• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.867-877
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• 2011

A study was conducted to find the habitat change and the insects and flora that live in the abandoned paddy field in Daun-dong Jung-gu, Ulsan, to provide basic information for the conservation and restoration of Nannophya pygmaea Ramber from June 2008 to July 2011. In case of the insects, 53 species in 32 families of 10 orders were identified, with Odonata, Hemiptera and Coleoptera being the three dominants (18.9% in total). For flora, 60 species in 30 families of 23 orders were identified, with Cyperaceae and Gramineae being the dominants(13.3% and 11.7%, respectively). The influx of woody plants in the surveyed area led to the rapid progress of succession and the carnification of the habitats for aquatic plants. Besides, the number of phytophagous insects and mountainous insects were increasing. Consequently, the habitat of Nannophya pygmaea Ramber has been relocated to the place, whose water depth remains unchanged at 2.5~9.5cm and water space is opened. Therefore, it is required to conduct long-term monitoring and appropriate management based on the ecological characteristic of the habitats to continuously conserve and maintain the habitats of Nannophya pygmaea Ramber.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.95-107
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• 2016

The gold-spotted pond frog(Pelophylax chosenicus) classified as an Anura in Amphibia is sharply decreasing due to various changes of habitats environment, and designated as IUCN Red List Threatened species(VU; Vulnerable) internationally and domestic endangered species Class-II; therefore, it's in urgent need of the research on habitats restoration of the gold-spotted pond frog in order to prevent its extinction. This study was carried out to verify the effect after restoration by introducing the inhabitation elements deducted by the literature research and a field survey on the habitats for the gold-spotted pond frog in danger of regional extinction in the urban area of Ansan city, Gyeonggi-do, Korea. Accordingly, the capacity for bio-species was increased by expanding the area of habitats into $11,845m^2$, and securing the place for hibernation and corridors and discharge within the habitats, etc. As a result of the monitoring the number of individuals increased by 9.5 times as the reproductive success rate of the gold-spotted pond frog got higher, and by virtue of improvement in the habitats, biodiversity increased to 183 species(4 species of amphibians and reptiles, 4 species of mammals, 17 species of birds, 53 species of insects(terrestrial/Benthic), 4 species of fish, and 102 species of plants). It might be possible to verify the restoration effect of the habitats through continuous monitoring, and suggest the restoration model on the habitats for continuously survivable the gold-spotted pond frog in the urban area by deducting the matters to be improved.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.38-51
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• 2000

This study seeks to present creation techniques increasing biodiversity while excluding techniques that avoid rooftop as a place for revegetation or techniques that are standardized and ecologically undesirable. To this end, a theoretical study was conducted including the identification of issues that need to be considered in introducing biotope creation techniques at a rooftop space using eco-pond or eco-park creation techniques. Based on the result, a creation process and techniques were presented for the rooftop of Kyungdong Energy Company building located in Bundang, Sungnam city. The conclusions reached in this study are as follows. First, when structural problems such as load or leakage are resolved and when it is planned as a habitat within a range of carrying load, a rooftop may be habitats for various organisms. Second, same creation techniques for eco-ponds or eco-parks may be applied to create biotope in a rooftop. In fact, the introduction of a wetland ecosystem on a rooftop may contribute significantly in increasing biodiversity. In addition, it would be desirable to approach traditional rooftop revegetation methods in an ecological aspect and to introduce indigenous plants and to offer habitats to insects and birds. Third, in order to create rooftop biotope, there should be enough studies and experiments on resolving structural problems and on techniques or technologies to create habitats. Since the Kyongdong Energy Company rooftop biotope described in this study is the first experimental site in Korea, it requires a series of process to identify problems and to improve them by monitoring the site in the future. Through such studies and experiments, efficient rooftop biotope creation techniques should be developed and disseminated.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.95-101
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• 2016

Purpose: This study aims to identify the effect of temperature reduction by the application of cool roof coatings to Changwon City Hall in South Gyeongsang Province. The indoor and outdoor temperatures of the cool roofing building were analyzed and compared to that of an existing building with green-colored roof coated with waterproof polyurethane. Method: The surface temperatures and reflectivity of rooftops, surface temperatures of ceilings and the interior, and outdoor temperature and humidity of the two aforementioned buildings were measured from June to September in 2014. The measurements were taken every 10 min. Result: The surface temperature of the building with the cool roof was lower by a maximum of $9^{\circ}C$ with the reflectivity of the rooftop at an average of 0.55, which is higher than that of the building with green polyurethane by approximately 0.3. The temperature of the ceiling inside the building with the cool roof was about $1{\sim}2^{\circ}C$ lower than that of the ordinary building. Also, the indoor temperature of the office with cool roof coatings was about $0.5{\sim}1.0^{\circ}C$ lower than that of the office with green-colored roofing building. The results show that cool roof coatings can lower the temperature of buildings. In the next research, the reduction in consumption of energy for air conditioning will be investigated by utilizing building energy simulation tools.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.527-537
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• 2010

This study are Geumjung mountain fortress of the Busan Metropolitan City in the north gate of the East gate around the trail to identify the vegetation structure importance value, dominance, species diversity, similarity index analysis. Results of the study, plot on the western slopes elevation 423-636m, slopes of $15{\sim}20^{\circ}$ slope areas, Pinus densiflora, Pinus thunbergii, Quercus acutissima, Pinus thunbergii, Pinus rigida, Carpinus coreana, Quercus mongolica are fulfilling a community. Trees layer a height 8~12m, coverage 40~70%, sub-trees layer the height 3~7m, coverage 10~80%, shrubs layer the height 0.8~1.5m, coverage 20-30%, herb layer the height 0.1~0.5m, coverage 5-10% were in the range of plot in the east slope elevation 452-647m, slopes in the slope of $5-30^{\circ}$ and Pinus rigida, Pinus thunbergii, Pinus densiflora, Quercus mongolica, Quercus dentata, Carpinus coreana is fulfilling a community. The trees layer height 8~13m, coverage 0~70%, sub-trees layer the height 2~6m, coverage 0~80%, shrubs layer the height 0.8~1.5m, coverage 20-40%, herb layer the height 0.1-0.5m, coverage 5-40% were in the range. The survey showed to be in relatively good vegetation, but in some areas of Pinus rigida, Quercus acutissima, as was predicted in succession, the shrub layer in the plot of some dominated vine plants and vegetation management will be needed for this purpose respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.11-22
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• 2009

This was a 2nd-year study aiming at developing the procedure of alternative system that was intended to restore not only biophysically disturbed areas but also psychologically and socially damaged community. It was suggested that this participatory restoration system could be constructed based on integrative categorization processes consisting of damage types and readiness of local residents for participation. Three case study sites-High-One resort, Lafarge-Halla cement, and high-altitude farmland near Gangneung city, were selected to apply the theoretical framework proposed as a result of 1st-year work. In order to develop introductory programs, key concepts such as forest for future, carbon offset forest, and healing forest, have been suggested based on analysis of 6 system components including human resources, communication, legal and institutional support, financial sources, restoration methods, and activity programs for each site. More detailed processes and procedures can be identified, defined, and refined after the end of final, 3rd-stage of the study in April of 2010.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.119-132
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• 2018

This study was conducted to suggest an assessment indices to evaluate the ecosystem services of the unique functions of wetlands as well as economic value provided by the village wetlands. The assessment indicators applied in this study were used by the RAM indices. The results of RAM assessment on the village wetlands in Cheonan city were analyzed by item and critical functions of the village wetland. They were derived by assessment indicators of ecosystem services, and the village wetland ecosystem were presented by Focus Group Interview (FGI). The 20 critical indices were selected from 52 different indices by analyzing the wetland function assessment items. 13 indicators excluding duplicate indexes by function, were selected as ecological service impact indicators. Finally, ecosystem services were evaluated by using AHP analysis to calculate the weight of each assessment indices and apply it to the 9 village wetlands. The results of this study confirmed that the functions of the village wetlands are compliant with the ecosystem services. Based on this assessment of the unique functions of wetlands, it will serve as a methodology for assessing ecosystem services. The study was also conducted on 49 wetlands in Cheonan. The detailed assessment of wetland ecosystem services based on the wetland ecosystem function proposed by this study, was further developed as a follow-up study. It suggested that the wetland areas should be compared and be used as a general standard. In addition to the assessment of the economic value of ecosystem services provided by the village wetlands, it would be useful to assess the unique features and convert them into value.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.708-708
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• 2002

Recent developments in sensor technologies have provided remotely sensed data with very high spatial resolution. In order to fully utilize the potential of high resolution images, new image classification strategies are necessary. Unfortunately, the high resolution images increase the spectral within-field variability, and the classification accuracy of traditional methods based on pixel-based classification algorithms such as Maximum-Likelihood method may be decreased (Schiewe 2001). Recent development in Object Oriented Classification based on image segmentation algorithms can be used for the classification of forest patches on rugged terrain of Korea. The objectives of this paper are as follows. First, to compare the pros and cons of image classification methods based on pixel-based and object oriented classification algorithm for the forest patch classification. Landsat ETM＋ data and IKONOS data will be used for the classification. Second, to investigate ways to increase classification accuracy of forest patches. Supplemental data such as DTM and Forest Type Map of 1:25,000 scale are used for topographic correction and image segmentation. Third, to propose the best classification strategy for forest patch classification in terms of accuracy and data requirement. The research site for this paper is Namhansansung Provincial Park located at the eastern suburb of Seoul Metropolitan City for its diverse forest patch types and data availability. Both Landsat ETM＋ and IKONOS data are used for the classification. Preliminary results can be summarized as follows. First, topographic correction of reflectance is essential for the classification of forest patches on rugged terrain. Second, object oriented classification of IKONOS data enables higher classification accuracy compared to Landsat ETM＋ and pixel-based classification. Third, multi-stage segmentation is very useful to investigate landscape ecological aspect of forest communities of Korea.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.1-16
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• 2024

The riparian area plays a crucial role in maintaining the balance between the aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. The Korean government has recognized the importance of protecting riparian areas and has taken steps to purchase land and create ecobelt to reduce non-point source pollutants(NSPs) that can negatively impact water quality. However, selecting the catchment area and calculating the pollution load can be challenging due to the small area of the purchased land and the limitations of low-resolution DEMs. To address these challenges, this study proposes the use of unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs) to create a high-resolution DEM and calculate the pollution load through land cover analysis. This approach can provide a more accurate representation of the land use status and help to identify areas that are contributing to NSPs. The quantitative comparison of the difference in water quality improvement ecosystem services according to the scenarios of additional catchment areas shows that even land purchased for the same amount of money may have different ecosystem service values, and this was quantitatively calculated. This can be used to prioritize future land acquisition. Overall, this study's approach could provide valuable insights into the effectiveness of ecobelt in reducing NSPs and inform future efforts to protect riparian areas in Korea and beyond.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.155-162
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• 2023

Global climate change and urbanization have various demerits, such as water pollution, flood damage, and deterioration of water circulation. Thus, attention is drawn to Nature-based Solution (NbS) that solve environmental problems in ways that imitate nature. Among the NbS, urban wetlands are facilities that perform functions, such as removing pollutants from a city, improving water circulation, and providing ecological habitats, by strengthening original natural wetland pillars. Frequent monitoring and maintenance are essential for urban wetlands to maintain their performance; therefore, there is a need to apply the Internet of Things (IoT) technology to wetland monitoring. Therefore, in this study, we attempted to develop a real-time wetland monitoring device and interface. Temperature, water temperature, humidity, soil humidity, PM1, PM2.5, and PM10 were measured, and the measurements were taken at 10-minute intervals for three days in both indoor and wetland. Sensors suitable for conditions that needed to be measured and an Arduino MEGA 2560 were connected to enable sensing, and communication modules were connected to transmit data to real-time databases. The transmitted data were displayed on a developed web page. The data measured to verify the monitoring device were compared with data from the Korea meteorological administration and the Korea environment corporation, and the output and upward or downward trend were similar. Moreover, findings from a related patent search indicated that there are a minimal number of instances where information and communication technology (ICT) has been applied in wetland contexts. Hence, it is essential to consider further research, development, and implementation of ICT to address this gap. The results of this study could be the basis for time-series data analysis research using automation, machine learning, or deep learning in urban wetland maintenance.