• 천문학회보
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.66.3-67
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• 2018

We present distinct chemical and kinematic properties associated with the inner and outer halos of the Milky Way, as identified by metal-poor stars from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. In particular, using carbon-enhance metal-poor (CEMP) giants, we first map out the fractions of CEMP-no stars (without strongly enhanced neutron-capture elements) and CEMP-s stars (with a large enhancement of s-process elements) in the inner- and outer-halo populations, separated by their spatial distribution of carbonicity ([C/Fe]). The CEMP-no and CEMP-s objects are classified by their different levels of absolute carbon abundances, A(C). We investigate characteristics of rotational velocity and orbital eccentricity for these sub-classes within the halo populations. Distinct kinematic features and fractions between CEMP-no and CEMP-s stars identified in each halo region will provide important clues on the origin of the dichotomy of the Galactic halo.

• 한국생산제조학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.174-179
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• 2011

This paper focuses on the optimal step-over value for magnetic tool path. Since magnetic flux density is changed according to distance from center of magnetic tool. Enhanced surface roughness is also different according to change of radius. Therefore, to get a identical surface roughness on workpiece, it is necessary to find optimal tool path including step-over. In this study, response surface models for surface roughness according to change of radiuses were developed, and then optimal enhanced surface roughness for each radius was selected using genetic algorithm and simulated annealing to investigate relation between radius and surface roughness. As a result, it found that step-over value of 6.6mm is suitable for MAP of magnesium alloy.

• 한국농림기상학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.366-372
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• 2019

북한 지역은 남한에 비해 기상관측 지점이 매우 적기 때문에 남한에서 강수 추정에 주로 이용되는 PRISM 모형을 그대로 적용하여 강수분포를 추정하기는 어렵다. 이처럼 자료가 불충분한 지역의 강수분포를 추정하기 위하여, 저해상도 PRISM 모형 구동 결과에 강수-지형 관계에 근거한 보정 값을 적용해 강수 분포를 추정할 수 있는 하이브리드 방식이 개발되어 사용되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 기존 북한지역의 고해상도 강수 분포도 추정 방식을 개선된 방법에 따라 1981-2010년 평년 기간의 적산 강수량 분포도를 제작하고자 하였다. 우선, 남한지역의 270m 해상도 DEM과 종관관측지점의 고도값으로부터 IDW한 가상지형간의 편차(고도편차)를 계산하였다. PRISM 모형을 이용하여 종관관측지점의 강수량을 기반으로 2,430m의 저해상도 가상강수 분포도를 제작한 후, 종관 및 방재 기상 관측지점의 강수자료를 이용해 270m의 고해상도 강수분포도를 제작하여 둘 간의 편차(강수편차)를 계산하였다. 남한지역의 고도편차와 강수편차를 이용하여 4방위 경사향에 따른 월별 강수-지형 관계 회귀식을 도출하였고, 최종적으로 북한지역의 27개 기상 관측지점으로부터 PRISM 모형을 구동하여 만든 2,430m의 저해상도 강수분포도에 강수-지형간 회귀식을 반영하여 해상도가 향상된 강수분포도를 산출하였다. 새롭게 제작된 북한지역의 강수분포는 기존 강수분포도와 비교했을 때 지형의 영향이 더욱 잘 반영된 효과를 확인할 수 있었다. 강수분포도에 따르면, 연평균 적산강수량은 1,159mm이며, 표준편차는 253mm로 추정되었다.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제39A권7호
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• pp.404-412
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• 2014

이동 단말기에 다중 안테나를 장착하는 것은 단말기의 크기와 전력 소모 문제로 현실적인 어려움을 안고 있다. 본 논문에서는 셀룰러 네트워크에서 단일 안테나를 가지는 이동 단말기의 전송 용량 증대를 위해, 다중안테나 통신 (MIMO)을 통해서 얻을 수 있는 선형적인 전송 용량 증대를 달성하는 신호 중계 기반 분산 다중 안테나기법을 제안하고 성능을 분석한다. 분산 다중안테나 시스템을 위한 단말 간 신호 중계에 증폭 후 전달 기법(Amplify-and-Forward)을 사용할 경우에 비해 양자화 후 전달 (Quantize-Map-and-Forward) 기법을 사용하는 경우, 처리율 측면에서 보다 우수한 성능을 달성할 수 있음을 실험을 통해서 보인다. 또한, 선형적 전송 용량 증대폭을 보다 향상시키기 위해 양자화 후 전달 중계 방식을 활용하여 다중접속채널을 구성하는 방법을 제안하고, 이러한 다중접속채널 구성이 가능한 조건을 충족시키기 위한 단말기 선택을 가능하게 하는 후보 이동 단말기 수를 분석하였다. 이러한 분산 다중 안테나 통신 기법은 셀룰러 시스템에서 지역적으로 분리된 클러스터들을 서비스하기 때문에 주파수 재사용을 가능하게 하며, 이로 인해 클러스터의 숫자에 비례하는 전체 셀룰러 용량 증대에 기여한다.

• 지질공학
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.107-115
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• 2024

This study assesses forest fire susceptibility in Gangwon-do, South Korea, which hosts the largest forested area in the nation and constitutes ~21% of the country's forested land. With 81% of its terrain forested, Gangwon-do is particularly susceptible to wildfires, as evidenced by the fact that seven out of the ten most extensive wildfires in Korea have occurred in this region, with significant ecological and economic implications. Here, we analyze 480 historical wildfire occurrences in Gangwon-do between 2003 and 2019 using 17 predictor variables of wildfire occurrence. We utilized three machine learning algorithms—random forest, logistic regression, and support vector machine—to construct wildfire susceptibility prediction models and identify the best-performing model for Gangwon-do. Forest and soil map data were integrated as important indicators of wildfire susceptibility and enhanced the precision of the three models in identifying areas at high risk of wildfires. Of the three models examined, the random forest model showed the best predictive performance, with an area-under-the-curve value of 0.936. The findings of this study, especially the maps generated by the models, are expected to offer important guidance to local governments in formulating effective management and conservation strategies. These strategies aim to ensure the sustainable preservation of forest resources and to enhance the well-being of communities situated in areas adjacent to forests. Furthermore, the outcomes of this study are anticipated to contribute to the safeguarding of forest resources and biodiversity and to the development of comprehensive plans for forest resource protection, biodiversity conservation, and environmental management.

• Advances in materials Research
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.211-220
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• 2024

Polylactic acid or polylactide (PLA) is a biodegradable thermoplastic that can be produced from renewable material to create various components for industrial purposes. In 3D printing technology, PLA is used due to its good mechanical, electrical, printing properties, environmentally friendly and non-toxic properties. However, the physical properties and excellent electrical insulation properties of PLA have limited its application. In this study, with the carbon black (CB) as filler added into PLA, the lattice spacing and morphology were investigated by using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM), respectively. The physical properties of PLA-carbon composite were evaluated by using tensile test, shore D hardness test and density and voids measurement. Impedance test was conducted to investigate the electrical properties of PLA-Carbon composites. The results demonstrate that the inclusion of carbon black as filler enhances the physical properties of the PLA-carbon composites, including tensile properties, hardness, and density. The addition of carbon black also leads to improved electrical conductivity of the composites. Better enhancement toward the electrical properties of PLA-carbon composites is observed with 1wt% of carbon black in N774 grade. The N550 grade with 2wt% of carbon black shows better improvement in the physical properties of PLA-carbon composites, achieving 10.686 MPa in tensile testing, 43.330 in shore D hardness test, and a density of 1.200 g/cm3 in density measurement. The findings suggest that PLA-carbon composites have the potential for enhanced performance in various industrial applications, particularly in sectors requiring improved physical and electrical properties.

• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.187-198
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• 2024

Autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) have a limited bandwidth for real-time communication, limiting rapid responses to unexpected obstacles. This study addressed how AUVs can navigate to a target without a pre-existing obstacle map by generating one in real-time and avoiding obstacles. This paper proposes using forward-looking sonar with an occupancy grid map (OGM) for real-time obstacle mapping and a potential field algorithm for avoiding obstacles. The OGM segments the map into grids, updating the obstacle probability of each cell for precise, quick mapping. The potential field algorithm attracts the AUV towards the target and uses repulsive forces from obstacles for path planning, enhancing computational efficiency in a dynamic environment. Experiments were conducted in coastal waters with obstacles to verify the real-time obstacle mapping and avoidance algorithm. Despite the high noise in sonar data, the experimental results confirmed effective obstacle mapping and avoidance. The OGM-based potential field algorithm was computationally efficient, suitable for single-board computers, and demonstrated proper parameter adjustments through two distinct scenarios. The experiments also identified some of challenges, such as dynamic changes in detection rates, propulsion bubbles, and changes in repulsive forces caused by sudden obstacles. An enhanced algorithm to address these issues is currently under development.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.395-401
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• 2016

Endochondral bone formation is the process by which mesenchymal cells condense into chondrocytes, which are ultimately responsible for new bone formation. The processes of chondrogenic differentiation and hypertrophy are critical for bone formation and are therefore highly regulated. The present study was designed to investigate the effect of aloe-emodin on chondrogenic differentiation in clonal mouse chondrogenic ATDC5 cells. Aloe-emodin treatment stimulated the accumulation of cartilage nodules in a dose-dependent manner. ATDC5 cells were treated with aloe-emodin and stained with alcian blue. Compared with the control cells, the ATDC5 cells showed more intense alcian blue staining. This finding suggested that aloe-emodin induced the synthesis of matrix proteoglycans and increased the activity of alkaline phosphatase. Aloe-emodin also enhanced the expressions of chondrogenic marker genes such as collagen II, collagen X, BSP and RunX2 in a time-dependent manner. Furthermore, examination of the MAPK signaling pathway showed that aloe-emodin increased the activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), but had no effect on p38 and c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). Aloe-emodin also enhanced the protein expression of BMP-2 in a time-dependent manner. Thus, these results showed that aloe-emodin exhibited chodromodulating effects via the BMP-2 or ERK signaling pathway. Aloe-emodin may have potential future applications for the treatment of growth disorders.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제28권1C호
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• pp.81-89
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• 2003

전술통신 환경에서 MELP 보코더의 잡음에 대한 성능을 개선시키기 위해 전단에는 음향잡음억제기를, 그리고 채널과 접면에는 FEC 코드를 설치한 개선된 MELP 보코더를 제안한다. 여기서 음향잡음억제기는 IS-127 EVRC의 잡음억제 알고리즘을 MELP 보코더에 정합시켜 구현한 것이고, 채널오류 정정기는 recursive convolution 방식의 rate 1/3 인코딩 및 BCJR-MAP 디코딩 알고리즘을 근간으로 구현된 turbo 코드를 사용한다. 성능실험 결과 제안 시스템은 음향잡음 환경에서 SNR이 낮아질수록 잡음 억제 효과가 증가된다. 또한 비정체성 잡음 보다 정체성 잡음에서 더 나은 성능을 나타내며, 원래 MELP 보코더 보다 MOS가 0.24 정도 개선된다. 채널잡음 환경에서는 채널오류 정정기의 인터리버가 MELP 프레임 한 개 크기일 때 채널 비트 SNR 4.2 ㏈에서 BER 10-6이 달성된다. 디코딩 반복횟수는 3회 정도가 복잡도 대비 성능 측면에서 최적으로 판단된다. 또한 인터리버가 MELP 프레임 한 개 크기이고 디코딩 반복횟수가 3회 이상인 경우 채널 비트 SNR 2 ㏈에서 MOS 2.5 이상의 합성음질이 실현된다.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.250-257
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• 2008

Microsatellites or simple sequence repeats (SSR) are widely distributed in eukaryotic genomes and are informative genetic markers. Despite many advantages of SSR markers such as a high degree of allelic polymorphisms, co-dominant inheritance, multi-allelism, and genome-wide coverage in various plant species, they also have shortcomings such as low polymorphic rates between genetically close lines, especially in Capsicum annuum. We developed an alternative technique to SSR by normalizing and alternating anchored primers in random amplified microsatellite polymorphisms (RAMP). This technique, designated reverse random amplified microsatellite polymorphism (rRAMP), allows the detection of nucleotide variation in the 3' region flanking an SSR using normalized anchored and random primer combinations. The reproducibility and frequency of polymorphic loci in rRAMP was vigorously enhanced by translocation of the 5' anchor of repeat sequences to the 3' end position and selective use of moderate arbitrary primers. In our study, the PCR banding pattern of rRAMP was highly dependent on the frequency of repeat motifs and primer combinations with random primers. Linkage analysis showed that rRAMP markers were well scattered on an intra-specific pepper map. Based on these results, we suggest that this technique is useful for studying genetic diversity, molecular fingerprinting, and rapidly constructing molecular maps for diverse plant species.