• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.450-459
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• 2004

For the evaluation of emission sources by air sampling, airborne particulate matter for fine (<2.5 ${\mu}m2$ EAD : $PM_{2.5}$) and coarse partical (2.5-10 ${\mu}m2$ EAD : $PM_{2.5-10}$ fractions were collected using a Gent stacked filter unit low volume sampler and two types of polycarbonate filters. Air samples were collected twice monthly at two regions in and around Daejeon city in the Republic of Korea from January to December 2002. Monthly mass concentration of $PM_{2.5}$ and $PM_{2.5-10}$ were measured and the concentrations of 10 marker elements (Al, Sc, Ti ; Na, Cl ; As, V. Sb, Br, Se) were determined by an instrumental neutron activation analysis. Analytical quality control was corried out using certified reference materials. Enrichment factors were also calculated from the monitoring data to classify the anthropogenic and crustal origins.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.39-50
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• 2008

Purpose : This article reviewed the advances in the understanding of the effect of motor rehabilitation and brain plasticity on functional recovery after CNS damage. Methods : This is literature study with Pubmed, Medline and Science journal. Results : The inability of CNS neurons to regenerate is largely associated with nonneuronal aspects of the CNS environment. Especially, this neuronal growth inhibition is mediated by myelin associated glycoprotein, olygodendrocyte-myelin glycoprotein, and NOGO. Enriched environment, motor learning, forced limb use have been utilized in scientific studies to promote functional reorganization and brain plasticity. Especially, enriched environment and motor enrichment may prime the brain to respond more adaptively to injury, in part by expressed neurotrophic factors. Conclusions : These reviews suggest that activity-induced neural plasticity occur in damaged brain areas in order to functional reorganization, where it could contribute to motor recovery, and represent a target for stroke rehabilitation.

• Journal of Engineering Education Research
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.51-58
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• 2014

The main objective of this research lies in estimating how much importance the educators of professional general education and MSC curriculum put on assessment, and, thereafter, take what support should be provided for the efficient assessment of education. The subjects of this research are educators of professional general education and MSC curriculum in the engineering education enrichment program at the 58 universities out of 72 universities where the accreditation for engineering education is implemented. Accordingly questionnaires were distributed to a total of 58 universities among which 136 questionnaires were collected. The data analysis methods, mean and response sample T test, were used in this research. The following conclusions were drawn from the results of this research. First, tile mean of importance and performance in the 'assessment activities' were relatively high. However, in tile assessment, the assessment performance was relatively lower than the assessment importance. Second, the results of the Importance-Performance Matrix in the 'assessment activities' was analyzed by two ways. First, Analyzed with the scale mean, The result means that Keep up the Good Work (KGW) sector included all factors. Second, Analyzed with the actual mean, The result means that KGW sector included 5 factors A, J, B, D, C. Possible Overkill(PO) sector included factors C, I. Low Priority(LP) sector included 4 factors K, E, H, L. Concentrate Here (CH) sector included factor G.

• The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.169-179
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• 2011

To investigate the controlling factor and accumulation of trace metal concentrations in Chun-su Bay sediments, grain-size, specific surface area, organic carbon content, calcium carbonate content, and concentration of Al, Fe, Na, K, Mg, Ca, Ti, Mn, P, S, Ba, Sr, Li, Co, Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, Cs, Sc, V, Sn were analyzed. Controlling factors of metals were quartz-dilution, calcium carbonate and coarse sand or K-feldspar. Although the distribution of V, Co, Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, Sn, and Cd concentration was explained by grain-size effiect, Mn and As showed the similar importance of grain-size effect and coarse sand or K-feldspar factors. By virtue of enrichment factor and 1 M HCl experiment, there were little enrichment in all the trace metals in bay sediments, which were explained well by geochemical properties of sediments. Since the concentration levels of As in coarse sand were high as much as those in fine-grained sediments and it was combined with Mn oxide (1 M HCl leached) and K-feldspar (residual), it was suggested that when the enrichment of As in sediments would be assessed, it is necessary to separate the coarse sand from bulk sediments or to use only sediments with higher than 10% in < $16{\mu}m$ fraction.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.16
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• pp.221-249
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• 1989

The purpose of this study is to analyze the factors influencing on the organizational changes of the university libraries. Results of the analysis, that is, factors that cause the library organization to change, are as follows 1. Changes in library size physical facilities, growth and diversity of library collections, change in personnel organization, role enrichment and faculty status for librarians, management pattern of library director, change in financial su n.0, pport. 2. Change in program : change in goals and objectives, expansion of service programs, enhancement of library functions. 3. Library automation : introduction and development of many library automation projects. 4. Introduction of information technology : development and distribution of computer and related software, telecommunication, and new media. 5. Changes in user needs : many-sided demands for collections, spaces, and services. 6. Many other environmental factors related to library organization.

• Bulletin of Food Technology
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.29-35
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• 2002

To prevent the incidence of type food allergies, removal of food allergens by excluding all foodstuffs containing the allergen(s) or disruption of allergen(s) using proteases has been employed. Though allergen- specific digestion with a protease worked well in the preparation of low allergenic goods, it is often difficult to destroy allergenicity without adversely affecting the nutritive value, taste and rheological properties of foods. In the present study, we represented that herbs component contained both allergy- enhancing and inhibiting factors, in addition to llergens. We also reported that herbal component such as epigallocatechingallate (EGCG) and epicatechingallate (ECG) is possible to be allergy- inhibiting factors, but the exact mechanism by which they alleviate allergic response is left to be clarifying. Document of allergy enhancing factors and enrichment of allergy inhibiting factors may provide a new approach to diminish allergenicity of various foodstufffs. Clarification of the allergic reaction modifying mechanism of food components and optimization of the intake of allergy modifying factor are necessary for decrement of allergenicity of conventional food and prevention of incidents of allergic response

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.1364-1369
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• 2009

The building construction projects include a variety of risk factors due to uncertainties. To succeed in the projects, it is important how risks are managed. Risk management is composed of identification, analysis and response. Especially, the risk analysis is important to objectively calculate significance of risk factors. This paper evaluates a method to find priorities of risks using the AHP(Analytic Hierarchy Process). The method has some defects; (1) the consistency becomes weak as the number of pair-wise compared risks is large, and (2) the input and output procedures are complex when risks are added to or removed from a risk database. Thus the paper adopt the PROMETHEE(Preference Ranking Organization METHod Enrichment Evaluations) analysis process which is able to overcome the limitation of the AHP restricted to 9 risk factors. The PROMETHEE method makes the procedure of risk analysis simple, when the risk factors pull out and put in the risk database. The purpose of this study is to prove the possibility of the PROMETHEE analysis process by being compared with AHP.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.43 no.5
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• pp.455-466
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• 2010

Seabed mineral resources explored by Korea are categorized into major three types of deposit; manganese nodule, manganese crust and polymetallic sulfides. Pt displays high enrichment factors (400, ore/crust ratios) in manganese nodule. Rare earth oxide content in manganese nodule ranges from 0.037 to 0.302 REO % with mean value of 0.12 REO %. Both of Te and Pt are enriched elements in manganese crust, displaying enrichment factors of 10800 and 150, respectively. Rare earth oxide's contents of manganese crust are slightly higher than manganese nodule's (0.013~0.387 REO %, average = 0.18 REO %). Se and In are outstanding rare metals from seabed polymetallic sulfides, showing enrichment factors of 1300 and 110, respectively. Au (0.8~26.3 g/t) and Ag (0.9~348.0 g/t) are another enriched elements in polymetallic sulfides. The main concern at exploiting seabed mineral resource will be a securing rare metals for high-technology industries and rare metals from subsea mineral deposits will add economic values to commodity candidates such like Co, Ni and Cu.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.6 no.5
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• pp.435-442
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• 1993

Carboxymethylated polyamine-polyurea resin loaded with rubeanic acid (RCCPPI resin) was obtained by 1 step chemical reaction between chlorocarboxymethylated polyamine-polyurea(CCPPI) resin as matrix polymer and rebeanic acid. This resin was confirmed with infrared spectrometry, elemental analysis, and thermal analysis(DSC). The adsorption characteristics of the heavy metal's on the resin were studied by measuring distribution coefficient($K_d$) with changing pH of the solutions and frontal chromatography. The enrichment, recovery, and analysis of trace heavy metals, such as cadmium, cerium, copper, nikel, lead, and zinc, in the presence of high concentrations of sodium, calcium, and acetate salts was possible quantitatively by a column packed with the resin at each optimum pH. Preconcentration factors were more than 25. To elute the adsorbed heavy metals on the resin, 0.025M EDTA solution(pH 9.0) was used.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.503-511
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• 2006

Airborne particles collected from a heavily industrialized site were analyzed by chemical speciation of seven trace metals: Pb, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Zn, and As. The average concentrations were as follows: $Zn,\;502.0{\pm}230.7;\;Pb,\;176.5{\pm}310.9;\;Cu,\;111.9{\pm}82.7;\;As,\;38.0{\pm}31.0;\;Cr,\;21.5{\pm}24.4;\;Cd,\;20.8{\pm}17.4;\;and\;Ni,\;11.4{\pm}8.4\;ng/m^3$. The median enrichment factor (EF) values of Cd (7,280), As (1,030), Cu (215), Zn (214), and Pb (143), with respect to iron, were much larger than 100. We observed that Cd was found in the soluble and exchange- able form (56.9%), and that Pb and Cr were found in carbonates, oxides and the reducible form (69.8% and 61.1%, respectively). These two forms, which are the most easily absorbed into human body tissue, predominated in most of the trace metals investigated in this study.