• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제17권5호
• /
• pp.2499-2506
• /
• 2016

Background: Gastric cancer (GC) is the second leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Several environmental, genetic and epigenetic factors have been suggested to have a role in GC development. Epigenetic mechanisms like histone changes and promoter hyper-methylation are now being increasingly studied. Associations between methylation of many gene promoters with the risk of gastric cancer have been investigated worldwide. Such aberrant methylation may result in silencing of specific genes related to cell cycling, cell adhesion, apoptosis and DNA repair. Thus this molecular mechanism might have a key role in proliferation and migration of cancerous cells. Materials and Methods: In this review article we included studies conducted on DNA methylation and gastric cancer in Iranian populations. Using Science direct, Pubmed/PMC, Springer, Wiley online library and SciELO databases, all published data until 31 January 2016 were gathered. We also searched Science direct data base for similar investigations around the world to make a comparison between Iran and other countries. Results: By searching these databases, we found that the association between methylation of seven gene promoters and gastric cancer had been studied in Iran until 31 January 2016. These genes were p16, hLMH1, E-cadherin, CTLA4, $THR{\beta}$, mir9 and APC. Searching in science direct database also showed that 92 articles had been published around the world till January 2016. Our investigation revealed that despite the importance of GC and its high prevalence in Iran, the methylation status of only a few gene promoters has been studied so far. More studies with higher sample numbers are needed to reveal the relation of methylation status of gene promoters to gastric cancer in Iran. Conclusions: Further studies will be helpful in identifying associations of DNA methylation in candidate genes with gastric cancer risk in Iranian populations.

• 한국해양바이오학회지
• /
• 제12권1호
• /
• pp.1-10
• /
• 2020

Asthma is a complex inflammatory disease of the lung characterized by variable airflow obstruction, airway hyperresponsiveness, airway inflammation, and reduction of respiratory function. Its prevalence and incidence are increasing because of the effect of various environmental and lifestyle risk factors. Steroid inhalation, long-acting agonists, and other synthetic drugs are used for the treatment of this disease. However, they have some side effects and show unsatisfied result and response after treatment. Therefore, many researchers have focused on the development of natural product-related treatment for asthma to suppress the side effects and unsatisfied results. Seaweeds contain various bioactive compounds with anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and anti-oxidant activities. Thus, we investigated the asthma treatment-related literature using marine algae via the Google scholar search engine. Consequently, the literature is rarely investigated, but is increasing steadily. The literature was performed as a comparison study with an ovalbumin-induced group or drug-treated group, and investigated the antiasthma activity of algae ethanol extract. Although many researchers have studied marine algae-derived therapeutic agents for asthma, the amount of literature is rare compared with those of herbal medicine-derived therapeutic agents. Conclusively, we suggest that many researchers should investigate and develop algae-derived therapeutic agents for asthma treatment.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
• /
• 제41권1호
• /
• pp.51-59
• /
• 2016

Purpose: This study examined the performance of two spectroscopy methods and multivariate classification methods to discriminate viable pepper seeds from their non-viable counterparts. Methods: A classification model for viable seeds was developed using partial least square discrimination analysis (PLS-DA) with Fourier transform near-infrared (FT-NIR) and Raman spectroscopic data in the range of $9080-4150cm^{-1}$ (1400-2400 nm) and $1800-970cm^{-1}$, respectively. The datasets were divided into 70% to calibration and 30% to validation. To reduce noise from the spectra and compare the classification results, preprocessing methods, such as mean, maximum, and range normalization, multivariate scattering correction, standard normal variate, and $1^{st}$ and $2^{nd}$ derivatives with the Savitzky-Golay algorithm were used. Results: The classification accuracies for calibration using FT-NIR and Raman spectroscopy were both 99% with first derivative, whereas the validation accuracies were 90.5% with both multivariate scattering correction and standard normal variate, and 96.4% with the raw data (non-preprocessed data). Conclusions: These results indicate that FT-NIR and Raman spectroscopy are valuable tools for a feasible classification and evaluation of viable pepper seeds by providing useful information based on PLS-DA and the threshold value.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
• /
• 제30권4호
• /
• pp.384-396
• /
• 2014

Vegetative compatibility groups (VCGs) are determined for many fungi to test for the ability of fungal isolates to undergo heterokaryon formation. In several fungal plant pathogens, isolates belonging to a VCG have been shown to share significantly higher genetic similarity than those of different VCGs. In this study we sought to examine the relationship between VCG and genetic similarity of an important cool season turfgrass pathogen, Sclerotinia homoeocarpa. Twenty-two S. homoeocarpa isolates from the Midwest and Eastern US, which were previously characterized in several studies, were all evaluated for VCG using an improved nit mutant assay. These isolates were also genotyped using 19 microsatellites developed from partial genome sequence of S. homoeocarpa. Additionally, partial sequences of mitochondrial genes cytochrome oxidase II and mitochondrial small subunit (mtSSU) rRNA, and the atp6-rns intergenic spacer, were generated for isolates from each nit mutant VCG to determine if mitochondrial haplotypes differed among VCGs. Of the 22 isolates screened, 15 were amenable to the nit mutant VCG assay and were grouped into six VCGs. The 19 microsatellites gave 57 alleles for this set. Unweighted pair group methods with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) tree of binary microsatellite data were used to produce a dendrogram of the isolate genotypes based on microsatellite alleles, which showed high genetic similarity of nit mutant VCGs. Analysis of molecular variance of microsatellite data demonstrates that the current nit mutant VCGs explain the microsatellite genotypic variation among isolates better than the previous nit mutant VCGs or the conventionally determined VCGs. Mitochondrial sequences were identical among all isolates, suggesting that this marker type may not be informative for US populations of S. homoeocarpa.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
• /
• 제56권1호
• /
• pp.75-79
• /
• 2018

Adult specimens of Echinostoma ilocanum (Garrison, 1908) Odhner, 1911 (Trematoda: Echinostomatidae) were recovered from 2 riparian people who resided along the Mekong River in Savannakhet Province, Lao PDR. In fecal examinations done by the Kato-Katz technique, they revealed echinostome eggs together with eggs of Opisthorchis viverrini (and minute intestinal fluke eggs) and hookworms. To recover the adult flukes, they were treated with praziquantel 30-40 mg/kg in a single dose and purged with magnesium salts. A total of 658 adult fluke specimens were recovered from the 2 people; 456 from case 1 and 202 from case 2. Specimens from case 1 consisted of 335 echinostomes (301 E. ilocanum and 34 species undetermined), 120 O. viverrini, and 1 Haplorchis taichui, and those from case 2 consisted of 36 E. ilocanum, 134 O. viverrini, and 32 H. taichui. Thus, the number of E. ilocanum specimens was 337 in total (average per person, 168.5). From this study, it is suggested that foodborne intestinal flukes and liver flukes are highly prevalent along the Mekong River in Savannakhet Province. The present report describes for the first time human infections with E. ilocanum in Lao PDR.

• Journal of Microbiology
• /
• 제40권4호
• /
• pp.335-339
• /
• 2002

Partial sequences of 16S rRNA gene of five chroococcalian blue-green algal strains, Aphanothece nidulans KCTC AG10041, Aphanothece naegelii KCTC AG10042, Microcystis aeruginosa KCTC AG10159, Microcystis ichthyoblabe KCTC AG10160, and Microcystis viridis KCTC AG10198, which were isolated from water from the Geumgang River, were determined and were inferred their phylogenetic and taxonomic positions among taxa of order Chroococcales. Most taxa of Chroococcales whose partial 16S rRNA gene sequences were aligned in this study, are clustered with other related taxa. Aphanothece nidulans KCTC AG10041 and Aphanothece naegelii KCTC AG10042 made a cluster with other European species of these genera, which supported 100% of the bootstrap trees with a very high sequence similarity (97.4-99.4%) in this study. Three strains, Microcystis aeruginosa KCTC AG10159, M. ichthyoblabe KCTC AG10160, and M. viridis KCTC AG10198, formed a cluster with other Microcystis spp. supported 100 % of the bootstrap trees with a similarity of 97.0-99.9% except for two strains. However, this phylogentic tree made no resolution among the species of Microcystis spp. The topology of the tree reconfirmed the taxonomic status of three species of Microcystis, identified in this study based on the morphology, as three colonial types of Microcystis aeruginosa com. nov. Otsuka et al. (1999c). The genera of chroococcalian cyanophytes are heterogeneously clustered in these sequence analyses. We suggest that more molecular studies on the genera of Chroococcales with reference strains, widely collected from restricted geographic or environmental ranges, get accurate taxonomic or phylogenetic determinations.

• Journal of Microbiology
• /
• 제42권3호
• /
• pp.216-222
• /
• 2004

In a previous paper, the ogdH gene that encodes 2-oxoglutarat dehydrogenase was isolated from Salmonella typhimurium. The catalytic N-terminal region in the enzyme was found to be very specific for the Salmonella species. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to detect S. typhimurium in food sources using primers designed for OGDH-l and OGDH-2 which were based on the salmonella-specific region of the ogdH gene. A simple polymerase chain reaction (PCR) detection method was developed to detect low numbers of S. typhimurium in a chicken meat microbial consortium. Using the ogdH-specific primers under stringent amplification conditions and for gene probe analysis, fewer than 100 colony-forming units (CFUs) were detectable when pure cultures were employed. When the PCR assay was run on S. typhimurium-contaminated meat contents, only the positive meat samples containing as few as 200 CFUs reacted to the assay. The method employed for sample processing is simple and it was determined to provide a sensitive means of detecting trace amounts of S. typhimurium-specific sequences in the presence of mixed meat microbial populations. When compared with six representative intestinal gram-negative bacterial strains in foods, including Vibrio parahaemolyticus, V. vulnificus, Enterobacter cloacae, E. coli O157:H7, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Proteus sp., S. typhimurium had a unique and distinct PCR product (796 bp). In conclusion, the two OGDH primers were found to be rapid and sensitive detectors of Salmonella spp for the PCR method.

• 미생물학회지
• /
• 제47권3호
• /
• pp.179-187
• /
• 2011

고찰을 통해 난배양성 토양세균의 특징과 배양에 성공한 사례 및 성공하기 위해 알아야 될 지식들이 무엇인지에 대해 기술하였다. 먼저 배지는 목적한 세균이 토양에서 느리게 성장하다가 실험실의 빠른 성장조건으로 전환하도록 알맞게 선택되어야 하는데 일반적으로 기질, 질소 및 인 등의 농도를 낮게 조절해야 한다. 새로운 배지를 만들기 위해서는 분자생태학적 연구도 병행되어야 한다. 세균 세포 간 음성적 상호작용을 줄이기 위해 평판배양 시 접종량도 평판 당 세포수가 50개 이하로 조절해야 한다. pH나 염농도 같은 성장조건은 실제 환경조건과 맞춰야 하며 배양온도는 낮거나 다양하게 그리고 배양기간은 길게 잡아야 한다. 새로운 배지에서 분리될 수많은 토양 미생물 콜로니들 중에서 단지 몇 개만이 난배양성이므로 이들이 기존에 배양이 되지 않았던 미생물인지를 신속 정확히 검출하는 방법이 필요하다. 또한 많은 토양세균들이 군집 내에서 서로 협력하며 살아가기 때문에 공동배양이나 상등액을 이용해서 토양 미생물을 농화증식하고 이를 순수 분리하면 배양에 성공할 수 있을 것이다.

• Journal of Species Research
• /
• 제5권1호
• /
• pp.188-200
• /
• 2016

During recent screening to discover indigenous prokaryotic species in South Korea, a total of 31 bacterial strains assigned to the class Gammaproteobacteria were isolated from a variety of environmental samples including soil, tidal flat, freshwater, seawater, and plant roots. From the high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (>98.7%) and formation of a robust phylogenetic clade with the closest species, it was determined that each strain belonged to each independent and predefined bacterial species. There is no official report that these 31 species have been described in South Korea; therefore 5 species of 3 genera in the order Alteromonadales, 11 species of 3 genera in the order Pseudomonadales, 8 species of 6 genera in the order Enterobacteriales, 2 species of 1 genera in the order Vibrionales, 1 species of 1 genera in the order Oceanospirillales, 3 species of 3 genera in the order Xanthomonadales, and 1 species in the order Spongiibacter_o within the Gammaproteobacteia are reported for proteobacterial species found in South Korea. Gram reaction, colony and cell morphology, basic biochemical characteristics, isolation source, and strain IDs are also described in the species description section.

• Journal of Species Research
• /
• 제5권1호
• /
• pp.179-187
• /
• 2016

As a subset investigation to discover indigenous prokaryotic species in Korea, a total of 21 bacterial strains assigned to the class Betaproteobacteria were isolated from a wide range of environmental samples which collected from fresh water, roots of plants, mineral water and soil from ginseng farm. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that 21 isolated strains were most closely related to the class Betaproteobacteria, with high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (>99.1%) and constructed a robust phylogenetic clade with the closest species in the class Betaproteobacteria. These isolated species have no previous report or publication in Korea; therefore 17 species in 14 genera of 6 families in the order Burkholderiales, 1 species in the order Methylophilales, 2 species in 2 genera of 1 family in the order Neisseriales are reported for betaproteobacterial species found in Korea. Gram reaction, colony and cell morphology, basic biochemical characteristics, isolation source, and strain IDs are also described in the species description section and as an image.