• Journal of the Microelectronics and Packaging Society
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2016

Nowadays, the importance of role of the international standardization keeps increasing substantially. We have already known that international standards have a huge impact on many companies, industries and nations. So far, it has been thought that standardizations are needed after the new products come into the market and are mass-produced in order to encourage the use of the products, systems and services. Standardization will make the products more safe, efficient, and environmentally friendly for the users. However, in these days, a paradigm of the standardization has been changed. International standard becomes a tool for dominating global market and is the most important ingredients of the competitiveness and economic progress of the nation and enterprises. Many countries like Japan, Germany and U.S. use the standardization as an effective method to dominate the market and monopolized the new technologies. Therefore, worldwide competition for the standardization of the new technology become fierce. Korea is leading the technology in semiconductor field. However, activities of international standardization are not sufficient. In order to boost the standardization activities in Korea from industry, academia, and research institute, this paper briefly introduce the international standard organization and some critical issues for next-generation semiconductor memory such as flexible semiconductor, automobile semiconductor and wearable devices.

• Advances in aircraft and spacecraft science
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• v.4 no.6
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• pp.651-677
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• 2017

For the past ten years' efforts have been made to introduce environmentally-friendly "green" electric-taxi and maneuvering airplane systems. The stated purpose of e-taxi systems is to reduce the taxiing fuel expenses, expedite pushback procedures, reduce gate congestion, reduce ground crew involvement, and reduce noise and air pollution levels at large airports. Airplane-based autonomous traction electric motors receive power from airplane's APU(s) possibly supplemented by onboard batteries. Using additional battery energy storages ads significant inert weight. Systems utilizing nose-gear traction alone are often traction-limited posing serious dispatch problems that could disrupt airport operations. Existing APU capacities are insufficient to deliver power for tractive taxiing while also providing for power off-takes. In order to perform comparative and objective analysis of taxi tractive requirements a "standard" taxiing cycle has been proposed. An analysis of reasonably expected tractive resistances has to account for steepest taxiway and runway slopes, taxiing into strong headwind, minimum required coasting speeds, and minimum acceptable acceleration requirements due to runway incursions issues. A mathematical model of tractive resistances was developed and was tested using six different production airplanes all at the maximum taxi/ramp weights. The model estimates the tractive force, energy, average and peak power requirements. It has been estimated that required maximum net tractive force should be 10% to 15% of the taxi weight for safe and expeditious airport movements. Hence, airplanes can be dispatched to move independently if the operational tractive taxi coefficient is 0.1 or higher.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.1783-1796
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to verify the formation of serious leisure experience for water sports mania using grounded theory method approach. Research participants were selected 6 water sports mania by reputational sampling method. Six participants who usually participated in water sports club were selected as research participants. The data for this study included participants' observation and in-depth interview. This study categorized the coding paradigm which was presented by using the findings derived from data as they were into casual condition, contextual element, central phenomenon, critical situation, mediative element, interaction, final result and core category to draw out the process of becoming a water sports mania and its significances. The results of were as follows. First, water sports mania recognized the environmentally safe pleasure and value. Second, water sports mania was in a race against myself. Third, water sports mania felt the social and environmental changes. Fourth, water sports mania was looking for alternative method. Fifth, water sports mania overcome physical limitations and liberation from fear of water. Lastly, water sports mania felt alive through the enthusiastic participation.

• The KSFM Journal of Fluid Machinery
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.19-24
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• 2016

Oil sands are a mixture of sand, clay, and a high-viscosity petroleum called bitumen. Steam-Assisted Gravity Drainage (SAGD) is the most viable and environmentally safe recovery technology for extracting bitumen. It extracts the viscosity-lowered bitumen by high pressure, high temperature steam injected into the bitumen reservoir. The steam is produced at the Central Processing Facility (CPF). Typically, more than 90% of the energy consumed in producing bitumen are used to generate the steam. Fuels are employed in the process, which cause economic and environmental problems. This paper explores the retrofit of heat exchanger network to reduce the usage of hot and cold utilities. The hot and cold utilities are reduced respectively 6% and 37.3% which in turn resulted in 5.3% saving of total annual cost by improving the existing heat exchanger network of the CPF.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.281-289
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• 2015

In sustainable viticulture, green manure represents a safe and non-polluting way to bring large quantities of organic matter into the soil. The cultivation of green manure crops plays an important role in soil quality and sustainability of agricultural system. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of green manure fertilization on yield and quality of the Campbell Early grape variety in the organic vineyard. Hairy vetch was the more productive green manure crop, yielding higher dry materials. Average yields of grape were significantly greater in hairy vetch+rye ($13.02ton\;ha^{-1}$) than nature weed ($11.65ton\;ha^{-1}$), respectively. The concentrations of total as well as individual anthocyanins were consistently higher with hairy vetch treatment compared with rye and nature weed, thus making the green manure cultivation is an environmentally friendly cultivation to increase the yield and anthocyanin contents in organic grape.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.95-107
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• 2000

The primary purpose of dredging work is to maintain navigational readiness and to increase environmental amenity, so that the dredging project which is composed of excavating, removing, transporting, storing and disposing dredged material must be carefully managed to insure that dredging works are completed in a cost-effective and environmentally safe manner. The most important point in dumping operations is an estimating and reducing the impacts of discharges at the dumping area. One of the most effective method for the reduction of ecological impacts at dumping area is using the schematic process composed of the sophisticated plan, precise work and predicting/reducing the impacts based on the numerical model and field observation. In this study, the numerical model is used to predict the near-field spatial fate and begavior of effluent discharged from Confined Dumping Facility(CDF) located near coastal area. To to this purpose, reappearing of tidal current was preceded. The model is then applied to Mokpo harbor, where capital dredging and maintenance dredging are conducted simultaneously and the CDF is under construction;. In the series of model case study, we found that the near-field behavior of effluent discharged from CDF was governed by the receiving water condition, outfall geometry, characteristics of efflent and CDF operating conditions.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.49-67
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• 1999

This paper focussed to find out the consumer appraisement and purchase consciousness on organically grown products since public pay more and more attention on organic food and market for organic products has been grown very rapidly. It is intended to deliver the necessary information at first time in Korea to the policy maker for environmentally sound agriculture, establishment for marketing strategy and consumer movement related with it. 66.2% of investigated consumer ever purchased the organic products, and they are inhabitant in apartment complex, belongs to high income group and eldly people, and used to buy frequently at 45.8%. For the reason why they choose the organic products ; 84.7% for health and safe, 48.6% for taste. But the reason why they not choose the organic products ; 56.7% for unconvenient to shop an organic food, 51.4% for expensiveness. On the purchasing the consumer mainly rely upon the certification label(67%), the marketing place(29.6%) and information and recommendation of shopkeeper(23.6%). Korean consumers intend to buy an organic products if variable products and crops are offered in the market and offered at reduced price. The group purchased intensively the organic goods appraise for an organic products positively, and group who do not express any careless intend never to purchase an organically grown products because of its high price. Consumer indicated the support policy and action program by government(69.2%), research & development on organic agriculture and its extension activity(48.8%) are necessary to stimulate an organic agriculture in Korea.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.53 no.3
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• pp.83-91
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• 2011

This study aimed to investigate the engineering and environmental characteristics of phosphogypsum-cement-soil mixtures composed of phosphogypsum, soil, and a small amount of cement was analysed on the basis of the unconfined compression test, the tensile strength test, the freezing and thawing test, the wetting and drying test, SEM and EDS analysis, XRD analysis and Leaching test. The specimens were manufactured with soil, cement and phosphogypsum. The cement contents was 10 %, and the phosphogypsum contents was 10, 20, 30, and 40 % by the weight of total dry soil. Each specimen was manufactured after curing at constant temperature and humidity room for 3, 7 and 28 days, after which the engineering characteristics of phosphogypsum-cement-soil mixtures were investigated using the unconfined compression test, the tensile strength test, the freezing and thawing test, the wetting and drying test. The basic data were presented for the application of phosphogypsum-cement-soil mixtures as construction materials. To investigate the environmental characteristics, leaching test was performed and the leaching test results were far below than of regulatory requirement of Waste Management Act in Korea. Therefore the results show that phosphogypsum is environmentally safe and can be used as construction materials in environmental aspect.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.105-112
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• 2018

This paper presents results of a compressive investigation conducted on weathered soil stabilized with ground bottom ash (GBA) and red mud (RM). The effects of water/binder ratio, RM/GBA ratio, chemical activator (NaOH and $Na_2SiO_3$) and curing time on unconfined compressive strength of stabilized soils were examined. The results show that the water/binder ratio of 1.2 is optimum ratio at which the stabilized soils have the maximum compressive strength. For 28 days of curing, the compressive strength of soils stabilized with alkali-activated GBA and RM varies between 1.5 MPa and 4.1 MPa. The addition of GBA, RM and chemical activators enhanced strength development and the rate of strength improvement was more significant at the later age than at the early age. The potential environmental impacts of stabilized soils were also assessed. The chemical property changes of leachate from stabilized soils were analyzed in terms of pH and concentrations of hazardous elements. The observation revealed that the soil mixture with ground bottom ash and red mud proved environmentally safe.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.39-45
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• 2011

The concepts of interior design work have set forward an aesthetic and functional proposition to be answered by those who design spaces. The available range of suitable materials for interior use appears to be almost inexhaustible in this day and age. Now a day, relatively new fields of study on environmental-friendly interior examine humans'innate affinity for health and explore its implications for architecture and the built environment. A growing field of research suggests that spaces' relationship to aesthetics and environment can either help or hinder their occupants' health and wellness, productivity, and even their creativity. This paper presents several examples of already built apartment houses in practice, and discusses the demand of users of the spaces for health and sustainable environment, deepening the relationship between newly-constructed spaces and the remodeled ones. The considerations to some new and contemporary materials from the aspect of healthy indoor architecture design are presented in this paper. Designers need to rethink the conventional and high-tech interior environment in apartment houses with respect to perceived air quality, material emissions, and odors. The future of interior design is oriented on light shapeable materials which are able to create a unique memorable atmosphere. The primary assignment in accepting recent materials and proceedings is our responsibility to creating proposals, that are mainly safe, hygienic and environmentally proper.