• 한국기계가공학회지
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.22-30
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• 2011

This study analyzes harmonic vibration with natural frequency according to the configuration of damper clutch. In the case of double spring, equivalent stress at same direction of the revolution at inner and outer coil spring is over 30% as compared with at its opposite direction. Natural frequency or harmonic response with maximum deformation in case of the less coil pitch is below 3Hz as compared with in case of the more coil pitch. As the coil pitch of damper spring as the case 2 or 4 becomes smaller, its mass and deformation can be large. In these cases, spring constant and natural frequency become smaller. In the case 5 or 6 of double spring at natural vibration or harmonic response, the frequency becomes over 300Hz. As the result of this study is applied by the design of damper spring, the damage at its connected part is prevented and the durability can be predicted.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.341-360
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• 2003

The goal of this paper is to determine the eigenvalues of a uniform rectangular plate carrying any number of spring-damper-mass systems using an analytical-and-numerical-combined method (ANCM). To this end, a technique was presented to replace each "spring-damper-mass" system by a massless equivalent "spring-damper" system with the specified effective spring constant and effective damping coefficient. Then, the mode superposition approach was used to transform the partial differential equation of motion into the matrix equation, and the eigenvalues of the complete system were determined from the associated characteristic equation. To verify the reliability of the presented theory, all numerical results obtained from the ANCM were compared with those obtained from the conventional finite element method (FEM) and good agreement was achieved. Since the order of the property matrices for the equation of motion obtained from the ANCM is much lower than that obtained from the FEM, the CPU time required by the ANCM is much less than that by the FEM.

• 드라이브 ㆍ 컨트롤
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.87-96
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• 2020

In this study, a variable elasticity spring was applied to improve the pressure control precision of conventional relief valves. The equilibrium equation of the forces acting on the valve poppet was derived; it is demonstrated that matching the elastic rate of the pressure-adjusting coil spring to the equivalent elastic rate of the flow force improved the pressure override. The procedures that were used to design the variable elasticity spring are presented, and some applications of the variable elasticity spring are also introduced. Computer simulations were used to analyze three cases: a poppet-closed flow force structure, a poppet-open flow force structure with a constant elasticity spring, and a structure containing a variable elasticity spring. It is confirmed that the pressure control precision of the relief valve can be significantly improved upon by applying a variable elasticity spring to the poppet-open flow force structure.

• 한국기계가공학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.77-83
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• 2013

This paper presents the feasibility on the application of composite coil spring, which has great interest in the automobile industry. In order to obtain much lighter weight of the composite spring, it will be necessary to optimize the design variables such as fiber angles and diameter of coil, etc. First of all, mechanical properties were measured to consider the effects of FVR and ply angles for carbon fiber composite material. And the shear modulus with respect to ply angles were derived based on twisting angles calculated by torsional beam model. Next we determined the design parameters of composite coil spring, which has equivalent spring rate to the steel coil spring. In order to assess the proposed method, finite element model of the composite spring was developed and analysed to obtain the spring constant. The results showed that static spring rate of the composite spring was in a good agreement with that of steel spring.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2022

이 연구에서는 강재 스프링을 감쇠 장치로써 사용 가능성을 평가하기 위해서, 강재 스프링의 인장 및 반복하중 실험을 수행하였다. 주요 실험변수는 강재의 종류(SAE9254 및 SS275), 스프링상수(700 N/mm, 1,000 N/mm 및 1,400 N/mm) 및 SAE9254의 열처리 유·무이다. 인장 실험 결과, SAE9254로 제작된 강재 스프링의 설계 스프링상수와 측정 스프링상수의 비는 1.08 ~ 1.13이며, SS275로 제작된 강재 스프링의 설계 스프링상수와 측정 스프링상수의 비는 0.86 ~ 0.97로 측정되었다. 항복 이후 열처리 유·무에 따른 SAE9254로 제작된 스프링의 하중-변위 관계 기울기는 약 240 ~ 251 kN/mm 및 92 N/mm 이었으며, SS275로 제작된 스프링의 하중-변위 관계 기울기는 거의 0이었다. 반복하중 실험 결과에서 모든 실험체는 KDS 41 17 00 (2019)에서 요구하는 변위 의존형 감쇠 장치의 적합 조건인 변위 원점에서의 하중 조건, 최대변위에서 하중 조건 그리고 에너지 소산 능력 조건을 모두 만족하였다. 그리고 열처리 안 된 SAE9254 및 SS275로 제작된 강재 스프링의 등가 감쇠비는 열처리 된 SAE9254로 제작된 스프링에 비해 각각 약 2.8배 및 1.9배 높은 수준이었다.

• 한국생산제조학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.131-137
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• 2013

Gas springs have been widely used in motor vehicles as well as in most areas of industry. Instead of coil springs, these gas springs are easily operated to extrusion process or compression process the doors because $N_2$ gas with high pressure and oil are charged in tube. Gas spring sustain the constant elasticity change rate in the high reaction force and long stroke, and they have compact design, appearance and an excellent assembling ability to be mounted easily with any applicatory products. By means of these aspects, gas springs have been widely used in stead of coil springs in the over all industries. In this study, using acommonly used program, ANSYS, the basic research about the heat transfer and equivalent stress change of bimetal.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2000년도 춘계학술대회논문집
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• pp.251-256
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• 2000

This paper presents dynamic modeling and controller design of a tracked vehicle installed with the double-rod type ERSU(electro-rheological suspension unit). A 16 DOF(degree-of-freedom) model for the tracked vehicle is established by Lagrangian method. After showing the spring and damping characteristics of the proposed ERSU, equivalent 2 DOF 1/12 tracked vehicle model is then formulated by regarding the spring and viscous damping coefficients under the static state as constant values. A robust LSDP(loop-shaping design procedure) $H_{\infty}$ controller compensating spring and damping parameter variations is then designed in order to suppress unwanted vibration of the vehicle. The control responses such as vertical and pitch acceleration are presented in time domain.

• 소음진동
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• 제9권5호
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• pp.1019-1028
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• 1999

Free vibration characteristics of cantilevered laminated composite beams with a transverse non0propagating open carck are investigated. In the present analysis a special ply-angle distribution referred to as asymmetric stiffness configuration inducing the elastic coupling between chord-wise bending and extension is considered. The open crack is modelled as an equivalent rotational spring whose spring constant is calculated on the basis of fracture mechanics of composite material structures. Governing equations of a composite beam with a open crack are derived via Hamilton's Principle and Timoshenko beam theory encompassing transverse shear and rotary inertia effect. the effects of various parameters such as the ply angle, fiber volume fraction, crack depth, crack position and transverse shear on the free vibration characteristics of the beam with a crack is highlighted. The numerical results show that the natural frequencies obtained from Timoshenko beam theory are always lower than those from Euler beam theory. The presence of intrinsic cracks in anisotropic composite beams modifies the flexibility and in turn free vibration characteristics of the structures. It is revealed that non-destructive crack detection is possible by analyzing the free vibration responses of a cracked beam.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제66권7호
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• pp.1059-1065
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• 2017

In this paper, the energy harvester with a piezoelectric materials is modeled as the electric equivalent circuit, and performances of a standard DC method and a Parallel-SSHI method are verified through experiment under variable force and load conditions. Piezoelectric generator consists of mass, damper and spring constant, and it is modeled by electrical equivalent circuit with RLC components. Standard DC and Parallel-SSHI are used as power conversion methods, and standard DC consists of full-bridge rectifier and smoothing capacitor. Parallel-SSHI method is composed of L-C resonant circuit, zero-crossing detector and full-bridge rectifier. In case of simulation under $100k{\Omega}$ load condition, the harvested power is $500{\mu}W$ in Standard DC and $670{\mu}W$ in Parallel-SSHI, respectively. In experiment, the harvested power under $100k{\Omega}$ load condition is $420{\mu}W$ in standard DC and $602{\mu}W$ in Parallel-SSHI. Harvested power of Parallel-SSHI is improved by approximately 40% more than that of standard DC method.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.195-207
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• 2018

First-order reliability method (FORM) is enhanced based on the search direction using relaxed conjugate reliability (RCR) approach for the embedded nanocomposite beam under buckling failure mode. The RCR method is formulated using discrete conjugate map with a limited scalar factor. A dynamical relaxed factor is proposed to control instability of proposed RCR, which is adjusted using sufficient descent condition. The characteristic of equivalent materials for nanocomposite beam are obtained by micro-electro-mechanical model. The probabilistic model of nanocomposite beam is simulated using the sinusoidal shear deformation theory (SSDT). The beam is subjected to external applied voltage in thickness direction and the surrounding elastic medium is modeled by Pasternak foundation. The governing equations are derived in terms of energy method and Hamilton's principal. Using exact solution, the implicit buckling limit state function of nanocomposite beam is proposed, which is involved various random variables including thickness of beam, length of beam, spring constant of foundation, shear constant of foundation, applied voltage, and volume fraction of ZnO nanoparticles in polymer. The robustness, accuracy and efficiency of proposed RCR method are evaluated for this engineering structural reliability problem. The results demonstrate that proposed RCR method is more accurate and robust than the excising reliability methods-based FORM. The volume fraction of ZnO nanoparticles and the applied voltage are the sensitive variables on the reliable levels of the nanocomposite beams.