• 분석과학
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.55-65
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• 2000

GC/MSD를 이용하여 우리나라의 대표적인 정수장, 즉 서울 시내의 4개의 정수장과 인천, 대전, 광주, 대구 및 부산의 정수장에서 염소처리하여 각 가정으로 보급되는 수도수를 대상으로 1997년 6월부터 9월까지 가정수에 함유되어 있는 총트리할로메탄(trihalomethanes, THMs)을 US EPA Method 524.2(Purge & Trap/GC/MSD)법을 응용하여 검출 분석하였다. 그 결과 6대 도시에서, chloroform이 THMs의 대부분을 차지하였으며(47.43%~93.11%), bromodichloromethane > chlorodibromomethane > bromoform의 순으로나타났다. 인천, 대전, 광주, 대구 및 부산은 chloroform을 제외한 나머지 물질 즉, bromodichloromethane, chlorodibromomethane 및 bromoform의 함유량이 서울보다 높게 나타났다. 그러나 6월과 9월 모두 전 지역에서 THMs의 농도는 우리 나라의 먹는 물 수질기준 $100{\mu}g/L$을 초과하는 곳은 한곳도 없었다. 또한 각 물질에 대하여 산출한 인체 노출량은 chloroform $6.14{\times}10^{-4}mg/kg/day$, bromodichloromethane $1.01{\times}10^{-4}mg/kg/day$, chlorodibromomethane $0.29{\times}10^{-4}mg/kg/day$, bromoform $0.01{\times}10^{-4}mg/kg/day$, THMs $7.98{\times}10^{-4}mg/kg/day$이었다.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제32권12호
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• pp.1126-1133
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• 2010

본 연구에서는 휘발성 유기화합물의 분해능력을 가진 Candida tropicalis와 황화수소 분해능력을 가진 황산화균을 적용하여 이단 바이오필터를 운전하였으며, 각각의 미생물은 스폰지형 담체에 포괄 고정시켜 사용되었다. 이단 바이오필터에는 벤젠, 톨루엔, 자일렌, 암모니아, 황화수소 등의 복합악취를 유입하며 분해 특성을 파악하였고, 특히 오염부하량 단계변동에 대한 바이오필터의 분해능을 확인하였다. 오염부하량 단계변동은 총유입부하량 단계변동(total EC test), 개별 악취물질 유입부 하량 단계변동(individual chemical EC test), 간헐 동적부하 변동(2 days off & 3 days on) 순으로 수행되었다. 총유입부하량 단계변동 실험결과 TVOC와 암모니아, 황화수소의 최대분해능은 각각 61, 5.2, $9.1\;g/m^3/hr$로 확인되었으며, 개별악취물질 유입부하량 단계변동시에는 휘발성 유기화합물질 상호간의 분해능 간섭이 일어나는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 벤젠 부하량 변동시 톨루엔과 p-자이렌 모두 제거효율에 영향을 받았으며, 톨루엔의 부하량 단계변동시에는 벤젠과 p-자이렌이 각각 30%와 25% 이상의 제거효율의 하락이 일어나는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 하지만 무기악취와 유기악취간의 상호 분해능 간섭은 일어나지 않는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 2일간 악취물질의 유입을 중단한 후 다시 악취물질의 유입을 재개하였을 때, 3일 이내에 95% 이상의 악취물질 제거능 회복율을 보였다. 이러한 부하변동 실험결과로 미생물 포괄고정 담체를 적용한 이단 바이오필터가 유 무기 악취의 동시제거에 많은 장점을 가지고 있음을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 한국학교ㆍ지역보건교육학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.65-87
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• 2011

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to perform basic study on environmental and respiratory diseases in Ulsan and vicinities. Also, this study evaluated the actual state of environmental disease and health education at middle and high schools in Ulsan and surroundings. Methods: For this study, we conducted a survey on the health of the general public, environmental effects, and investigated the characteristics of environmental disease, health and hygiene education, etc. The populations of this study were middle and high school students in Ulsan, Korea. This study investigated the knowledge of environmental disease and health education at schools in Ulsan and vicinities from November 2009 to December 2009. All statistical calculations were performed with Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) for Windows, and gained the following results by implementing Frequency Analysis, Cross-tabulation Analysis and ANOVA. Results: As more and more environmental diseases are increased, the interest of the people has been increasing on this. The incidence rates of asthma and atopy were represented the top 25% of the country in Korea. The source of heavy metal, PAHs and VOCs in Ulsan includes the Petrochemical Complex at Nam-gu and Ulju-gun, the Nonferrous Metal Industrial Complex at Onsan-eup, Ulju-gun, and the Heavy Industrial Complex at Dong-gu and Buk-gu. Especially, there are a number of fossil fuel combustion facilities such as waste incineration plants and boilers at Nam-gu and the Onsan Industrial Complex. It may help greatly to investigate the characteristics of environmental pollutants such as environmental air pollutant and indoor contaminant to better manage the local student's health. Conclusions: It has been revealed that the hazardous chemicals and environmental contaminants are main substances of cause for asthma, atopy, dermatitis, and allergy disease. Therefore, through with collecting basic data such as environmental disease of inhabitants, health education, conscious and knowledgeable level in parents of students and students, We have to exert to improve knowledge and prevention with health life in school through development of health education program systematically for preventing of environmental disease.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• 제10권1_2호
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• pp.1-14
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• 1995

The purpose of this research is to assess the health risk of pollutants in drinking water and recommend the guidelines and management plans for maintaining good quality of drinking water. This study has been funded as a national project for three years from 1992 to 1995. This study(the second year, 1993-1994) was conducted to monitor 32 species of carcinogenic chemicals such as volatile organic compounds(VOCs), polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs), pesticides and heavy metals of drinking water at some area in six cities of Korea, and evaluate health risk due to these chemicals through four main steps of risk assessment in drinking water. In hazard identification, 32 species of carcinogenic chemicals were identified by the US EPA classification system. In the step of exposure assessment, sampling of raw, treated and tap water from the public water supply system had been conducted from 1993 to 1994, and 32 chemicals were analyzed. In dose-response assessment, cancer potencies, unit risk estimates and virtually safe doses of carcinogens were obtained by TOX-RISK (Version 3.1). In risk characterization of detected chemicals, health risk due to carcinogens such as vinyl chloride, carbon tetrachloride, dichloromethane, 1, 2-dichloromethane, chloroform, benzene and arsenic of tap water in several cities exceeded 10$^{-5}$ level. We suggest that non-regulated chemicals which exceed 10$^{-5}$ excess cancer risk level, such as vinyl chloride, carbon tetrachloride and 1, 2-dichloroethane, should be monitored periodically and be regulated by the Drinking Water Management Act, and database for exposure parameter of our own situation should be established.

• 공업화학
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.245-250
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• 2007

실리카겔의 열처리 온도에 따른 1,2-dichlorobenzene의 흡착 특성을 모멘트 법으로 고찰하였다. 실리카겔의 열처리 온도는 150, 500, $800^{\circ}C$로 변화시켰으며 고정층 반응기를 사용하여 TCD (Thermal Conductivity Detector)가 장착된 기체크로마토 그래프에서 1,2-dichlorobenzene의 펄스 응답곡선을 측정하였다. 1,2-dichlorobenzene의 평형흡착상수와 표면 흡착열은 열처리 온도 $500^{\circ}C$에서 가장 높은 값을 나타내었다. 열처리 온도가 증가함에 따라 실리카겔 표면의 수분과 OH 작용기가 제거되어 1,2-dichlorobenzene과의 상호작용이 증가한 것으로 판단된다. 고온인 $800^{\circ}C$에서 열처리한 실리카겔은 비표면적이 감소하여 평형흡착상수와 흡착열, 모두 감소한 것으로 사료된다. 모멘트 해석으로 계산된 축분산 계수는 $0.046{\times}10^{-4}{\sim}1.033{\times}10^{-4}m^2/sec$였으며 기공 내의 확산계수는 $500^{\circ}C$ 열처리 실리카겔에서 가장 낮은 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제17권10호
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• pp.1169-1182
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• 2008

The chemical and meteorological effects on the concentration variations of air pollutants ($O_3$ and its precursors) were evaluated based on ground observation data in coastal and inland regions, Busan during springs and summers of 2005-2006. For the purpose of this study, study areas were classified into 5 categories: coastal area (CA), industrial area (IA), downtown area (DA), residential area (RA), and suburban area (SA). Two sites of Dongsam (DS) and Yeonsan (YS) were selected for the comparison purpose between the coastal and inland regions. $O_3$ concentrations in CA and SA were observed to be highest during spring (e.g., 40 ppb), whereas those in DA and RA were relatively low during summer (e.g., $22\sim24$ ppb). It was found that $O_3$ concentrations in IA were not significantly high although high VOCs (especially toluene of about 40 ppb) and $NO_x$ ($\geq$ 35 ppb) were observed. On the other hand, the concentration levels of $O_3$ and $PM_{10}$ at the DS site were significantly higher than those at the YS site, but $NO_x$ was slightly lower than that at the YS site. This might be caused by the photochemical activity and meteorological conditions (e.g., sea-land breeze and atmospheric stagnance). When maximum $O_3$ (an index of photochemical activity) exceeds 100 ppb, the contribution of secondary $PM_{10}\;((PM_{10})_{SEC})$ to total observed $PM_{10}$ concentrations was estimated up to 32% and 17% at the DS and YS sites, respectively. In addition, the diurnal variations of $(PM_{10})_{SEC}$ at the DS site were similar to those of $O_3$ regardless of season, which suggests that they are mostly secondary $PM_{10}$ produced from photochemical reactions.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.485-494
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to monitor the flux of $CO_2$ and BVOCs (biogenic volatile organic compounds) between the atmosphere and forest. The main research activities are conducted at Taehwa Research Forest (TRF), managed by the College of Agriculture and Life Sciences at Seoul National University. The TRF site is located 60 km north-east from the center of Seoul Metropolitan Area. The TRF flux tower is in the middle of a Korean Pine (Pinus Koraiensis) plantation ($400m{\times}400m$), surrounded by a mixed forest. Eddy covariance method was used for $CO_2$ flux above the forest and REA (Relaxed eddy accumulation) method applying eddy covariance was used for BVOCs flux. BVOCs flux that was measured in spring (from May 16 to 18) had distribution of 84 to $2917{\mu}g/m^2{\cdot}h$. Especially, it showed that d-limonene being strong reactivity composed the largest fraction of monoterpene. Ambient $CO_2$ concentration measured in Mt. Taehwa was 399 ppm and observed $CO_2$ fluxes between the atmosphere and forest suggested that during the day, $CO_2$ is absorbed by plants through photosynthesis and released during the night.

• 신재생에너지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.13-26
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• 2020

This study analyzed whether the diffusion of new and renewable energy contributed to mitigating emissions of various air pollutants, including particulate matter, using panel econometric models. The theoretical foundation of such econometric models is based on the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis, which assumes an inverted U-shaped relation between national income and environmental pollution, as originally proposed by Grossman and Krueger. We examined whether there are inverted U-, U-shaped, or N-shaped relations between national income and air pollution. We demonstrate that increases in new and renewable energy significantly mitigated emissions of CO, NO_X, and PM2.5. Additionally, we included NO_X, SO_X, PM10, and VOCs as secondary emission sources of PM2.5 and found that emission of PM10 resulted in the highest PM2.5 emissions, followed by NO_X and SO_X emissions. The impact of new and renewable energy on air pollution varied across regions. Increase of new and renewable energy in the Honam region significantly mitigated CO, NO_X, and TSP emissions, while that in the Youngnam and metropolitan areas did not significantly mitigate air pollution overall. There was a U-shaped relationship between air pollution and national income for CO, NO_X, PM2.5, and SO_X, while an inverted N-shape was observed for PM10.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.39-49
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• 2007

In this study, the performance characteristics of solid phase microextraction (SPME) were investigated for three major odorous groups that consist of 10 individual compounds ([1] volatile organic compounds (VOC): benzene, toluene, p-xylene and styrene, [2] reduced sulfur compounds (RSC): hydrogen sulfide, methyl mercaptan, dimethylsulfide (DMS), dimethyldisulfide (DMDS), and carbon disulfide, and [3] amine: trimethylamine (TMA)). For the purpose of a comparative analysis, two types of SPME fiber ([1] polidimethylsiloxane/divinilbenzene (P/D) and [2] $Carboxen^{TM}$/polidimethylsiloxane (C/P)) were test ε d against each other for a series of standards prepared at different concentration levels (100, 200, and 500 ppb). To compare the analytical performance of each fiber, all standards were analyzed for the acquisition of calibration data sets for each compound. The results of P/D fiber generally showed that its calibration slope increased as a function of molecular weight across different VOCs; however, those of C/P fiber showed a fairly reversed trend. Besides, we confirmed that the application of SPME is limited to many sulfur compounds; only two compounds (DMS and DMDS) are sensitive enough to draw calibration results out of SPME. The calibration data for RSC show generally enhanced slop values for C/P relative to P/D fiber. However, in the case of TMA, we were not able to find a notable difference in their performance.

• 분석과학
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.282-289
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• 2011

자동차 내장재에서 방출되는 오염물질들을 평가하는 간편한 방법으로 백을 이용하는 방법이 ISO 12219-2의 방법으로 개발중에 있다. 백을 사용하는 정적 시험방법은 방출시험 시 습도를 조절하지 않기 때문에 습도조건에 민감한 포름알데하이드의 방출시험에는 적당하지 않다. 따라서 이 연구에서는 백을 사용하는 정적 시험방법에서 추가로 수분을 공급하여 시험백안의 상대습도를 조절할 수 있는 가능성 및 상대습도가 포름알데하이드 방출농도에 미치는 영향에 대해 알아보았다. 시험 백 안의 상대습도는 주입한 수분의 양뿐만 아니라 시험백의 재질과 시험편의 종류에 큰 영향을 받았다. 그리고 시험 백 안의 상대습도가 증가할수록 포름알데하이드의 방출강도는 증가했지만 과다한 수분이 공급되면 백 내부 표면이나 시험편의 표면에 여분의 수분이 응축하여 여기에 방출된 포름알데하이드가 재흡수되어 측정된 포름 알데하이드의 방출강도가 낮게 나타났다.