• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.31-40
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• 1994

In the later part of 1980's, a great emphasis has been placed on the treatment issues of livestock wastes due to the continuous increase in consumption of livestock and meat products. Continued economic development for three decades has enhanced the nationally general level of life for the purpose of exit out of absolute poverty, thus accompanied with people's demand for a quality of environment beyond the traditional economic factors over times. Such an individual or collective demand for environment of life has been primarily focussed and argued on only rural environment in the early development periods. In perspective of clean water supply and security for urban area, however, it is more important to treat livestock wastes in the oriented-sustainable environment than in the conventional ways without working on environment degradation. Livestock wastes composed of the high-concentrated organic matter ought to be controlled and treated in sound ways, if not, which on one hand may result in pollution of underground water, surface water and a nasty smell, and on the other hand also may cause people to file a civil petition. Therefore on the research paper, reviewing occurrence of livestock waste and situation of treatment in details, through scrutinizing the government regulation and financing or subsidizing for it, author intends to find out the initiative of 'resourcefication' of treating of livestock wastes in the environmental soundness and efficiency

• Journal of Environmental Policy
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.95-124
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• 2009

This study aims to introduce greenhouse gas emission trading in Korea as a highly cost-effective mechanism for controlling emissions. The Basic Act on Low-Carbon Green Growth will cover methods of emissions allocation, national inventory, and trading systems (i.e. emissions trading platforms, national registry,and clearing and settlement platforms). The Korean emission scheme will be based on the Korean Climate Change Act proposed by the National Assembly and Government with a cap-and-trade scheme. The national allowances will be allocated by the hybrid system. To establish the national inventory, TRADEMARKS (Telemetering System) and emissions factors are effective for greenhouse gas emissions measurement. It will likewise be effective for the national registry to be implemented via a Korean Integrated Registry, the emissions trading platform via the KRX (Korean Exchange), and the clearing and settlement platform via the KSD (Korean Securities Depository). In other words, the KRX will manage product development and marketing for Korean Carbon Financial Instruments (including commodities, futures, and options contracts) listed and admitted to trading on the KRX. All emissions trades will be standardized and cleared by the KSD.

• Spatial Information Research
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.11-20
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• 2015

Abstract Monitoring is the most critical element in implementing "forest carbon offset project" to enhance the visibility of CSR (Corporate Social Responsibility) in North Korea. This study is intended to explore monitoring potential in terms of forest carbon offset project using satellite image for Baekdu mountain of North Korea. The permanent record of standard satellite remote sensing system demonstrated its capability of presenting area-wide visual evidences of monitoring conditions in Mt. Baekdu mountain of North Korea (site suitability, carbon stock by forest biomass growth, carbon emission by forest biomass loss, deforestation and degradation, environmental, social and economic impact specified in the Carbon Sequestration Law). It doesn't seem very difficult to comply with monitoring requirements for "the forest carbon offset project" due to the probative value of satellite data. Therefore, it could be considerable or realistic approach to utilize CSR based forest carbon offset project as a point of reform and open-door in North Korea. It is anticipated that this research output could be used as a valuable reference for Korea-based enterprises to ensure monitoring potentials using satellite image in exploring forest carbon offset project sites in North Korea.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea CI
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.95-101
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• 2008

Modeling of stock prices forecast has been considered as one of the most difficult problem to develop accurately since stock prices are highly correlated with various environmental conditions including economics and political situation. In this paper, we propose a agent system approach to predict Korea Composite Stock Price Index (KOSPI) using neural network and statistical methods. To minimize mean of prediction error and variation of prediction error, agent system includes sub-agent modules for feature extraction, variables selection, forecast engine selection, and forecasting results analysis. As a first step to develop agent system for KOSPI forecasting, twelve economic indices are selected from twenty two basic standard economic indices using principal component analysis. From selected twelve economic indices, prediction model input variables are chosen again using best-subsets regression method. Two different types data are tested for KOSPI forecasting and the Prediction results showed 11.92 points of root mean squared error for consecutive thirty days of prediction. Also, it is shown that proposed agent system approach for KOSPI forecast is effective since required types and numbers of prediction variables are time-varying, so adaptable selection of modeling inputs and prediction engine are essential for reliable and accurate forecast model.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.120-127
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• 2014

Currently Welfare is emphasized and the trend of SOC investment shows downwards slopping. The pattern of SOC investment also changes focusing on railroad as environmental issues are critical. This study analyzes and compares the effects of sectoral SOC investments based on Input-Output Tables published by BOK (Bank of Korea). The production inducement, value-added inducement, and employment inducement effects of each sector SOC, which consist of road, railroad, port, and airport, are investigated. First, in view production inducement, sectoral SOC investments have stronger economic effects than manufacture sector. The investment of port and road show the highest value-added inducement in construction process. The investment of road records the highest employment inducement in construction and operation process. The empirical ananlysis of regional economic effects, using Regional Input-Output Tables, supports these explanation showing almost same results. As synthesizing these results, the SOC stocks have to be invested consistently for long periods. Especially the road investment is inevitable for employment. Which sector of SOC is invested depends on circumstances. If government emphasizes production inducement, railroad is invested. If focuses on value-added inducement, port.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.388-405
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• 2009

This paper examines the triple helix innovation system in the Oresund food cluster, considered as one of the most competitive food clusters in the globe. The result of the case study represents that the triple helix system of the Oresund food cluster is composed of three layers of triple helix spaces. Such three triple helix spaces play a crucial role in making the industry-university-government relationships interactive and dynamic. First, knowledge spaces in the Oresund food cluster are very strong and competitive in education and R&D capabilities in related to the food sector. 14 universities in the Oresund region are connected and coordinated by the integrated organization body, called the Oresund University. Second, the Oresund Food Network(OFN), as a central consensus space in the Oresund food cluster, functions as a pivotal organization that facilitates and coordinates cooperations between firms and universities. Third, most important innovation space in the triple helix system of Oresund food cluster can be science parks and business incubators such as Ideon Science Park, which contribute to linking, between research and commercialization, and between firms and universities in the region. In a nutshell, the Oresund food cluster has been evolved as an innovative regional cluster on the basis of well-established three-layered triple helix spaces of regional innovation system.

• Journal of Environmental Policy
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.45-60
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• 2011

An aim of this paper is to test four hypotheses on price volatility in the $CO_2$ emission markets focusing on European Climate Exchange(ECX) in the EU Emission Trading Schemes(EU ETS) and Chicago Climate Exchange(CCX). I expect that, due to an influx of market information, a differently designed exchange market would bring a different price volatility, and various types of emission permits in the same exchange market would result in the same effects on the price volatility. Major findings are that the price volatility is same regardless of the types of emission exchange markets and emission permits comparing the rate of returns. However, comparing the GARCH variance, the volatility between ECX EUAs and CCX-CFIs and the volatility between EUAs(CERs) futures and daily futures are different with the exception of the volatility between EUAs futures and CERs futures. In conclusion, the price volatility depends on the types of exchanges and the types of emission permits.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.554-571
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• 2009

This paper explores the triple helix innovation system in Food Valley in the Netherlands which is considered one of the most innovative food clusters in the world. The triple helix approach has been so far little tackled in the literature on innovation system and cluster. However, tills approach can be a useful tool for understanding the dynamic characters and knowledge transfer mechanism of industrial cluster. On the basis of an in-depth case study, we argue that Food Valley has evolved through four circles of growth in the triple helix innovation system. From the mid-2000s onward, it is seen that Food Valley has been on the stabilized circle in the triple helix system of innovation. Centered upon Wageningen UR, local universities and research centers play a pivotal role in building the triple helix innovation system. To cope with radical changes in markets and technology since the late 1980s, local firms have made a great deal of effort to reinforce the university-industry partnership. On the other hand, government agencies have played a critical role for establishing institutional milieu that facilitate university-industry partnerships and local knowledge transfer and spillover.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.401-408
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• 2020

The purpose of this study to analyze the regional competitiveness of the part material industry in Korea. According to the analysis, there was an empirical regional difference in the part material industry in Korea: in the Seoul Metropolitan Area, the industrial scale was found to be relatively small, although many companies were observed to be in the growing stage; in the Chungcheong region, it was estimated that the industrial scale is large, and many companies were found to have already reached the maturation stage with high growth rates; and in Honam and Jeju, Daekyung and Gangwon, and Dongnam, although the scale of the part material industry was found to be large, many companies were observed to be in the declining stage with low growth rates. This study also conducted an analysis based on LQ (Location Quotient) and RLQ (Relative efficiency of Labor Quotient). The analysis showed that industrial policies regarding workforce planning and industrial restructuring should focus on improving the productivity of the entire part material industry. Lastly, this study examined the competitive part material industry for the five regions by analyzing the RCC (Regional Competition Component). The findings of this study will be helpful in exploring ways to support the domestic part material industries in each region.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.902-913
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• 2014

This paper deals with the novel concept of neo-endogenous rural development which has been applied to explain the contemporary features of the European rural development. The notion of neo-endogenous rural development has been emerged in Europe because the pervious dichotomous concepts of exogenous and endogenous development are no longer useful for explaining the relationship between the local actors and the central or regional administrative organisations. The concept argues that the changing situation of rural regions at the initial stages of endogenous development could only be identified by the concept of neo-endogenous perspectives. Therefore, it tries to apply the concept for the Korean rural development policy which is called Regional Agricultural Cluster scheme. Explaining the development processes and the problems of the farmers group which carried out the project in a local level, this paper argues that the severe conflict between the farmers group and the City Office may be a typical incident of the neo-endogenous development. It expresses the power relations between the local groups and the political managing authority. With the case of the Prundle, it concludes that the neo-endogenous development is the essential stage for all the endogenous development to go through as an transitional one.