• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.69-84
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• 2020

Up to date, the majority research on the major landscape elements in organic farming has been mainly focused on the practice of seeking efficiency. The problem is that this type of study contributes to polluting the agricultural environment and damaging the ecological circulation system. As an alternative, there is a growing body of research on organic farming, but it is not widely applied that research on how to manage the landscape considering the scenic characteristics of farming villages practicing organic farming. Hence, in this paper we utilized landscape adjectives as a way to enhance the objectivity of the organic agricultural complex landscape assessment. More specifically, not only this study used a landscape image of an organic agricultural complex to identify a landscape adjective suitable for the landscape elements but also this study confirmed the suitability of landscape adjectives comparing to the opinions of experts and the public. To carry out, this study performed the experts survey which is composed of 12 major landscape elements, including rice paddies and fields, monoculture and diverse crops, dirt roads, windbreak trees, accent planting, dum-bung(small pond), natural small river, natural waterways, plastic film houses, one-storied houses, and pavilion. As a result of deriving the landscape adjectives from the main landscape elements, there were nine landscape adjectives that were consistent with experts and the public, including "clear" and "Artless" for rice paddies and fields, while the mismatched landscape adjectives were 'traditional'. The accent planting was a combination of landscape adjectives such as 'natural' and 'clear', while the windbreak trees was a consensus of all landscape adjectives. Only two adjectives, 'friendly' and 'wild', agreed on the dirt load, nine dum-bung(small pond), ten natural small river, nine duckery, eight one-storied houses, 10 pavilion, eight monoculture and diverse crops, and three natural waterways. The most common landscape adjectives were windbreak trees, pavilions, and natural small river, all 10 landscape adjectives. However, it is considered that only three of the 10 landscape types on the dirt road and the natural number are matched. Thus, additional management measures will be needed. In addition, it was analyzed that the most common landscape adjectives were "Artless" and "friendly" 13 times. The landscape adjectives of the organic farming complex responded by experts were analyzed to be suitable for natural, clear, zingy, silent, traditional, artless, friendly, wild and Leisurely, and consistent with the general public's opinion.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.97-136
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• 1995

Recendtly an organic agricultured in Korea is getting a public attention not only for minimizing NO3- contamination of groundwater but also for producing of quility of agricultural products. But still there is not Basic Standards for Organic Agriculture in Korea and Japan since they just believe organic agriculture is one kind of the environmental friendly sustainable agriculture as written in western literature. In the paper it was discussed the core skills and doctrine of IFOAM Basic Standards compare to Korean Organic Farming Method in oder to point out thed disadvantages of overuse of organic fertilizer, 50-150MT/㏊ in each cultivation, intensive monocropping in glass-house without any rotation & legume, and without any green manure. Most korean or-ganic farmer believe that the more they apply organic fertilizer, the better they pro-duce high quility of crops and they practise organic agriculture completely. It was also suggested the overuse of organic fertilizer cause the accumulation of NO3- in rhizosphere and subsequently it might lead to drinkwater pollution by nitrate leaching. In conclusion it is suggested that for successful establishment of organic agriculture, The Association of Korean Organic Agriculture, The Society of Korean Organic Agri-culture and the certification body should be developed the Basic Standards which is acceptable by IFOAM Basic Standards.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.51-66
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• 2002

It is almost impossible to aggregate environment-related information, simply because it is vast. Therefore, Recently, the development of an environmental index is attracting the attention in Korea and other nations, since it is taken to be useful for legislating environmental policies. When it comes to the development of an environmental index, the first necessary step is to organize environmental information by using an accounting framework that manifests outstanding consistency and inclusiveness. And then, this organized environmental information should be appropriately used, whenever required. Compared to these movements, it is necessary to point out that the environmental accounts in the agricultural section still suffer from numerous problems that need to be solved. According1y, this dissertation suggests and considers at least the following three matters. First of all, an integrated index evaluation method should be developed, taking domestic and foreign movements into consideration at the time of conducting the environmental evaluation. Secondly, a master plan for the environmental accounts should be developed for the agricultural sector. And thirdly and finally, problems and solutions incurred during the process of performing the aforementioned tasks need to be examined in detail.

• 한국CDE학회논문집
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.387-397
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• 2012

The world has faced with various environmental problems such as climatic change, global pollution, and depletion of natural resources. Conventional economic development continues not only to intensify the magnitude of the problems but also to damage growth potential of future generations. Therefore, recent manufacturers are highly required to accommodate themselves to sustainable development that aims at preventing the loss to the future generations. Moreover, the manufacturers are under heavy pressure from various environmental regulations. This paper proposes green bill of material (Green-BOM) which conforms to the environmental regulations to restructure eco-friendly manufacturing system. Green-BOM is useful for managing green product and process information to satisfy several environmental regulations by recording energy consumption, recycle rate, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), substance information, and so on.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2011

BACKGROUND: With increasing public awareness to environment-friendly agriculture, many efforts have been run to develop organic farming technologies in Korea as of late 90s. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of different organic farming practices on soil chemical properties and water quality in paddy fields. METHODS AND RESULTS: Total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) were monitored for a two-year period (2006 to 2007) from the study organic paddy fields located in Wan-ju, Jeonbuk Province in Korea. TN and TP of organic paddy water were gradually increased for 2~3 weeks after organic manure application and then gradually decreased afterward. The overall variation of TP in the paddy fields was much greater than that of TN. The phosphorus content in organic paddy field appeared to increase with the organic farming period. CONCLUSION(s): This indicates that long-term organic farming is likely to cause phosphorus accumulation in soils and increase vulnerability to rainfall runoff. Thus, appropriate phosphorus management needs to be implemented, particularly, to reduce excessive phosphorus supply owing to nitrogen-based determination of organic manure application amount.

• 한국자원식물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국자원식물학회 2023년도 임시총회 및 춘계학술대회
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• pp.16-16
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• 2023

Metabolomics is the study of global metabolite profiles in a system (cell, tissue, or organism) under a given set of conditions. Metabolomics has its roots in early metabolite profiling studies but is now a rapidly expanding area of scientific research in its own right. In this study, the applications of metabolomics in natural product studies are explored. Ginseng is a well-known herbal medicine and has various pharmacological effects, which include antiaging, anticancer, antifatigue, memory enhancing, immunomodulatory, and stress reducing effects. Metabolomic analysis of organic acids has not been performed for evaluation whether ginseng has been cultivated using conventional or environmental-friendly farming methods. In this study, profiling analysis was conducted for organic acids (OAs) in ginseng roots produced using conventional or environmentfriendly farming methods at five locations in each of five regions. In OA profiles, lactic acid was the most abundant OA in all regions, with the exception for environmentally friendly farmed ginseng in two of the five regions, in which glycolic acid was most abundant OA. OA profiles in all regions showed isocitric acid levels were increased by environment-friendly cultivation, which suggests metabolic differences associated from farming method, and that isocitric acid might be a useful discriminatory biomarker of environmental-friendly and conventional cultivation. The results of the present study suggest metabolomic studies of OAs in ginseng roots might be useful for monitoring whether ginseng has been cultivated using conventional or environmentally friendly farming methods.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제50권3호
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• pp.479-488
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• 2023

As the interest in sustainable and environmentally friendly agriculture continues to grow, there is a corresponding increase in organic fertilizers utilization. However, studies on ammonia (NH₃) emissions, which are primarily generated in the agricultural sector, by organic fertilizers are lacking. Additionally, the reliance on imported ingredients in the production of organic fertilizers hinders the widespread adoption of organic fertilizers. This study aims to evaluate NH₃ volatilization by incorporating rice husk biochar into organic fertilizers. The study also aims to assess whether domestically produced rice husk biochar can serve as a viable substitute for imported ingredients. Here, the dynamic chamber method was used under controlled conditions. Results show that inorganic fertilizers readily undergo hydrolysis, thereby rapidly generating significant amounts of NH₃, particularly in the initial stages. In contrast, organic fertilizers decompose gradually, leading to relatively long-term NH₃ emissions. The incorporation of rice husk biochar into organic fertilizers demonstrated diminished daily NH₃ emissions compared to those from commercial organic fertilizers, resulting in decreased total NH₃ volatilization. These findings show that the combination of rice husk biochar can reduce NH₃ volatilization and serve as an alternative to imported ingredients for organic fertilizers. The results of this study can be utilized as fundamental information for the assessment of biochar as a potential ingredient for organic fertilizers.

• 한국유기농업학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국유기농학회 2009년도 하반기 학술대회
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• pp.285-285
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• 2009

벼 유기재배에 있어서 녹비작물을 이용하여 화학비료를 대신하고 있으나 녹비를 이용하기 위해서는 월동 전에 파종하고 이듬해 벼 이앙 전에 토양에 환원을 해야 하는 번거로움이 있다. 따라서 벼 재배 직전에 유기자재를 이용하여 화학비료를 대신하고자 했을 경우 유기자재를 전층시비와 표층시비의 차이에 따른 토양중의 이화학적 특성과 벼의 수량특성의 변화를 구명하였다. 벼 유기재배시 토양양분공급용으로 이용되고 있는 유기자재 4종을 공시하여 유기자재의 질소 성분량(7kg/10a)을 기준으로 하여 이앙 20일전에 시비방법별로 전층시비와 표층시비 2처리로 구분하여 전량 기비시비하고 경운한 다음 동진1호를 시험품종으로 하여 2년 연속 시비처리와 벼를 재배하면서 일어나는 토양의 이화학적 특성과 벼 생육 및 특성의 변화를 시기별로 조사하였다. 시험 전 토양의 화학성은 표층시비구의 염류농도, 가리와 석회의 함량이 다소 높아서 염류농도가 전층 시비구 보다 높은 조건의 토양이었다. 유기자재별 무기화 정도는 전층시비보다 표층시비를 할 때 약 20~30일 정도 빨랐다. 토양 중의유기물 잔존함량은 시비방법간의 큰 차이는 없었으나 표층시비를 할 경우 후기로 갈수록 다소 증가되는 경향이었으나, 전질소 잔존함량은 감소되었다. 토양 액상과 공극율은 전층시비>표층시비였으며, 입단 형성력도 같은 경향이었다. 토양 효소활성은 PME의 활성은 유기자재를 전층처리하였을 때 촉진되었으며, $\beta$-Glucosidase의 활성은 전층보다 표층처리시 활성이 높았다. 시비방법에 따른 벼의 수량 특성은 시비방법별로는 표층시비를 할 경우 전층시비보다 4~7%의 높은 특성을 보였으며, 관행대비 1년차에는 3~9%의 낮았으나, 2년 연속처리를 할 경우 대조구와 비슷해 지는 경향이었다.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.27-54
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• 2001

This paper aims to provide a basic framework to make a regional plan for the environment-friendly agriculture. To prepare the regional plan is mandated by the Environment-friendly Agriculture Promotion Act of 1998. Here is proposed the input/output analysis framework, which includes the shifts of fertilizers, herbicides, pesticides, and livestock manures Basically, the discharged amount of polluted elements means the difference between the amount of the elements entered into the crop and livestock sectors and the amount of the elements absorbed or used by the crop and/or livestock. A few suggestions are offered for better regional environment-friendly agricultural plan. The foremost important thing is to establish a data collection system. The \"Green Accounting System\" is suggested. It is also crucial to create a standard guideline or manual which Provides detailed procedures to follow in making the plan by the local planners. More fundamentally, many experts on the regional planning will be demanded in the near future. Some compound model which links, for instance, the forestry, the livestock sector, and the crop sector, needs to be devised. Finally, it is argued here that more elaborated model will work as an integrated environmental improvement plan which embraces living environment as well as agricultural environment.vironment.

• 접착 및 계면
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.12-18
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• 2006

산업과 기술이 발전하면서 점점 더 향상된 기능과 성능이 우수한 접착제를 요구하고 있다. 고무수지의 장점, viscoelastic 한 점을 이용하고 단점을 보완하기 위하여 반구조 형태의 점착 접착제를 개발하였다. 또 용매를 이용하지 않아 요즈음에 문제가 되는 환경에도 부담을 줄이는 친환경성 점착제라 할 수 있다. 한편에 epoxy functional group과 다른 한편에 hydroxyl functional group을 함유하고 있는 poly(ethylene/butylene)과 한편에 hydroxyl functional group를 가지고 있는 poly(ethylene/butylene)에 UV 개시제를 이용하여 interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) 구조를 형성하고 여기에 점착 부여 수지로써 hydrocarbon resin을 첨가하여 고온에서 고무 수지가 갖고 있는 단점을 보완하였다.