 재현성 역시 k=0.9984, k=0.9655로 아주 우수하였다. 다양한 전산화단층촬영기기와 collimation 차이에 따른 부피와 HU 수치의 차이는 모두 통계학적으로 유의적인 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 그러나 부피의 경우 collimation이 얇을수록 부피의 정확도가 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 본 연구 결과를 토대로 향후 진행될 결석의 부피 및 HU 수치의 평가 시 전산화단층촬영기기의 차이에 따른 영향을 받지 않으리라 판단되어 Siemens사의 2채널 전산화단층촬영기기만을 사용하였으며, 비록 통계학적으로 유의적인 차이는 없었지만 부피의 정확도를 더 높이기 위하여 얇은 collimation을 사용하였다.

• 지능정보연구
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.111-131
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• 2015

본 연구에서는 데이터마이닝 기법의 일종인 자기조직화지도(Self-Organizing Map, SOM)를 이용하여 비외감기업의 부실화 유형을 구분하고자 한다. 자기조직화지도는 인공 신경망을 기초로 자율학습을 통해 입력된 값을 유사한 군집끼리 묶어내는 방법으로, 기존의 통계적 군집 분류 방법보다 성능이 뛰어나고, 고차원의 입력데이터를 저차원으로 시각화할 수 있다는 장점 때문에 다양한 분야에서 각광받고 있다. 본 연구에서는 기존 연구의 주요 분석대상이었던 외감기업에 비해 부실화 빈도는 높지만 데이터 수집의 어려움으로 인해 분석대상에서 다소 제외되었던 비외감기업의 부실화 유형에 대해 알아보고, 유형별 구체적인 사례도 소개하고자 한다. 재무자료수집이 가능한 100개의 비외감 부실기업에 대해 분석한 결과, 비외감기업의 부실화 유형은 다섯 가지로 구분되었다. 유형 1은 전체 집단의 약 12%를 차지하며, 수익성, 성장성 등 재무지표가 다른 유형에 비해 열등하였다. 유형 2는 전체 집단의 약 14%로, 유형 1보다는 덜 심각하지만 재무지표가 대체로 열등하였다. 유형 3은 성장성 지표가 열등한 그룹으로 기업간 경쟁이 극심한 가운데 지속적으로 성장하지 못하고 부실화된 경우로 약 30%의 기업이 포함되었다. 유형 4는 성장성은 탁월하나 부채경영 등 과감한 경영으로 인해 유동성 부족이나 현금부족 등의 이유로 부실화된 그룹으로 약 25%의 기업이 포함되었다. 유형 5는 거의 모든 재무지표가 우수한 건전기업으로, 단기적인 경영전략의 실수 또는 중소기업의 특성상 경영자의 개인적 사정으로 부실화 되었을 가능성이 큰 그룹으로 약 18%의 기업이 포함되었다. 본 연구 결과는 부실화 유형을 구분하는데 기존의 통계적 방법이 아닌 자기조직화지도를 이용하였다는 점에서 학문적 의의가 있고, 비외감기업의 재무지표만으로도 1차적인 부실화 징후를 발견할 수 있다는 점에서 실무적 의의가 있다고 할 수 있다.

• 한국안광학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.533-538
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• 2014

목적: 모니터 글자 대비 변화에 따른 눈의 피로도를 측정하여 모니터 글자 대비도와 눈의 피로도의 연관성에 대해 연구하고자 하였다. 방법: 최대교정시력 1.0 이상의 피검자 53명(평균연령 $22.68{\pm}1.85$) 중 읽기속도 검사에 통과한 45명(평균연령 $22.68{\pm}1.85$)을 대상으로 각각 Black(대비 100%), Dark gray(대비 80%), Gray(대비 60%), Light gray(대비 30%) 글자로 이루어진 4가지 시표를 무작위로 읽도록 하였다. 피검자가 시표를 읽는 동안 아이트래커로 피검자의 안구를 추적하여 모니터 글자 대비에 따른 피검자의 눈의 피로도의 변화를 측정하였다. 결과: 피검자들의 평균측정시간은 Black, Dark gray, Gray, Light gray에서 33.635 sec, 32.266 sec, 33.936 sec, 34.848 sec로 측정되었다. 평균안구고정시간은 Black, Dark gray, Gray, Light gray에서 0.224 sec, 0.218 sec, 0.239 sec, 0.243 sec로 측정되었다. 평균동공크기는 Black, Dark gray, Gray, Light gray에서 41.133 mm, 41.160 mm, 40.880 mm, 40.459 mm로 측정되었다. 평균 눈깜박임 빈도수는 Black, Dark gray, Gray, Light gray에서 0.211 blinks/sec, 0.206 blinks/sec, 0.221 blinks/sec, 0.238 blinks/sec로 측정되었다. 결론: 피검자들의 평균측정시간과 평균안구고정시간은 Dark gray가 가장 짧았으며, Light gray에서 가장 길었다. 평균 동공크기는 Dark gray에서 가장 컸으며, Light gray에서 가장 작았다. 평균 눈 깜박임 빈도수는 Dark gray에서 가장 적었으며, Light gray에서 가장 많았다. 모니터 글자 밝기에 따른 눈의 피로도는 Dark gray에서 가장 적었으며 Black, Gray, Light gray 순으로 증가하였다.

• 지능정보연구
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.85-109
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• 2018

추천시스템은 사용자의 과거 구매행동을 통해 향후 구매할 것이라고 예상되는 제품을 자동으로 검색하여 추천해준다. 특히 전자상거래 기업의 상품추천시스템은 일대일 마케팅의 대표적 실현수단으로 가치가 있다. 하지만, 전통적인 추천시스템, 특히 학계 및 산업계에서 가장 널리 사용되고 있는 전통적인 협업필터링 기법은 단일차원의 '종합 평점'만을 고려하여 추천결과를 생성하도록 설계되어 있어, 사용자들의 정확한 니즈를 이해하고 대응하는데 근본적인 한계가 있다. 최근에는 전자 상거래 기업들도 고객들로부터 보다 다각화된, 다기준 방식으로 피드백을 받고 있다. 특히 다기준 평점은 정량적으로 입력되는 정보이므로 상대적으로 분석 및 처리가 용이하다는 장점이 있다. 그러나 다기준 평점 역시 사전에 정해진 기준에 대해서만 사용자의 피드백이 이루어지기 때문에, 보다 상세하게 사용자의 의견을 이해하여 추천에 반영하는 데에는 한계가 있다. 이에 본 연구는 다기준 평점 정보와 선택적 협업필터링의 서로 다른 접근방법을 통해 도출된 추천결과를 종합하여, 최종적으로 추천 대상리스트를 산출할 수 있는 하이브리드 기술을 제안한다. 본 연구에서 제안한 연구모형의 유용성을 검증하기 위해, 식음료점(식당, 카페 등)에 대한 실제 이용자를 대상으로 온라인 설문을 통해 종합 평점과 다기준 평점을 수집하였으며, 데이터를 학습용과 검증용으로 구분하여 학습시키고 성과를 평가하였다. 이 기법은 결합 함수 기반 접근법과 사용자마다 구매의사결정의 체계가 다르다는 전제하에, 사용자들을 유형화하고, 유형에 따라 정보원을 선택적으로 활용하는 협업필터링 알고리즘을 활용했다. 실험결과, 제안 알고리즘을 통한 추천 방법이 단일 차원을 고려하는 전통적인 협업필터링과 비교해 더 우수한 예측정확도를 나타냄을 확인했다. 아울러, 본 연구가 제안하는 다기준 평점과 선택적 협업필터링 알고리즘을 종합하여 추천하는 방법이, 단순히 다기준 평점을 고려했을 때 보다 통계적으로 유의한 수준의 정확도의 개선이 이루어짐을 확인할 수 있었다.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.363-372
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• 1991

백혈구수와 고혈압과의 관계를 알아보기 위해 1985년에 일부 농촌 거주자와 1986년에 일부 도시 거주자를 대상으로 혈액학적인 검사와 장기별로 기능검사를 통해서 건강선별조사를 했던 자료를 이용했다. 농촌거주자는 1985년에 경상북도 경산군에서 남자 206명, 여자 203명을 마을, 통, 반을 기준으로 다단계 집락추출법으로 추출했다. 도시 거주 대상자는 1985년 12월에 대구시에 거주하고 있는 20세 이상의 주민의 성별, 연령별 구성비율에 부합되게 농촌과 같은 표본추출방법으로 600명을 선정했으나 600명중 384명만이 본 조사에 응해주어서 나머지 인원은 피보험대상자들의 정기 신체검사를 위해 대학병원 건강관리과에 내원한 사람들 중에서 성, 연령을 짝지어서 추출했다. 이들 자료에서 백혈구수 측정이 빠진 사람, 고혈압력을 포함한 질병 유소견자와 검사상 극도의 비정상적인 수치를 보이는 자들을 농촌 거주자에서 36명 (8.8%), 도시 거주자에서 29명 (4.8%)을 제외시켜서 최종분석에 이용된 자는 도시가 571명, 농촌이 373명이었다. 백혈구수 측정은 ELT-8 Laser shadow method 를 이용했으며 단위는 $cells/mm^3$ 였다. 혈압 측정은 Aneroid 혈압계를 사용해서 표준화한 후 측정했다. 고혈압자의 정의는 수축기혈압 140 mmHg/확장기혈압이 90 mmHg 이상인 자로 했다. 농촌과 도시를 합한 총대상자에대해 고혈압자와 정상 혈압자간의 백혈구수의 평균을 비교하면 정상 혈압자에서 $6490.61{\pm}1941.32$, 고혈압에서 $6965.93{\pm}1997.01$로서 고혈압자에서 백혈구수의 평균이 통계적으로 유의하게 더 높았으며 (P=0.00), 농촌에서 동일한 방향의 유의한 차이를 보였다 (P=0.03). 그 외의 거주지와 성별로 층화한 각 층에서는 유의한 평균차이를 보이는 결과는 없었다. 총대상자에서 백혈구수 1/5분위수를 기준으로 했을 때 2/5분위수의 비차비가 0.99 (95% confidence interval, CI 0.62-1.59), 3/5분위수가 1.41 (95% CI 0.90-2.21), 4/5분위수가 1.76(95% CI 1.14-2.72), 5/5분위수가 1.80 (95% CI 1.15-2.82)로서 백혈구수가 증가 함에따라 고혈압의 유병율이 일정하게 상승하는 것을 알 수 있었으며 경향분석에서도 유의한 경향($X^2_{trend}=5.53,\;df=1,\;P<0.05$)을 나타내었다. 나머지 층에서는 유의한 비차비도 없었으며 유의한 경향 역시 보이지 않았다. 그러나 거주지와 성별로 층화한 각 층에서 연령, 흡연과 음주량을 다중지수회귀분석으로 통제를 했을 때 단일분석시 통계적인 유의성을 보였던 전체 대상자의 비차비는 통계적으로 유의하지 않게 되었고 그 크기 역시 작아지고 불안정해졌다. 전체적으로 비차비의 크기가 조금씩 줄었으며 경향분석에서도 유의한 경향을 보인 층은 없었다. 이러한 사실은 백혈구수와 고혈압과의 가설을 처음으로 제시했던 Friedman등의 연구가 고혈압의 예측변수를 찾기위해 800여개의 변수와 고혈압발생과의 관계를 보는 과정에서 우연히 발견된 통계적인 1종오차의 결과 일지도 모른다는 것을 시사해주는 결과이다.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.1-8
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• 1985

The wall shear stress in the vicinity of end-to end anastomoses under steady flow conditions was measured using a flush-mounted hot-film anemometer(FMHFA) probe. The experimental measurements were in good agreement with numerical results except in flow with low Reynolds numbers. The wall shear stress increased proximal to the anastomosis in flow from the Penrose tubing (simulating an artery) to the PTFE: graft. In flow from the PTFE graft to the Penrose tubing, low wall shear stress was observed distal to the anastomosis. Abnormal distributions of wall shear stress in the vicinity of the anastomosis, resulting from the compliance mismatch between the graft and the host artery, might be an important factor of ANFH formation and the graft failure. The present study suggests a correlation between regions of the low wall shear stress and the development of anastomotic neointimal fibrous hyperplasia(ANPH) in end-to-end anastomoses. 30523 T00401030523 ^x Air pressure decay(APD) rate and ultrafiltration rate(UFR) tests were performed on new and saline rinsed dialyzers as well as those roused in patients several times. C-DAK 4000 (Cordis Dow) and CF IS-11 (Baxter Travenol) reused dialyzers obtained from the dialysis clinic were used in the present study. The new dialyzers exhibited a relatively flat APD, whereas saline rinsed and reused dialyzers showed considerable amount of decay. C-DAH dialyzers had a larger APD(11.70$\pm$1.32mmHg/min)compared to CF dialyzers(4.32$\pm$0.55mmHg/min)(p<0.05). However, there was no observable difference in the UFR between the two dialyzers. Neither APD nor UFR showed any significant increase with an increasing number of reuses for up to more than 20reuses. A substantial number of failures observed in APD(larger than 20mmHe/min)on the reused dialyzers(2 out of 40 CP and S out 26 C-DAK) were attributed to the Possible damage on the fibers. The CF 15-11 HFDs which failed APD test did not show changes in the UFR compared to normal dialyzers indicating that APD is a more sensitive test than UFR test to evaluate the integrity of the fibers. 30527 T00401030527 ^x For quantitative measurement of reflected light from a clinical diagnostic strip, a prototype old reflectance photometer was designed. The strip loader and cassette were made to obtain more accurate reflectance parameters. The strip was illuminated at 45˚c through optical fiber and the intensity of reflected light was determined at rectanguLat angle using a photodiode. The kubelka-munk coefficient and reflection optical density were determined ar four different wavelengths(500, 550, 570 and 610nm) for blood glucose strip. For higher concentration than 300mg/41 about glucose, a saturation state of abforbance was observed at 500, 550 and 570nm. The correlation between glucose concentration and parameters was the best at 610nm. 30535 T00401030535 ^x Radiation-induced fibrosarcoma tumors were grown on the flanks of C3H mice. The mice were divided into two groups. One group was injected with Photofrin II, intravenously (2.5mg/kg body weight). The other group received no Photofrin II. Mice from both groups were irradialed for approximately 15 minutes at 100, 300, or 500 mW/cm2 with the argon (488nm/514.5 nm), dye(628nm) and gold vapor (pulsed 628 nm) laser light. A photosensitizer behaved as an added absorber. Under our experimental conditions, the presence of Photolfrin II increased surface temperature by at least 40% and the temperature rise due to 300 mW/cm2 irradiation exceeded values for hyperthermia. Light and temperature distributions with depth were estimated by a computer model. The model demonstrated the influence of wavelength on the thermal process and proved to be a valuable tool to investigate internal temperature rise. 30536 T00401030536 ^x We investigated the structural geometry of thirty-eight Korean femurs. The purpose of this study is to identify major geometrical differences between Korean femurs 3nd others that we believe belong to Caucasians so that we would be able to get insights into the femoral component design that fits Asians including Koreans. We utilized computerized tomography (CT) images of femurs extracted from cadavers. The CT images were transformed into bitmap data by using a film scanner, and then analyzed by using a commercially available software called Image v.1.0 and a Macintosh IIci computer.The resulting data were compared with already published data. The major results show that the geometry of the Korean femurs is significantly different from that of Caucasians: (1) the anteversion angle and the canal flare index are greater by the amount of approximately 8˚ and 0.5, respectively, (2) the shape of the isthmus cross section is more round, and (3) the distance between the teaser trochanter and the proximal border of the isthmus is shelter by about 15 mm. The results suggested that the femoral component suitable for Asians should be different from the currently-used components designed and manufactured mostly by European or American companies. 30537 T00401030537 ^x It is well known that nonlinear propagation characteristics of the wave in the tissue may give very useful information for the medical diagnoisis. In this paper, a new method to detect nonlinear propagation characteristics of the internal vibration in the tissue for the low frequency mechanical vibration by using bispectral analysis is proposed. In the method, low frequency vibration of f0( = 100Hz) is applied on the surface of the object, and the waveform of the internal vibration x (t) is measured from Doppler frequency modulation of silmultaneously transmitted probing ultrasonic waves. Then, the bispectra of the signal x (t) at the frequencies (f0, f0) and (f0, 2f0) are calculated to estimate the nonlinear propagation characteristics as their magnitude ratio, w here since bispectrum is free from the gaussian additive noise we can get the value with high S/N. Basic experimental system is constructed by using 3.0 MHz probing ultrasonic waves and the several experiments are carried out for some phantoms. Results show the superiority of the proposed method to the conventional method using power spectrum and also its usefulness for the tissue characterization. 30541 T00401030541 ^x This paper describes the implementation of a computerized radial pulse diagnosis by aids of a clinical expert. On this base, we composed of the radial pulse diagnosis system in korean traditional medicine. The system composed of a radial pulse wave detection system and a radial pulse diagnosis system. With a detection system, we detected Inyoung and Cheongu radial pulse wave and processed it. Then, we have got the characteristic parameters of radial pulse wave and also quantified that according to the method of Inyoung-Cheongu Comparison Radial Pulse Diagnosis. We defined the jugement standard of radial pulse diagnosis system and then we confirmed the possibility for realization of automatic radial pulse diagnosis in korean traditional medicine. 30545 T00401030545 ^x Microspheres are expected to be applied to biomedical areas such as solid-phase immunoassays, drug delivery systems, immunomagnetic cell separation. To synthesize microspheres for biomedical application, "two stage shot growth method" was developed. The uniformity ratio of synthesized microspheres was always smaller than 1.05. And the surface charge density (or the number of ionizable functional groups) of the microspheres synthesized by "two stage shot growth method" was 6~13 times higher than that of the microspheres synthesized by conventional seeded batch copolymerization. As a previous step for biomedical application, adsorption experiments of bovine albumin on microspheres were carried out under various conditions. The maximum adsorbed amount was obtained in the neighborhood of pH 4.5. Isoelectric point of bovine albumin is pH 5.0, so experimental result shows that it shifted to acid area. The adsorption isotherm was obtained, the plateau region was always reached at 2.Og/L (bulk concentration of bovine albumin).The effect of the kind and the amount of surface functional group was also examined. 30575 T00401030575 ^x A medical image workstation was developed using multimedia technique. The system based on PC-486DX was designed to acquire medical images produced by medical imaging instruments and related audio information, that is, doctors' reporting results. Input information was processed and analyzed, then the results were presented in the form of graph and animation. All the informations of the system were hierarchically related with the image as the apex. Processing and analysis algorithms were implemented so that the diagnostic accuracy could be improved. The diagnosed information can be transferred for patient diagnosis through LAN(local area network). 30592 T00401030592 ^x In the conventional infrared imaging system, complex infrared lens systems are usually used for directing collimated narrow infrared beams into the high speed 2-dimensional optic scanner. In this paper, a simple reflective infrared optic system with a 2-dimensional optic scanner is proposed for the realization of medical infrared thermography system. It has been experimentally proven that the intfrared thermography system composed of the proposed optic system has the temperature resolution of 0.1˚c under the spatial resolution of lmrad, the image matrix size of 256 X 240, and tile imaging time of 4 seconds. 30593 T00401030593 ^x In this paper, MIIS (Medical Image Information System) has been designed and implemented using INGRES RDBMS, which is based on a client/server architecture. The implemented system allows users to register and retrieve patient information, medical images and diagnostic reports. It also provides the function to display these information on workstation windows simultaneously by using the designed menu-driven graphic user interface. The medical image compression/decompression techniques are implemented and integrated into the medical image database system for the efficient data storage and the fast access through the network. 30594 T00401030594 ^x In this paper, computerized BEAM was implemented for the space domain analysis of EEG. Trans-formation from temporal summation to two-dimensional mappings is formed by 4 nearest point inter-polaton method. Methods of representation of BEAM are two. One is dot density method which classify brain electrical potential 9 levels by dot density of gray levels and the other is colour method which classify brain electrical 12 levels by red-green colours. In this BEAM, instantaneous change and average energy distribution over any arbitrary time interval of brain electrical activity could be observed and analyzed easily. In the frequency domain, the distribution of energy spectrum of a special band can easily be distinguished normality and abnormality. 30608 T00401030608 ^x Laboratory information system (LIS) is a key tool to manage laboratory data in clinical pathology. Our department has developed an information system for routine hematology using down-sized computer system. We have used an IBM 486 compatible PC with 16MB main memory, 210 MB hard disk drive, 9 RS-232C port and 24 pin dot printer. The operating system and database management system were SCO UNIX and SCO foxbase, respectively. For program development, we used Xbase language provided by SCO foxbase. The C language was used for interface purpose. To make the system use friendly, pull-down menu was used. The system connected to our hospital information system via application program interface (API), so the information related to patient and request details is automatically transmitted to our computer. Our system interfaced with fwd complete blood count analyzers(Sysmex NE-8000 and Coulter STKS) for unidirectional data tansmission from analyzer to computer. The authors suggests that this system based on down-sized computer could provide a progressive approach to total LIS based on local area network, and the implemented system could serve as a model for other hospital's LIS for routine hematology. 30609 T00401030609 ^x To develop an artificial bone substitute that is gradually degraded and replaced by the regenerated natural bone, the authors designed a composite that is consisted of calcium phosphate and collagen. To use as the structural matrix of the composite, collagen was purified from human umbilical cord. The obtained collagen was treated by pepsin to remove telopeptides, and finally, the immune-free atelocollagen was produced: The cross linked atelocollagen was highly resistant to the collagenase induced collagenolysis. The cross linked collagen demonstrated an improved tensile strength. 30618 T00401030618 ^x This paper is a study on the design of adptive filter for QRS complex detection. We propose a simple adaptive algorithm to increase capability of noise cancelation in QRS complex detection with two stage adaptive filter. At the first stage, background noise is removed and at the next stage, only spectrum of QRS complex components is passed. Two adaptive filters can afford to keep track of the changes of both noise and QRS complex. Each adaptive filter consists of prediction error filter and FIR filter The impulse response of FIR filter uses coefficients of prediction error filter. The detection rates for 105 and 108 of MIT/BIH data base were 99.3% and 97.4% respectively. 30619 T00401030619 ^x To develop an artificial bone substitute that is gradually degraded and replaced by the regenerated natural bone, the authors designed and produced a composite that is consisted of calcium phosphate and collagen. Human umbilical cord origin pepsin treated type I atelocollagen was used as the structural matrix, by which sintered or non-sintered carbonate apatite was encapsulated to form an inorganic-organic composite. With cross linking atelocollagen by UV ray irradiation, the resistance to both compressive and tensile strength was increased. Collagen degradation by the collagenase induced collagenolysis was also decreased. 30620 T00401030620 ^x We have developed a monoleaflet polymer valve as an inexpensive and viable alternative, especially for short-term use in the ventricular assist device or total artificial heart. The frame and leaflet of the polymer valve were made from polyurethane, To evaluate the hemodynamic performance of the polymer valve a comparative study of flow dynamics past a polymer valve and a St. Jude Medical prosthetic valve under physiological pulsatile flow conditions in vitro was made. Comparisons between the valves were made on the transvalvular pressure drop, regurgitation volume and maximum valve opening area. The polymer valve showed smaller regurgitation volume and transvalvular pressure drop compared to the mechanical valve at higher heart rate. The results showed that the functional characteristics of the polymer valve compared favorably with those of the mechanical valve at higher heart rate. 30621 T00401030621 ^x Explosive evaporative removal process of biological tissue by absorption of a CW laser has been simulated by using gelatin and a multimode Nd:YAG laser. Because the point of maximun temperature of laser-irradiated gelatin exists below the surface due to surface cooling, evaporation at the boiling temperature is made explosively from below the surface. The important parameters of this process are the conduction loss to laser power absorption (defined as the conduction-to-laser power parameter, Nk), the convection heat transfer at the surface to conduction loss (defined as Bi), dimensionless extinction coefficient (defined as Br.), and dimensionless irradiation time (defined as Fo). Dependence of Fo on Nk and Bi has been observed by experiment, and the results have been compared with the numerical results obtained by solving a 2-dimensional conduction equation. Fo and explosion depth (from the surface to the point of maximun temperature) are increased when Nk and Bi are increased.To find out the minimum laser power for explosive evaporative removal process, steady state analysis has been also made. The limit of Nk to induce evaporative removal, which is proportional to the inverse of the laser power, has been obtained. 30622 T00401030622 ^x N1 and N2 gross neural action potentials were measured from the round window of the guinea pig cochlea at the onset of the acoustic stimuli. N1-N2 audiograms were made by means of regulating stimulant intensities in order to produce constant N1-N2 potentials as criteria for different input tone pip frequencies. The lowest threshold was measured with an input tone pip I5 dB SPL in intensity and 12 KHz in frequency when the animal was in normal physiological condition. The procedure of experimental measurements is explained in detail. This experimental approach is very useful for the investigation of the Cochlear function. Both noN1inear and active functions of the Cochlea can be monitored by N1-N2 audiograms. 30623 T00401030623 ^x In electrical impedance tomography(EIT), we use boundary current and voltage measurements toprovide the information about the cross-sectional distribution of electrical impedance or resistivity. One of the major problems in EIT has been the inaccessibility of internal voltage or current data in finding the internal impedance values. We propose a new image reconstruction method using internal current density data measured by NMR. We obtained a two-dimensional current density distribution within a phantom by processing the real and imaginary MR images from a 4.77 NMR machine. We implemented a resistivity mage reconstruction algorithm using the finite element method and sensitivity matrix. We presented computer simulation results of the mage reconstruction algorithm and furture direction of the research. 30624 T00401030624 ^x A new method of digital image analysis technique for discrimination of cancer cell was presented in this paper. The object image was the Thyroid eland cells image that was diagnosed as normal and abnormal (two types of abnormal: follicular neoplastic cell, and papillary neoplastic cell), respectively. By using the proposed region segmentation algorithm, the cells were segmented into nucleus. The 16 feature parameters were used to calculate the features of each nucleus. A9 a consequence of using dominant feature parameters method proposed in this paper, discrimination rate of 91.11% was obtained for Thyroid Gland cells. 30625 T00401030625 ^x An electrical stimulator was designed to induce locomotion for paraplegic patients caused by central nervous system injury. Optimal stimulus parameters, which can minimize muscle fatigue and can achieve effective muscle contraction were determined in slow and fast muscles in Sprague-Dawley rats. Stimulus patterns of our stimulator were designed to simulate electromyographic activity monitored during locomotion of normal subjects. Muscle types of the lower extremity were classified according to their mechanical property of contraction, which are slow muscle (msoleus m.) and fast muscle (medial gastrocneminus m., rectus femoris m., vastus lateralis m.). Optimal parameters of electrical stimulation for slow muscles were 20 Hz, 0.2 ms square pulse. For fast muscle, 40 Hz, 0.3 ms square pulse was optimal to produce repeated contraction. Higher stimulus intensity was required when synergistic muscles were stimulated simultaneously than when they were stimulated individually. Electrical stimulation for each muscle was designed to generate bipedal locomotion, so that individual muscles alternate contraction and relaxation to simulate stance and swing phases. Portable electrical stimulator with 16 channels built in microprocessor was constructed and applied to paraplegic patients due to lumbar cord injury. The electrical stimulator restored partially gait function in paraplegic patients. 30626 T00401030626 ^x Two-Dimensional modelling of the Cochlear biomechanics is presented in this paper. The Laplace partial differential equation which represents the fluid mechanics of the Cochlea has been transformed into two-dimensional electrical transmission line. The procedure of this transformation is explained in detail. The comparison between one and two dimensional models is also presented. This electrical modelling of the basilar membrane (BM) is clearly useful for the next approach to the further. Development of active elements which are essential in the producing of the sharp tuning of the BM. This paper shows that two-dimension model is qualitatively better than one-dimensional model both in amplitude and phase responses of the BM displacement. The present model is only for frequency response. However because the model is electrical, the two-dimensional transmission line model can be extended to time response without any difficult. 30627 T00401030627 ^x A method has been proposed for the fully automatic detection of left ventricular endocardial boundary in 2D short axis echocardiogram using geometric model. The procedure has the following three distinct stages. First, the initial center is estimated by the initial center estimation algorithm which is applied to decimated image. Second, the center estimation algorithm is applied to original image and then best-fit elliptic model estimation is processed. Third, best-fit boundary is detected by the cost function which is based on the best-fit elliptic model. The proposed method shows effective result without manual intervention by a human operator. 30628 T00401030628 ^x The intelligent trajectory control method that controls moving direction and average velocity for a prosthetic arm is proposed by pattern recognition and force estimations using EMG signals. Also, we propose the real time trajectory planning method which generates continuous accelleration paths using 3 stage linear filters to minimize the impact to human body induced by arm motions and to reduce the muscle fatigue. We use combination of MLP and fuzzy filter for pattern recognition to estimate the direction of a muscle and Hogan's method for the force estimation. EMG signals are acquired by using a amputation simulator and 2 dimensional joystick motion. The simulation results of proposed prosthetic arm control system using the EMf signals show that the arm is effectively followed the desired trajectory depended on estimated force and direction of muscle movements. 30638 T00401030638 ^x A new neural network architecture for the recognition of patterns from images is proposed, which is partially based on the results of physiological studies. The proposed network is composed of multi-layers and the nerve cells in each layer are connected by spatial filters which approximate receptive fields in optic nerve fields. In the proposed method, patterns recognition for complicated images is carried out using global features as well as local features such as lines and end-points. A new generating method of matched filers representing global features is proposed in this network. 30659 T00401030659 ^x An implementation scheme of the magnetic nerve stimulator using a switching mode power supply is proposed. By using a switching mode power supply rather than a conventional linear power supply for charging high voltage capacitors, the weight and size of the magnetic nerve stimulator can be considerably reduced. Maximum output voltage of the developed magnetic nerve stimulator using the switching mode power supply is 3, 000 volts and switching time is about 100 msec. Experimental results or human nerve stimulations using the developed stimulator are presented. 30768 T00401030768 ^x In this paper, we describe the design methodology and specifications of the developed module-based bedside monitors for patient monitoring. The bedside monitor consists of a main unit and module cases with various parameter modules. The main unit includes a 12.1" TFT color LCD, a main CPU board, and peripherals such as a module controller, Ethernet LAN card, video card, rotate/push button controller, etc. The main unit can connect at maximum three module cases each of which can accommodate up to 7 parameter modules. They include the modules for electrocardiograph, respiration, invasive blood pressure, noninvasive blood pressure, temperature, and SpO2 with Plethysmograph.SpO2 with Plethysmograph.

• 한국우주과학회:학술대회논문집(한국우주과학회보)
• /
• 한국우주과학회 1993년도 한국우주과학회보 제2권2호
• /
• pp.17-17
• /
• 1993

The wall shear stress in the vicinity of end-to end anastomoses under steady flow conditions was measured using a flush-mounted hot-film anemometer(FMHFA) probe. The experimental measurements were in good agreement with numerical results except in flow with low Reynolds numbers. The wall shear stress increased proximal to the anastomosis in flow from the Penrose tubing (simulating an artery) to the PTFE: graft. In flow from the PTFE graft to the Penrose tubing, low wall shear stress was observed distal to the anastomosis. Abnormal distributions of wall shear stress in the vicinity of the anastomosis, resulting from the compliance mismatch between the graft and the host artery, might be an important factor of ANFH formation and the graft failure. The present study suggests a correlation between regions of the low wall shear stress and the development of anastomotic neointimal fibrous hyperplasia(ANPH) in end-to-end anastomoses. 30523 T00401030523 ^x Air pressure decay(APD) rate and ultrafiltration rate(UFR) tests were performed on new and saline rinsed dialyzers as well as those roused in patients several times. C-DAK 4000 (Cordis Dow) and CF IS-11 (Baxter Travenol) reused dialyzers obtained from the dialysis clinic were used in the present study. The new dialyzers exhibited a relatively flat APD, whereas saline rinsed and reused dialyzers showed considerable amount of decay. C-DAH dialyzers had a larger APD(11.70${\pm}$1.32mmHg/min)compared to CF dialyzers(4.32${\pm}$0.55mmHg/min)(p<0.05). However, there was no observable difference in the UFR between the two dialyzers. Neither APD nor UFR showed any significant increase with an increasing number of reuses for up to more than 20reuses. A substantial number of failures observed in APD(larger than 20mmHe/min)on the reused dialyzers(2 out of 40 CP and S out 26 C-DAK) were attributed to the Possible damage on the fibers. The CF 15-11 HFDs which failed APD test did not show changes in the UFR compared to normal dialyzers indicating that APD is a more sensitive test than UFR test to evaluate the integrity of the fibers. 30527 T00401030527 ^x For quantitative measurement of reflected light from a clinical diagnostic strip, a prototype old reflectance photometer was designed. The strip loader and cassette were made to obtain more accurate reflectance parameters. The strip was illuminated at 45˚c through optical fiber and the intensity of reflected light was determined at rectanguLat angle using a photodiode. The kubelka-munk coefficient and reflection optical density were determined ar four different wavelengths(500,550,570 and 610nm) for blood glucose strip. For higher concentration than 300mg/41 about glucose, a saturation state of abforbance was observed at 500,550 and 570nm. The correlation between glucose concentration and parameters was the best at 610nm. 30535 T00401030535 ^x Radiation-induced fibrosarcoma tumors were grown on the flanks of C3H mice. The mice were divided into two groups. One group was injected with Photofrin II, intravenously (2.5mg/kg body weight). The other group received no Photofrin II. Mice from both groups were irradialed for approximately 15 minutes at 100,300, or 500 mW/cm2 with the argon (488nm/514.5 nm), dye(628nm) and gold vapor (pulsed 628 nm) laser light. A photosensitizer behaved as an added absorber. Under our experimental conditions, the presence of Photolfrin II increased surface temperature by at least 40% and the temperature rise due to 300 mW/cm2 irradiation exceeded values for hyperthermia. Light and temperature distributions with depth were estimated by a computer model. The model demonstrated the influence of wavelength on the thermal process and proved to be a valuable tool to investigate internal temperature rise. 30536 T00401030536 ^x We investigated the structural geometry of thirty-eight Korean femurs. The purpose of this study is to identify major geometrical differences between Korean femurs 3nd others that we believe belong to Caucasians so that we would be able to get insights into the femoral component design that fits Asians including Koreans. We utilized computerized tomography (CT) images of femurs extracted from cadavers. The CT images were transformed into bitmap data by using a film scanner, and then analyzed by using a commercially available software called Image v.1.0 and a Macintosh IIci computer.The resulting data were compared with already published data. The major results show that the geometry of the Korean femurs is significantly different from that of Caucasians: (1) the anteversion angle and the canal flare index are greater by the amount of approximately 8˚ and 0.5, respectively, (2) the shape of the isthmus cross section is more round, and (3) the distance between the teaser trochanter and the proximal border of the isthmus is shelter by about 15 mm. The results suggested that the femoral component suitable for Asians should be different from the currently-used components designed and manufactured mostly by European or American companies. 30537 T00401030537 ^x It is well known that nonlinear propagation characteristics of the wave in the tissue may give very useful information for the medical diagnoisis. In this paper, a new method to detect nonlinear propagation characteristics of the internal vibration in the tissue for the low frequency mechanical vibration by using bispectral analysis is proposed. In the method, low frequency vibration of f0( = 100Hz) is applied on the surface of the object, and the waveform of the internal vibration x (t) is measured from Doppler frequency modulation of silmultaneously transmitted probing ultrasonic waves. Then, the bispectra of the signal x (t) at the frequencies (f0, f0) and (f0, 2f0) are calculated to estimate the nonlinear propagation characteristics as their magnitude ratio, w here since bispectrum is free from the gaussian additive noise we can get the value with high S/N. Basic experimental system is constructed by using 3.0 MHz probing ultrasonic waves and the several experiments are carried out for some phantoms. Results show the superiority of the proposed method to the conventional method using power spectrum and also its usefulness for the tissue characterization. 30541 T00401030541 ^x This paper describes the implementation of a computerized radial pulse diagnosis by aids of a clinical expert. On this base, we composed of the radial pulse diagnosis system in korean traditional medicine. The system composed of a radial pulse wave detection system and a radial pulse diagnosis system. With a detection system, we detected Inyoung and Cheongu radial pulse wave and processed it. Then, we have got the characteristic parameters of radial pulse wave and also quantified that according to the method of Inyoung-Cheongu Comparison Radial Pulse Diagnosis. We defined the jugement standard of radial pulse diagnosis system and then we confirmed the possibility for realization of automatic radial pulse diagnosis in korean traditional medicine. 30545 T00401030545 ^x Microspheres are expected to be applied to biomedical areas such as solid-phase immunoassays, drug delivery systems, immunomagnetic cell separation. To synthesize microspheres for biomedical application, "two stage shot growth method" was developed. The uniformity ratio of synthesized microspheres was always smaller than 1.05. And the surface charge density (or the number of ionizable functional groups) of the microspheres synthesized by "two stage shot growth method" was 6~13 times higher than that of the microspheres synthesized by conventional seeded batch copolymerization. As a previous step for biomedical application, adsorption experiments of bovine albumin on microspheres were carried out under various conditions. The maximum adsorbed amount was obtained in the neighborhood of pH 4.5. Isoelectric point of bovine albumin is pH 5.0, so experimental result shows that it shifted to acid area. The adsorption isotherm was obtained, the plateau region was always reached at 2.Og/L (bulk concentration of bovine albumin).The effect of the kind and the amount of surface functional group was also examined. 30575 T00401030575 ^x A medical image workstation was developed using multimedia technique. The system based on PC-486DX was designed to acquire medical images produced by medical imaging instruments and related audio information, that is, doctors' reporting results. Input information was processed and analyzed, then the results were presented in the form of graph and animation. All the informations of the system were hierarchically related with the image as the apex. Processing and analysis algorithms were implemented so that the diagnostic accuracy could be improved. The diagnosed information can be transferred for patient diagnosis through LAN(local area network). 30592 T00401030592 ^x In the conventional infrared imaging system, complex infrared lens systems are usually used for directing collimated narrow infrared beams into the high speed 2-dimensional optic scanner. In this paper, a simple reflective infrared optic system with a 2-dimensional optic scanner is proposed for the realization of medical infrared thermography system. It has been experimentally proven that the intfrared thermography system composed of the proposed optic system has the temperature resolution of 0.1˚c under the spatial resolution of lmrad, the image matrix size of 256 X 240, and tile imaging time of 4 seconds. 30593 T00401030593 ^x In this paper, MIIS (Medical Image Information System) has been designed and implemented using INGRES RDBMS, which is based on a client/server architecture. The implemented system allows users to register and retrieve patient information, medical images and diagnostic reports. It also provides the function to display these information on workstation windows simultaneously by using the designed menu-driven graphic user interface. The medical image compression/decompression techniques are implemented and integrated into the medical image database system for the efficient data storage and the fast access through the network. 30594 T00401030594 ^x In this paper, computerized BEAM was implemented for the space domain analysis of EEG. Trans-formation from temporal summation to two-dimensional mappings is formed by 4 nearest point inter-polaton method. Methods of representation of BEAM are two. One is dot density method which classify brain electrical potential 9 levels by dot density of gray levels and the other is colour method which classify brain electrical 12 levels by red-green colours. In this BEAM, instantaneous change and average energy distribution over any arbitrary time interval of brain electrical activity could be observed and analyzed easily. In the frequency domain, the distribution of energy spectrum of a special band can easily be distinguished normality and abnormality. 30608 T00401030608 ^x Laboratory information system (LIS) is a key tool to manage laboratory data in clinical pathology. Our department has developed an information system for routine hematology using down-sized computer system. We have used an IBM 486 compatible PC with 16MB main memory, 210 MB hard disk drive, 9 RS-232C port and 24 pin dot printer. The operating system and database management system were SCO UNIX and SCO foxbase, respectively. For program development, we used Xbase language provided by SCO foxbase. The C language was used for interface purpose. To make the system use friendly, pull-down menu was used. The system connected to our hospital information system via application program interface (API), so the information related to patient and request details is automatically transmitted to our computer. Our system interfaced with fwd complete blood count analyzers(Sysmex NE-8000 and Coulter STKS) for unidirectional data tansmission from analyzer to computer. The authors suggests that this system based on down-sized computer could provide a progressive approach to total LIS based on local area network, and the implemented system could serve as a model for other hospital's LIS for routine hematology. 30609 T00401030609 ^x To develop an artificial bone substitute that is gradually degraded and replaced by the regenerated natural bone, the authors designed a composite that is consisted of calcium phosphate and collagen. To use as the structural matrix of the composite, collagen was purified from human umbilical cord. The obtained collagen was treated by pepsin to remove telopeptides, and finally, the immune-free atelocollagen was produced: The cross linked atelocollagen was highly resistant to the collagenase induced collagenolysis. The cross linked collagen demonstrated an improved tensile strength. 30618 T00401030618 ^x This paper is a study on the design of adptive filter for QRS complex detection. We propose a simple adaptive algorithm to increase capability of noise cancelation in QRS complex detection with two stage adaptive filter. At the first stage, background noise is removed and at the next stage, only spectrum of QRS complex components is passed. Two adaptive filters can afford to keep track of the changes of both noise and QRS complex. Each adaptive filter consists of prediction error filter and FIR filter The impulse response of FIR filter uses coefficients of prediction error filter. The detection rates for 105 and 108 of MIT/BIH data base were 99.3% and 97.4% respectively. 30619 T00401030619 ^x To develop an artificial bone substitute that is gradually degraded and replaced by the regenerated natural bone, the authors designed and produced a composite that is consisted of calcium phosphate and collagen. Human umbilical cord origin pepsin treated type I atelocollagen was used as the structural matrix, by which sintered or non-sintered carbonate apatite was encapsulated to form an inorganic-organic composite. With cross linking atelocollagen by UV ray irradiation, the resistance to both compressive and tensile strength was increased. Collagen degradation by the collagenase induced collagenolysis was also decreased. 30620 T00401030620 ^x We have developed a monoleaflet polymer valve as an inexpensive and viable alternative, especially for short-term use in the ventricular assist device or total artificial heart. The frame and leaflet of the polymer valve were made from polyurethane, To evaluate the hemodynamic performance of the polymer valve a comparative study of flow dynamics past a polymer valve and a St. Jude Medical prosthetic valve under physiological pulsatile flow conditions in vitro was made. Comparisons between the valves were made on the transvalvular pressure drop, regurgitation volume and maximum valve opening area. The polymer valve showed smaller regurgitation volume and transvalvular pressure drop compared to the mechanical valve at higher heart rate. The results showed that the functional characteristics of the polymer valve compared favorably with those of the mechanical valve at higher heart rate. 30621 T00401030621 ^x Explosive evaporative removal process of biological tissue by absorption of a CW laser has been simulated by using gelatin and a multimode Nd:YAG laser. Because the point of maximun temperature of laser-irradiated gelatin exists below the surface due to surface cooling, evaporation at the boiling temperature is made explosively from below the surface. The important parameters of this process are the conduction loss to laser power absorption (defined as the conduction-to-laser power parameter, Nk), the convection heat transfer at the surface to conduction loss (defined as Bi), dimensionless extinction coefficient (defined as Br.), and dimensionless irradiation time (defined as Fo). Dependence of Fo on Nk and Bi has been observed by experiment, and the results have been compared with the numerical results obtained by solving a 2-dimensional conduction equation. Fo and explosion depth (from the surface to the point of maximun temperature) are increased when Nk and Bi are increased.To find out the minimum laser power for explosive evaporative removal process, steady state analysis has been also made. The limit of Nk to induce evaporative removal, which is proportional to the inverse of the laser power, has been obtained. 30622 T00401030622 ^x N1 and N2 gross neural action potentials were measured from the round window of the guinea pig cochlea at the onset of the acoustic stimuli. N1-N2 audiograms were made by means of regulating stimulant intensities in order to produce constant N1-N2 potentials as criteria for different input tone pip frequencies. The lowest threshold was measured with an input tone pip I5 dB SPL in intensity and 12 KHz in frequency when the animal was in normal physiological condition. The procedure of experimental measurements is explained in detail. This experimental approach is very useful for the investigation of the Cochlear function. Both noN1inear and active functions of the Cochlea can be monitored by N1-N2 audiograms. 30623 T00401030623 ^x In electrical impedance tomography(EIT), we use boundary current and voltage measurements toprovide the information about the cross-sectional distribution of electrical impedance or resistivity. One of the major problems in EIT has been the inaccessibility of internal voltage or current data in finding the internal impedance values. We propose a new image reconstruction method using internal current density data measured by NMR. We obtained a two-dimensional current density distribution within a phantom by processing the real and imaginary MR images from a 4.77 NMR machine. We implemented a resistivity mage reconstruction algorithm using the finite element method and sensitivity matrix. We presented computer simulation results of the mage reconstruction algorithm and furture direction of the research. 30624 T00401030624 ^x A new method of digital image analysis technique for discrimination of cancer cell was presented in this paper. The object image was the Thyroid eland cells image that was diagnosed as normal and abnormal (two types of abnormal: follicular neoplastic cell, and papillary neoplastic cell), respectively. By using the proposed region segmentation algorithm, the cells were segmented into nucleus. The 16 feature parameters were used to calculate the features of each nucleus. A9 a consequence of using dominant feature parameters method proposed in this paper, discrimination rate of 91.11% was obtained for Thyroid Gland cells. 30625 T00401030625 ^x An electrical stimulator was designed to induce locomotion for paraplegic patients caused by central nervous system injury. Optimal stimulus parameters, which can minimize muscle fatigue and can achieve effective muscle contraction were determined in slow and fast muscles in Sprague-Dawley rats. Stimulus patterns of our stimulator were designed to simulate electromyographic activity monitored during locomotion of normal subjects. Muscle types of the lower extremity were classified according to their mechanical property of contraction, which are slow muscle (msoleus m.) and fast muscle (medial gastrocneminus m., rectus femoris m., vastus lateralis m.). Optimal parameters of electrical stimulation for slow muscles were 20 Hz, 0.2 ms square pulse. For fast muscle, 40 Hz, 0.3 ms square pulse was optimal to produce repeated contraction. Higher stimulus intensity was required when synergistic muscles were stimulated simultaneously than when they were stimulated individually. Electrical stimulation for each muscle was designed to generate bipedal locomotion, so that individual muscles alternate contraction and relaxation to simulate stance and swing phases. Portable electrical stimulator with 16 channels built in microprocessor was constructed and applied to paraplegic patients due to lumbar cord injury. The electrical stimulator restored partially gait function in paraplegic patients. 30626 T00401030626 ^x Two-Dimensional modelling of the Cochlear biomechanics is presented in this paper. The Laplace partial differential equation which represents the fluid mechanics of the Cochlea has been transformed into two-dimensional electrical transmission line. The procedure of this transformation is explained in detail. The comparison between one and two dimensional models is also presented. This electrical modelling of the basilar membrane (BM) is clearly useful for the next approach to the further. Development of active elements which are essential in the producing of the sharp tuning of the BM. This paper shows that two-dimension model is qualitatively better than one-dimensional model both in amplitude and phase responses of the BM displacement. The present model is only for frequency response. However because the model is electrical, the two-dimensional transmission line model can be extended to time response without any difficult. 30627 T00401030627 ^x A method has been proposed for the fully automatic detection of left ventricular endocardial boundary in 2D short axis echocardiogram using geometric model. The procedure has the following three distinct stages. First, the initial center is estimated by the initial center estimation algorithm which is applied to decimated image. Second, the center estimation algorithm is applied to original image and then best-fit elliptic model estimation is processed. Third, best-fit boundary is detected by the cost function which is based on the best-fit elliptic model. The proposed method shows effective result without manual intervention by a human operator. 30628 T00401030628 ^x The intelligent trajectory control method that controls moving direction and average velocity for a prosthetic arm is proposed by pattern recognition and force estimations using EMG signals. Also, we propose the real time trajectory planning method which generates continuous accelleration paths using 3 stage linear filters to minimize the impact to human body induced by arm motions and to reduce the muscle fatigue. We use combination of MLP and fuzzy filter for pattern recognition to estimate the direction of a muscle and Hogan's method for the force estimation. EMG signals are acquired by using a amputation simulator and 2 dimensional joystick motion. The simulation results of proposed prosthetic arm control system using the EMf signals show that the arm is effectively followed the desired trajectory depended on estimated force and direction of muscle movements. 30638 T00401030638 ^x A new neural network architecture for the recognition of patterns from images is proposed, which is partially based on the results of physiological studies. The proposed network is composed of multi-layers and the nerve cells in each layer are connected by spatial filters which approximate receptive fields in optic nerve fields. In the proposed method, patterns recognition for complicated images is carried out using global features as well as local features such as lines and end-points. A new generating method of matched filers representing global features is proposed in this network. 30659 T00401030659 ^x An implementation scheme of the magnetic nerve stimulator using a switching mode power supply is proposed. By using a switching mode power supply rather than a conventional linear power supply for charging high voltage capacitors, the weight and size of the magnetic nerve stimulator can be considerably reduced. Maximum output voltage of the developed magnetic nerve stimulator using the switching mode power supply is 3,000 volts and switching time is about 100 msec. Experimental results or human nerve stimulations using the developed stimulator are presented. 30768 T00401030768 ^x In this paper, we describe the design methodology and specifications of the developed module-based bedside monitors for patient monitoring. The bedside monitor consists of a main unit and module cases with various parameter modules. The main unit includes a 12.1" TFT color LCD, a main CPU board, and peripherals such as a module controller, Ethernet LAN card, video card, rotate/push button controller, etc. The main unit can connect at maximum three module cases each of which can accommodate up to 7 parameter modules. They include the modules for electrocardiograph, respiration, invasive blood pressure, noninvasive blood pressure, temperature, and SpO2 with Plethysmograph.