• Title/Summary/Keyword: equivalent uniaxial

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Effect of Friction Coefficient on the Small Punch Creep Behavior of AISI 316L Stainless Steel (AISI 316L스테인리스강의 소형펀치 크리프 거동에 미치는 마찰계수의 영향)

  • Kim, Bum-Joon;Cho, Nam-Hyuck;Kim, Moon-K;Lim, Byeong-Soo
    • Korean Journal of Metals and Materials
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    • v.49 no.7
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    • pp.515-521
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    • 2011
  • Small punch creep testing has received attention due to the convenience of using smaller specimens than those of conventional uniaxial creep tests, which enables creep testing on developing or currently operational components. However, precedent studies have shown that it is necessary to consider friction between the punch and specimen when computing uniaxial equivalent stress from a finite element model. In this study, small punch creep behaviors of AISI 316L stainless steel, which is widely used in high temperature-high pressure machineries, have been compared for the two different ceramic balls such as $Si_3N_4$ and $Al_2O_3$. The optimal range of the friction coefficient is 0.4~0.5 at $650^{\circ}C$ for the best fit between experimental and simulation data of AISI 316 L stainless steel. The higher the friction coefficient, the longer the creep rupture time is. Therefore, the type of ceramic ball used must be specified for standardization of small punch creep testing.

A new finite element procedure for fatigue life prediction of AL6061 plates under multiaxial loadings

  • Tarar, Wasim;Herman Shen, M.H.;George, Tommy;Cross, Charles
    • Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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    • v.35 no.5
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    • pp.571-592
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    • 2010
  • An energy-based fatigue life prediction framework was previously developed by the authors for prediction of axial, bending and shear fatigue life at various stress ratios. The framework for the prediction of fatigue life via energy analysis was based on a new constitutive law, which states the following: the amount of energy required to fracture a material is constant. In the first part of this study, energy expressions that construct the constitutive law are equated in the form of total strain energy and the distortion energy dissipated in a fatigue cycle. The resulting equation is further evaluated to acquire the equivalent stress per cycle using energy based methodologies. The equivalent stress expressions are developed both for biaxial and multiaxial fatigue loads and are used to predict the number of cycles to failure based on previously developed prediction criterion. The equivalent stress expressions developed in this study are further used in a new finite element procedure to predict the fatigue life for two and three dimensional structures. In the second part of this study, a new Quadrilateral fatigue finite element is developed through integration of constitutive law into minimum potential energy formulation. This new QUAD-4 element is capable of simulating biaxial fatigue problems. The final output of this finite element analysis both using equivalent stress approach and using the new QUAD-4 fatigue element, is in the form of number of cycles to failure for each element on a scale in ascending or descending order. Therefore, the new finite element framework can provide the number of cycles to failure at each location in gas turbine engine structural components. In order to obtain experimental data for comparison, an Al6061-T6 plate is tested using a previously developed vibration based testing framework. The finite element analysis is performed for Al6061-T6 aluminum and the results are compared with experimental results.

Prediction of Biaxial Strength and Fatigue Life using the Concept of Equivalent Strength (등가강도 개념에 의한 탄소섬유 복합재료의 이축강도 및 피로수명 예측)

  • 이창수;황운봉
    • Composites Research
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    • v.12 no.2
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    • pp.53-61
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    • 1999
  • A failure criterion must be considered in each failure mode and loading condition to provide easy determining strength parameters, flexibility and rational simplicity. In this study, new failure criterion was developed by introducing equivalent strength under biaxial loading of tension and torsion. The experimental results showed that the equivalent biaxial strength has a power law relation with respect to a parameter, cos($tan^{-1}R_b$). Failure strength under biaxial loadings could be predicted as a function of tensile strength, torsional strength and biaxial ratio. The scattering of experimental data could be predicted using a Weibull distribution function and the concept of equivalent biaxial strength. Also, in this study, a fatigue theory was developed based on a plane stress model which enabled the S-N curve for combined stress states to be predicted from the S-N data for uniaxial loading. The prediction models can be predicted a biaxial strength and fatigue life of general laminated composite naterials under multi-axial loadings.

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Evaluation of Performance of Artificial Neural Network based Hardening Model for Titanium Alloy Considering Strain Rate and Temperature (티타늄 합금의 변형률속도 및 온도를 고려한 인공신경망 기반 경화모델 성능평가)

  • M. Kim;S. Lim;Y. Kim
    • Transactions of Materials Processing
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    • v.33 no.2
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    • pp.96-102
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    • 2024
  • This study addresses evaluation of performance of hardening model for a titanium alloy (Ti6Al4V) based on the artificial neural network (ANN) regarding the strain rate and the temperature. Uniaxial compression tests were carried out at different strain rates from 0.001 /s to 10 /s and temperatures from 575 ℃ To 975 ℃. Using the experimental data, ANN models were trained and tested with different hyperparameters, such as size of hidden layer and optimizer. The input features were determined with the equivalent plastic strain, strain rate, and temperature while the output value was set to the equivalent stress. When the number of data is sufficient with a smooth tendency, both the Bayesian regulation (BR) and the Levenberg-Marquardt (LM) show good performance to predict the flow behavior. However, only BR algorithm shows a predictability when the number of data is insufficient. Furthermore, a proper size of the hidden layer must be confirmed to describe the behavior with the limited number of the data.

Nonlinear FE Analysis of RC Shear Walls (철근콘크리트 전단벽의 비선형 유한요소해석)

  • 곽효경;김도연
    • Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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    • v.12 no.3
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    • pp.293-308
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    • 1999
  • 이 논문에서는 패널, 깊은 보 그리고 전단벽과 같이 평면응력상태하에 있는 철근콘크리트 구조물의 비선형 유한요소해석에 있어서의 직교이방성 콘크리트 구성 모델의 적용성을 보여준다. 등가의 일축 변형을 개념을 토대로 콘크리트의 구성 관계가 주변형률 축과 일치하고 하중이력에 따라 회전하는 직교하는 축에 대해 제시된다. 제안된 모델은 이축 압축응력상태와 인장-압축 응력상태에서 각각 압축강도의 증가와 인장 저항력의 감소효과를 보여주는 이축 파괴영역의 정의를 포함한다. 인장균열이 발생한 후, 콘크리트의 압축강도의 감소효과가 제시되고, 인장강화효과로 알려진 철근에 의해 지지되는 콘크리트의 인장응력이 고려된다. 평균응력과 평균변형률 개념을 사용하여 힘의 평형, 적합조건 그리고 철근과 철근을 둘러싼 콘크리트 사이의 부착응력-슬림 관계를 토대로 인장강화효과를 모사하기 위한 모델이 제안된다. 유한요소 모델에 의한 예측은 유용한 실험자료와의 비교에 의해 입증된다. 이 논문에서는 해석결과와 이상화한 전단 패널실험으로부터 얻어진 실험값의 비교연구가 수행되고, 제안된 모델의 타당성을 보여주기 위해 서로 다른 응력상태하의 전단 패널 보와 벽체의 힘-변위 관계를 평가하였다.

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Buckling characteristics and static studies of multilayered magneto-electro-elastic plate

  • Kiran, M.C.;Kattimani, S.C.
    • Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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    • v.64 no.6
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    • pp.751-763
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    • 2017
  • This article deals with the buckling behaviour of multilayered magneto-electro-elastic (MEE) plate subjected to uniaxial and biaxial compressive (in-plane) loads. The constitutive equations of MEE material are used to derive a finite element (FE) formulation involving the coupling between electric, magnetic and elastic fields. The displacement field corresponding to first order shear deformation theory (FSDT) has been employed. The in-plane stress distribution within the MEE plate existing due to the enacted force is considered to be equivalent to the applied in-plane compressive load in the pre-buckling range. The same stress distribution is used to derive the potential energy functional. The non-dimensional critical buckling load is accomplished from the solution of allied linear eigenvalue problem. Influence of stacking sequence, span to thickness ratio, aspect ratio, load factor and boundary condition on critical buckling load and their corresponding mode shape is investigated. In addition, static deflection of MEE plate under the sinusoidal and the uniformly distributed load has been studied for different stacking sequences and boundary conditions.

Constitutive Models for Final Stage Densification of Powder Compacts with Power-Law Creep Deformation (Power-law 크리프 변형을 따르는 분말 성형체의 말기 치밀화 모델)

  • Yang, Hoon-Chul;Kim, Ki-Tae
    • Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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    • v.28 no.7
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    • pp.930-939
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    • 2004
  • Constitutive models for final stage densification of metal powder compacts with power-law creep deformation were investigated. The constitutive models were implemented into a finite element program (ABAQUS) by using user subroutine CREEP and, from FEM results, useful densification curves were obtained when hydrostatic and uniaxial stress were applied to the powder compacts at various pressures and temperatures. Because the densification behavior varied as the constitutive models, the equivalent stress surface on each constitutive equation was investigated to analyze the difference of densification behavior.

Nonlinear Analysis of RC Panels under Cyclic Loadings (반복하중을 받는 철근콘크리트 판넬의 비선형 해석)

  • 곽효경;김도연
    • Proceedings of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute Conference
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    • 2000.10a
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    • pp.182-189
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    • 2000
  • This paper presents a simple and reliable constitutive model for predicting the nonlinear response of reinforced concrete subjected to general membrane loadings. Based on the concept of equivalent uniaxial strain, constitutive relations of concrete are presented in the axes of orthotropy. The behavior of cracked concrete is described by a system of orthogonal cracks, which follows the principal strain directions and rotates according to the loading history. Simple hysteretic rules defining the cyclic stress-strain curves of concrete and steel are used. In addition, the stiffness and strength degradation of cracked concrete is included in the formulation. Correlation studies between analytical results and experimental values from idealized shear panel tests are conducted with the objective to establish the validity of the proposed model.

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Cracking behavior of RC shear walls subject to cyclic loadings

  • Kwak, Hyo-Gyoung;Kim, Do-Yeon
    • Computers and Concrete
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    • v.1 no.1
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    • pp.77-98
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    • 2004
  • This paper presents a numerical model for simulating the nonlinear response of reinforced concrete (RC) shear walls subject to cyclic loadings. The material behavior of cracked concrete is described by an orthotropic constitutive relation with tension-stiffening and compression softening effects defining equivalent uniaxial stress-strain relation in the axes of orthotropy. Especially in making analytical predictions for inelastic behaviors of RC walls under reversed cyclic loading, some influencing factors inducing the material nonlinearities have been considered. A simple hysteretic stress-strain relation of concrete, which crosses the tension-compression region, is defined. Modification of the hysteretic stress-strain relation of steel is also introduced to reflect a pinching effect depending on the shear span ratio and to represent an average stress distribution in a cracked RC element, respectively. To assess the applicability of the constitutive model for RC element, analytical results are compared with idealized shear panel and shear wall test results under monotonic and cyclic shear loadings.

Assessment of the Corrosion Behavior of a Sintered Al-Cu-Mg Alloy in Aeronautical Environments as a Function of the Heat Treatment

  • Sanchez-Majado, S.;Torralba, J. M.;Jimenez-Morales, A.
    • Proceedings of the Korean Powder Metallurgy Institute Conference
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    • 2006.09a
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    • pp.549-550
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    • 2006
  • The corrosion performance of a powder metallurgical aluminum alloy in aeronautical environments was studied for both as sintered and heat treated states. Sintered samples were obtained by uniaxial pressing of an Al-Cu-Mg prealloyed powder followed by liquid phase sintering. The heat treatments applied were T4 and T6. Corrosion behaviour was assessed by means of potentiodynamic polarization. Results for the equivalent commercial wrought counterpart, AA2024-T3, are also presented for comparison. Similar corrosion performance was observed for both as sintered and AA2024-T3 samples, while corrosion resistance of the PM materials was improved by the heat treatment, especially in the T4 state.

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