• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.10 no.7
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• pp.3080-3099
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• 2016

In this paper, we propose an algorithm for energy efficient cooperative communication in wireless sensor network (WSN). The algorithm computes the appropriate transmission distance corresponding to optimal broadcast bit error probability, while taking the circuit energy consumption and the number of cooperating nodes into consideration. The algorithm guarantees minimum energy consumption by choosing higher value of bit error probability for cooperative phase and lower value of bit error probability for broadcast phase while maintaining the required end-to-end reliability. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm provides significant energy saving gain when compared with traditional fixed distance schemes and is suitable for applications demanding energy efficiency with high quality of reception.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.36-44
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• 2014

Exploiting the energy-delay tradeoff for energy saving is critical for developing green wireless communication systems. In this paper, we investigate the delay-constrained energy-efficient packet transmission. We aim to minimize the energy consumption of multiple randomly arrived packets in an additive white Gaussian noise channel subject to individual packet delay constraints, by taking into account the practical on-off circuit power consumption at the transmitter. First, we consider the offline case, by assuming that the full packet arrival information is known a priori at the transmitter, and formulate the energy minimization problem as a non-convex optimization problem. By exploiting the specific problem structure, we propose an efficient scheduling algorithm to obtain the globally optimal solution. It is shown that the optimal solution consists of two types of scheduling intervals, namely "selected-off" and "always-on" intervals, which correspond to bits-per-joule energy efficiency maximization and "lazy scheduling" rate allocation, respectively. Next, we consider the practical online case where only causal packet arrival information is available. Inspired by the optimal offline solution, we propose a new online scheme. It is shown by simulations that the proposed online scheme has a comparable performance with the optimal offline one and outperforms the design without considering on-off circuit power as well as the other heuristically designed online schemes.

• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.3-9
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• 2016

Recently, a lot of researches have been done to increase the life span of network using the energy efficient sensor node in WSN. In the WSN environment, we must use limited amount of energy and hardware. Therefore, it is necessary to design energy efficient communication protocol and use limited resources. Cluster based routing method such as LEACH and HEED get the energy efficient routing using data communication between cluster head and related member nodes. In this paper, we propose an energy efficient routing algorithm as well as performance result using simulation.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.963-973
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• 2023

Non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) is considered a key candidate technology for next-generation wireless communication systems due to its high spectral efficiency and massive connectivity. Incorporating the concepts of multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) into NOMA can further improve the system efficiency, but the hardware complexity increases. This study develops an energy-efficient (EE) subchannel assignment framework for MIMO-NOMA systems under the quality-of-service and interference constraints. This framework handles an energy-efficient co-training-based semi-supervised learning (EE-CSL) algorithm, which utilizes a small portion of existing labeled data generated by numerical iterative algorithms for training. To improve the learning performance of the proposed EE-CSL, initial assignment is performed by a many-to-one matching (MOM) algorithm. The MOM algorithm helps achieve a low complex solution. Simulation results illustrate that a lower computational complexity of the EE-CSL algorithm helps significantly minimize the energy consumption in a network. Furthermore, the sum rate of NOMA outperforms conventional orthogonal multiple access.

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.78-86
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• 2017

In this paper, we propose an energy-efficient scheduling scheme for real-time periodic tasks on a heterogeneous Grid computing system. The Grid system consists of heterogeneous processors providing the DVFS mechanism with a finite set of discrete clock frequencies. In order to save energy consumption, the proposed scheduling scheme assigns each real-time task to a processor with the least energy increment. Also the scheme activates a part of all available processors with unused processors powered off. Evaluation shows that the proposed scheme saves up to 70% energy consumption of the previous method.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.2644-2657
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• 2018

To utilize the energy of sensor nodes efficiently and extend the network lifetime maximally is one of the primary goals in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). Thus, designing an energy-efficient protocol to optimize the determination of cluster heads (CHs) in WSNs has become increasingly important. In this paper, we propose a novel energy-efficient protocol based on an improved Grey Wolf Optimizer (GWO), which we refer to as Fitness value based Improved GWO (FIGWO). It considers a fitness value to improve the finding of the optimal solution in GWO, which ensures a better distribution of CHs and a more balanced cluster structure. According to the distance to the CHs and the BS, sensor nodes' transmission distance are recalculated to reduce the energy consumption. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed approach can prolong the stability period of the network in comparison to other algorithms, namely by 31.5% in comparison to SEP, and even by 57.8% when compared with LEACH protocol. The results also show that the proposed protocol performs well over the above comparative protocols in terms of energy consumption and network throughput.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.44 no.6
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• pp.885-902
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• 2022

The mmWave cell-free massive MIMO (CFmMIMO), combining the advantages of wide bandwidth in the mmWave frequency band and the high- and uniform-spectral efficiency of CFmMIMO, has recently emerged as one of the enabling technologies for 6G. In this paper, we propose a novel framework for energy-efficient mmWave CFmMIMO systems that uses low-resolution digital-analog converters (DACs) and phase shifters (PSs) to introduce lowcomplexity hybrid precoding. Additionally, we propose a heuristic pilot allocation scheme that makes the best effort to slash some interference from copilot users. The simulation results show that the proposed hybrid precoding and pilot allocation scheme outperforms the existing schemes. Furthermore, we reveal the relationship between the energy and spectral efficiencies for the proposed mmWave CFmMIMO system by modeling the whole network power consumption and observe that the introduction of low-resolution DACs and PSs is effective in increasing the energy efficiency by compromising the spectral efficiency and the network power consumption.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.16 no.8
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• pp.2736-2750
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• 2022

As demands for the maritime communications increase, a variety of functions and information are required to exchange via elements of maritime systems, which leads communication traffic increases in maritime frequency bands, especially in VHF (Very High Frequency) band. Thus, effective resource management is crucial to the future maritime communication systems not only to the typical terrestrial communication systems. VHF data exchange system (VDES) enables to utilize more flexible configuration according to the communication condition. This paper focuses on the VDES communication system among VDES terminals such as shore stations, ship stations and aids to navigation (AtoN) to address efficient resource allocation. We propose a resource management method considering a MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) technique in VDES, which has been widely used for modern terrestrial wireless networks but not for marine environments by scheduling the essential communication resources. We introduce the general channel model in marine environment and give two metrics, spectral and the energy efficiencies to examine our resource scheduling algorithm. Based on the simulation results and analysis, the proposed method provides a possibility to enhance spectral and energy efficiencies. Additionally, we present a trade-off relationship between spectral and energy efficiencies. Furthermore, we examine the resource efficiencies related to the imperfect channel estimation.

• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.67-72
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• 2021

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) require an enormous number of sensor nodes (SNs) to maintain processing, sensing, and communication capabilities for monitoring targeted sensing regions. SNs are generally operated by batteries and have a significantly restricted energy consumption; therefore, it is necessary to discover optimization techniques to enhance network lifetime by saving energy. The principal focus is on reducing the energy consumption of packet sharing (transmission and receiving) and improving the network lifespan. To achieve this objective, this paper presents a novel improved energy-efficient cluster-based routing protocol (IECRP) that aims to accomplish this by decreasing the energy consumption in data forwarding and receiving using a clustering technique. Doing so, we successfully increase node energy and network lifetime. In order to confirm the improvement of our algorithm, a simulation is done using matlab, in which analysis and simulation results show that the performance of the proposed algorithm is better than that of two well-known recent benchmarks.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2016.10a
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• pp.309-312
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• 2016

Green Internet of Things (IoT) is the study and practice of eco-friendly sustainable computing. The basic goal of green computing is to reduce the use of materials and maximize energy efficiency with reliable and secure communications. The paper presents various technologies and issues regarding green IoT. It also studies the green Information and Communication Technology (ICT) such as green M2M, green Cloud Computing (CC), and green Data Center (DC). In addition, this paper mentions about the reliability in IoT Communication and and issues to achieve green IoT communication by applying efficient activity scheduling technique for energy saving. Finally, we propose the green IoT-Home Service (GIHS) model which provides efficient energy management in home automation system.