• 한국정보과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보과학회 2004년도 봄 학술발표논문집 Vol.31 No.1 (B)
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• pp.553-555
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• 2004

최근 인터넷의 급속한 성장과 더불어 전자메일(I-Mail)은 의사교환의 필수적인 매체로 사용 되어지고 있다. 그러나 편리하고 비용이 들지 앉는 장정을 이용해 엄청난 양의 스맴 메일이 매일같이 솎아져 오고, 이를 해결하기 위한 다양한 연구들이 제시되어져 왔다. 특히. 문서 분류에 널리 쓰이는 베이지안 분류자(Bayesian classifier)가 가장 널리 이용되어지고 있는데, 정확도와 재현율에서 비교적 우수한 성능을 보이고 있다. 그러나 몇 가지 문제점을 갖고 있는데, 첫째, 사전에 사용자에 의해 스팸. 논스팸 메일에 대한 충분한 학습이 선행되어야 하는 정, 둘째, 필터링을 위한 연산시간이 소요되는 점, 셋째, 필터링의 대상이 되는 메일 본문의 내용이 적을 경우 정확한 필터링이 어렵다는 정 등의 문제점이 있다. 본 논문에서는 마지막 문제점으로 지적된 메일 본문의 내용이 적을 경우 즉, 연산을 위한 특징적인 단어들의 부족으로 정확한 분류가 불가능한 경우의 해결방안으로 온틀로지와 Semantic Enrichment 기법을 이용한 스팸 메일 필터링 시스템을 제안한다. 실험 결과, 제안하는 시스템이 베이지안 분류자를 이용한 분류 시스템보다 정확도에서 4.1%, 재현율에서 10.5%. 그리고 F-measure에서 7.64%의 성능향상을 보였다.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.39.1-39.8
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• 2020

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic, progressive brain disorder that slowly destroys affected individuals' memory and reasoning faculties, and consequently, their ability to perform the simplest tasks. This study investigated the hub genes of AD. Proteins interact with other proteins and non-protein molecules, and these interactions play an important role in understanding protein function. Computational methods are useful for understanding biological problems, in particular, network analyses of protein-protein interactions. Through a protein network analysis, we identified the following top 10 hub genes associated with AD: PTGER3, C3AR1, NPY, ADCY2, CXCL12, CCR5, MTNR1A, CNR2, GRM2, and CXCL8. Through gene enrichment, it was identified that most gene functions could be classified as integral to the plasma membrane, G-protein coupled receptor activity, and cell communication under gene ontology, as well as involvement in signal transduction pathways. Based on the convergent functional genomics ranking, the prioritized genes were NPY, CXCL12, CCR5, and CNR2.

• 분석과학
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.12-21
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• 2023

Protein glycation is vital to aging and disease. However, glycated proteins are low-abundant in plasma, rendering them difficult to identify using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Many studies have analyzed glycated peptides with high reproducibility. Here, glycated peptides in human serum were analyzed by LC-MS/MS using data-dependent acquisition (DDA) and parallel reaction monitoring (PRM). Boronic acid (BA) enrichment of in vitro glycated human serum peptides was performed. BA enrichment identified the most glycated peptides, and the glycated peptides of the more diversified proteins, excluding albumin, were analyzed. In PRM, glycated albumin PSMs were the most common, and this method exhibited the best reproducibility. The results of this study could help compare methods for identifying glycation-related biomarkers.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.553-566
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• 1997

Origin, behavior and enrichment of environmental toxic elements from the Deokpyeong area were investigated on the basis of major, trace and rare earth element geochemistry. Coaly metapelites of the Deokpyeong area are subdivided into grey phyllite, dark grey phyllite, coaly slate and black slate, which are interbedded along the Ogcheon Supergroup. The coaly slate had been mined for coal, but mining is closed. The coaly and black slates are lower contents of $SiO_2$ and $Al_2O_3$, and higher contents of LOI, CaO, $Na_2O$ and BaO as compared with the phyllitic rocks. Rare earth elements are highly enriched in the coaly and black slate. Average compositions (ppm) of minor and/or environmental toxic elements in the coaly and black slate are revealed as As=127, Ba=30,163, Cd=18, Cr=740, Cu=84, Mo=378, Pb=43, Sb=12, Se=44, U=144, V=8,147 and Zn=292, which are extremely high concentrations than those in the NASC compositions. Major elements (average enrichment index; 5.34) in the coaly metapelites are mostly depleted, excepting $P_2O_5$ and BaO, normalized by NASC. Rare earth elements (average enrichment index; 1.48) are enriched in the coaly slate. On the basis of NASC, minor and/or environmental toxic elements in the coaly metapelites were strongly enriched of all the elements with the exception of Co, Cs, Ni and Sr. Average enrichment index of trace elements in coaly metapelite is 31.51 (coaly slate; 51.94 and black slate; 15.46). Especially, enrichment index of potentially toxic elements (As, Ba, Cr, Cu, Mo, Ni, Sb, Se, U, V and Zn) of the rock is 46.10 (grey phyllite; 7.15, dark grey phyllite; 4.77, coaly slate; 88.96 and black slate; 22.11). These coal formations were deposited in basin of boundary between terrestrial and marine environments deduced to carbon, sulfur (C/S=2.2 to 275.7), trace and rare earth elements characteristics. Irregular behavior and dispersion between major, minor and rare earth elements of those metapelites indicates a variable source materials, incomplete mixing of differential source and/or reequilibrium of diagenesis and metamorphism.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제48권4호
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• pp.323-328
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• 2016

본 연구는 non-O157 EHEC의 혈청형별 증균 및 선택배지에서의 분리 조건 및 비교 시험을 하여 최적의 검출 방법을 제시하고자 하였다. EC medium with MUG broth, BRILA broth, mTSB broth with novobiocin 3종의 증균배지 성능 및 배양 조건의 비교 결과 EC-MUG 증균배지를 $42^{\circ}C$에서 24시간 배양하면 EHEC의 효율적인 증균이 이루어질 수 있을 것이라 생각된다. ENDO agar, Chromocult agar, TBX agar, CHROMagar$^{TM}$ STEC medium 4종의 선택배지에 가장 효과적인 배지를 확인결과 TBX agar가 검출율이 가장 높았으나 1종의 배지를 사용했을 경우 다양한 EHEC 혈청형 균를 검출 하기는 어렵다고 생각된다. 그러므로 EHEC를 효과적으로 검출하고자 할 경우 TBX agar와 보완이 가능한 그 외의 배지를 사용하여야 효과적인 검출이 가능할 것으로 생각된다. 또한, 각 배지가 혈청형에 따른 분리효율이 다르므로 본 연구 결과를 참조하여 가장 적합한 배지를 선택 해야 할 것으로 보인다. 향후 non-O157 EHEC의 적절한 기질을 사용하여 다양한 혈청형을 모두 검출 할 수 있는 효율적인 배지의 개발이 필요하다고 생각된다.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.63-69
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• 1969

건강도쇄돈(健康屠殺豚)의 장간막임파선(腸間膜淋巴膳)과 분(糞)(대장내용물(大腸內容物))으로부타 살모넬라균(菌)의 분리방법(分離方法)을 비교연구하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 비교적 다른 세균에 의한 오염도(汚染度)가 낮은 장간막임파선(腸間膜淋巴膳)을 검사하였을 경우, 증균배지(增菌培地)로서는 tetrathionate broth(TB)가 selenite broth(SB) 보다 살모넬라균(菌) 분리율(分離率)이 월등히 높았으며, 선택배지(選擇培地)로서는 brilliant green agar (BG)가 SS agar(SS) 보다 역시 월등히 높았다. 2. 여러가지 장내세균(腸內細菌)에 의한 오염도(汚染度)가 높은 분(糞)을 검사하였을 경우에는, 살모넬라균(菌)의 분리율(分離率)에 있어서 증균배지(增菌培地)로 사용한 TB와 SB의 우열(優劣)을 인정할만한 차이를 보지 못하였으며, 선택배지(選擇培地)로 사용한 BG와 SS의 성적도 비슷하였다. 증균배지(增菌培地)나 선택배지(選擇培地)를 어느 한가지 배지(培地)만 사용한 경우보다는 두가지 배지(培地)를 동시에 같이 사용함으로써 살모넬라균(菌)의 분리율(分離率)이 크게 높았다. 3. Brilliant green McConkey broth 를 증균배지(增菌培地)로 사용하였을 경우에는 장간막임파선(腸間膜淋巴膳)과 분(糞)의 두 가지 재료중 어느것이나 TB 보다 살모넬라균(菌)의 분리율(分離率)이 훨씬 낮았다. 분(糞)을 brilliant green McConeky agar 에 직접 배양(培養)하는 방법은, TB나 SB에 증균배양(增菌培養)을 한 뒤에 BG나 SS의 증균배지(增菌培地)를 사용하는 방법보다 또한 훨씬 분리율(分離率)이 낮았다. 4. TB 및 SB의 증균배양시간(增菌培養時間)은 $37^{\circ}C$에서 24, 48 및 72 시간(時間)등 세가지를 비교해본 결과 장간막임파선(腸間膜淋巴膳)은 48 시간(時間) 배양(培養)했을 때에 살모넬라균(菌)의 분리율(分離率)이 가장 높았으나 분(糞)은 24 시간(時間)배양했을 때에 가장 분리율(分離率)이 높았다.

• 해양환경안전학회:학술대회논문집
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• 해양환경안전학회 2007년도 추계학술발표회
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• pp.185-185
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• 2007

20세기에 들어 산업, 군사 및 다양한 목적으로 비인화성 용매인 PCE와 TCE의 사용량이 증대하였다. 주의를 필요로 하는 물질임에도 불구하고 부주의한 사용과 보관으로 인해 토양, 퇴적토, 지하수에 심각하게 오염되었다. High-chlorinated ethenes은 호기성 박테리아의 oxygenation에 의해 분해되지 않는다. PEC및 TCE의 완전한 탈염소화는 혐기성조건에서만 관찰되어지며, 지난 10연년간의 연구에 의해서 탈염소화 혐기성 미생물의 수의 보고는 증가되었다. 혐기성 조건에서 탈염소화 미생물에 의해 PCE와 TCE는 less-chlorinated ethenes 또는 무해한 ethene으로 전환이 가능하다. 본 연구는 lactate를 electron donor로 이용해 PCE에서 ethene까지 완전히 탈염소화하는 혐기성 배양을 수행했다. PCE로 오염된 퇴적토 시료로부터 혐기성 미생물 배양을 성공했다. PCE가 ethene까지 완전히 분해되는 것이 관찰되었다. 추가적으로 혐기성 미생물 배양액에서 1,2-cis-dichloroethene (cis-DCE)와 vinyl chloride (VC)의 축적이 일어남을 관찰하였다. 혐기성 미생물 배양액에서 Dehalococcoides 16S rRNA gene sequences에 특이적으로 반응하는 primer를 이용한 DGGE를 통해 미생물 군집을 분석하였다. 결론적으로, 우리의 연구에서 PCE를 감소시키는 배양액을 배양했으며, 이 배양엑에는 Dehalococcoides sp. 존재하는 것을 확인하였다.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.111-125
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• 1998

Dispersion, migration and enrichment of environmental toxic elements from the Samkwang Au-Ag mine area were investigated based upon major, minor and rare earth element geochemistry. The Samkwang mine area composed mainly of Precambrian granitic gneiss. The mine had been mined for gold and silver, but closed in 1996. According to the X-ray powder diffraction, mineral composition of stream sediments and soils were partly variable mineralogy, which are composed of quartz, orthoclase, plagioclase, amphibole, muscovite, biotite and chlorite, respectively. Major element variations of the host granitic gneiss, stream sediments and soils of mining and non-mining drainage, indicate that those compositions are decrese $Al_2O_3$, $Fe_2O_3$, MgO, $TiO_2$, $P_2O_5$ and LOI with increasing $SiO_2$ respectively. Average compositional ranges (ppm) of minor and/or environmental toxic elements within those samples are revealed as As=<2-4500, Cd=<1-24, Cu=6-117, Sb=1-29, Pb=17-1377 and Zn=32-938, which are extremely high concentrations of sediments from the mining drainage (As=2006, Cd=l1, Cu=71, Pb=587 and Zn=481 ppm, respectively) than concentrations of the other samples and host granitic gneiss. Major elements (average enrichment index=6.53) in all samples are mostly enriched, excepting $SiO_2$, $Na_2O$ and $K_2O$, normalized by composition of host granitic gneiss. Rare earth element (average enrichment index=2.34) are enriched with the sediments from the mining drainage. Minor and/or environmental toxic elements within all samples on the basis of host rock were strongly enriched of all elements (especially As, Br, Cu, Pb and Zn), excepting Ba, Cr, Rb and Sr. Average enrichment index of trace elements in all samples is 15.55 (sediments of mining drainage=37.33). Potentially toxic elements (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn) of the samples revealed that average enrichment index is 46.10 (sediments of mining drainage=80.20, sediments of nonmining drainage=5.35, sediments of confluent drainage=20.22, subsurface soils of mining drainage=7.97 and subsurface soils of non-mining drainage=4.15). Sediments and soils of highly concentrated toxic elements are contained some pyrite, arsenopyrite, sphalerite, galena and goethite.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2019년도 학술발표회
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• pp.185-185
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• 2019

Sustaining future wheat production is challenged by anthropogenically forced climate warming and drying led by increased concentration of greenhouse gases all around the globe. Warming stresses, originating from the elevated $CO_2$ concentration, are continuously reported to have negative impacts on wheat growth and yield. Yet, elevated $CO_2$ concentration, despite being disparagingly blamed for promoting warming, is also associated with a phenomenon called $CO_2$ enrichment; in which wheat yield can improve due to the enhanced photosynthesis rates and less water loss through transpiration. The conflicting nature of climate warming and $CO_2$ enrichment and their interplay can have specific implications under different environments. It is established form the field and simulation studies that the two contrasting phenomena would act severely in their own respect under arid and semi-arid environments. Wheat is a dietary staple for masses in Pakistan. The country's wheat production system is under constant stress to produce more from irrigated agricultural lands, primarily lying under arid to semi-arid environments, to meet the rapidly growing domestic needs. This work comprehensively examines the warming impacts over wheat yield and water productivity (WP), with and without the inclusion of $CO_2$ enrichment, under semi-arid environment of Punjab which is the largest agricultural province of Pakistan. Future wheat yields and WPs were simulated by FAO developed AquaCrop model v 5.0. The model was run using the bias-correction climate change projections up to 2080 under two representative concentration pathways (RCP) scenarios: 4.5 and 8.5. Wheat yield and WPs decreased without considering the $CO_2$ enrichment effects owing to the elevated irrigation demands and accelerated evapotranspiration rates. The results suggested that $CO_2$ enrichment could help maintain the current yield and WPs levels during the 2030s (2021-2050); however, it might not withhold the negative climate warming impacts during the 2060s (2051-2080). Furthermore, 10 - 20 day backward shift in sowing dates could also help ease the constraints imposed by climate warming over wheat yields and WPs. Although, $CO_2$ enrichment showed promises to counteract the adverse climate warming impacts but the interactions between climate warming and $CO_2$ concentrations were quite uncertain and required further examination.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.165-170
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• 1996

The biodegradation of high concentration of benzoate by enrichment culture with Pseudomonas sp. was investigated. During 50 days continuous culture, average of removal rate of benzoate and COD were 90% and 83%, respectively. And the enzymatic activity of catechol 2,3-dioxygenase was determined in the continuous culture but not Catechol 1,2-dioxygenase. On the other hand, Pseudomonas sp in the culture was investigated with SEM and the result was revealed that the cell shape was more demage according concentration of benzoate.